chess manual for sajcc 1 board(files,ranks squares ... for sajcc.pdf · chess manual for sajcc 2...

Chess Manual for SAJCC 1

20−Oct−2012

Board(files,ranks squares..) [beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+��+�� !"#$%&'()*

The proper way to place the board is havingthe white square on your right handside.Theboard is divided into three important lines,files,ranks , diagonals and L-shapes.Files are thevertical lines from a to h.This is the a-file...Ranks are horizontal lines from 1 to 8.This isthe 1st rank... We name a square starting withthe file then the rank.This square is a1,thisd5...A diagonal is named by it's starting andlast squares.This diagonal is the a1 to h8diagonal... The L-Shaped i.e. two squares upor down and then a sqaure to the left or right.Also two squares left or right and then asqaure up or down..The Names of the Chess Pieces:.King........ (K).Queen.....(Q).Rook.......(R).Bishop....(B).Knight....(N).Pawn....the name of the square....

.Date............................................1. Show the e-file....................................................2. Show the 4-rank....................................................3. Show the a1-h8 diagonal....................................................4. Show the f1-a6 diagonal....................................................5. Name the four centre squares....................................................6. What colour square is e4?....................................................7. What colour square is d4?.....................................................Score ..............Signed..................

Moves(King)[beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

Since the king is the most important piece,weplace no numerical value to it.This piece canmove in any direction but only one square at atime.You may not move your king to a squareattacked by your opponent.Once a king isattacked'check' should be announced,warningthe opponent that their king is in danger.It isillegal to capture the king.


20−Oct−2012

Moves(Queen)[beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+Q�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+��+�� !"#$%&'()*

The Queen is the most powerful piece due toit's movement.This piece moves on files ranksand diagonals.It is worth 9 points.Date.....................................1. On which square is the White queen placedat the start of the game?.................2. On which square is the Black queen placedat the start of the game?................3. On which square is the White king placed atthe start of the game?.................4. On which square is the Black king placed atthe start of the game?................5. How many point is the queen?................6. On which square is the white queen?................7. How many possible moves can the whitequeen do?................Score.................Sgned..................

Moves(Rook)[beginners]

The rook moves on files and diagonals.Thispiece is worth 5 points.To capture the a7

��+�+�+�+��-.�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��/+�+�+�+��01�+��+�� !"#$%&'()*

pawn you could play .Rc1 followed by Rc7then Rxa7. 1.Rb1 .Date.....................................1. On which squares is the White rooks placedat the start of the game?.................2. How many points is the rook?................3. On which square is the white rook?................4. How many possible moves can the whiterook do?................5. What symbol is use for the rook whenrecording chess game?................Score.................Sgned..................

Moves(Bishop)[beginners]

(Diagram)

The Bishop moves on diagonals.It can onlymove on the same coloured squares as it'sinitial position.It is worth 3 points.To capturethe pawn on c7 you culd play .Bb2 then Be5followed by Bxc7. 1.Bb2 c6 2.Bd4


20−Oct−2012

��+�+�+�+��+�-.�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�-/�+�+��+�23��+�� !"#$%&'()*

Moves(Knight)[beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�-.�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��/-//+�+�+��+4+��+�� !"#$%&'()*

The knight is the only piece that can jump overit's own army.It is worth 3 points.Count twosquares fowards or sideways and land on theadjecent square.To capture the pawn on c7you may play,Nc3 then Nb5 followed by Nxc7check! 1.Nc3 c6 2.Ne4 .Date.....................................1. On which squares is the knights placed atthe start of the game?.................2. How many points is the two black knghts?................

3. On which square is the white knight?................4. How many possible moves can the whiteknight do?................5. What symbol is use for the knight whenrecording chess game?................Score.................Sgned..................

Moves(Pawn) [beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��-.�+�+�+��+.+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+/+�+�+��+�+��+�� !"#$%&'()*

The pawn is the only piece that cannot movebackwards.It is worth one point.It moves in astraight line one square at a time.You havethe option to move it twice from it's startingposition on the second or seventh rank.Youmay also choose to move it once.If the pawnis no longer on the second rank it may moveonly one square at a turn.The pawn is uniquesince it does not capture as it moves.Itcaptures sideways to a diagonally adjecentsquare.Should you want to capture the pawnon b5 you may play,c4 followed by cxb5.On b5the pawn would then be blocked by the b6pawn and would not be able to move fowards.


20−Oct−2012

Moves(Promotion)[beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+.+�+�+��+�+�+�+��/+�-/�+�+��+�+��+�� !"#$%&'()*

Once a pawn reaches the last rank it getspromoted to any piece except the king. Whitemay play ,a4,a5 ,a6,a7 then a8-Queen check!If one chooses any piece other than thequeen when promoting(e.g knight),it is thenknown as under-promoting.

Moves(en passant)[beginners]

(Diagram)

If the pawn moves twice from it's startingposition and 'jumps' the square attacked bythe opponent's pawn,it may be captured by enpassant.Should white play ,d4 black maychoose to en passant by...cxd3.If black plays...f5 white may choose to play gxf6 en passant.

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+.+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�-/��+.+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�-/�+�+��+�+��+�� !"#$%&'()*

Castling[beginners]

��5+�+�+�05��-..+�+.-..��+.+6+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��-/�+�23�+��-//+�-//-/��01�+��+1� !"#$%&'()*

Castling is the only move that allows us totouch two pieces at the same turn.The Kingjumps over a square and the rook thenoccupies the jumped square.0-0,0-0-0.Thismove is important since it places the king in asafer position and the rook is able to enter thebattle.You may not castle if1.You have movedyour king already.2.You have moved your rook already.3.You are under check4.your king will move over an attacked square


20−Oct−2012

or land on an attacked square. 1.0-0 [ 1.0-0-0 ]

Check and mate[beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+��+�� !"#$%&'()*

When the king is under check there are threemoves one can play.1.Capture the checking piece.2.Block the check.3.Move the king to a nearby square.Should one not be able to make any of thethree moves ,it would be mate.

Mating(King and Queen)[beginners]

(Diagram)

Mating with the Queen requires the strongerside to force the king to the last rank or file.

1.Qa4 This cuts-off the fourth rank. Kd5 2.Qb4 not allowing the king to reach the c-file. Ke5 3.Qc4 Kf5 4.Qd4 The queen is sopowerful,it can single heandedly drive the kingtowards the last file. Ke6 5.Qc5 Kf6 6.Qd5

Kg6 7.Qe5 Kh6 8.Qf5 [ 8.Qg3 was also possible,planning to matethe king on the h-file. Kh7 9.Kf2 Kh6

10.Kf3 Kh7 11.Kf4 Kh8 12.Kf5 Kh7 13.Kf6 Kh8 14.Qg7# ]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+��+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+Q��+�� !"#$%&'()*

8...Kg7 9.Qe6 Kh8 10.Qd7 [ 10.Qf7 would be a mistake since the kingwould not have a move and it would bestalemate.the result would be a draw. ]

10...Kg8 The king is now needed since thequeen cannot mate alone. 11.Kf2 Kh8

12.Kf3 Kg8 13.Kf4 Kh8 14.Kg5 Kg8 15.Kg6 Kh8 16.Qd8#

[ 16.Qg7# ] [ 16.Qh7# ]

Mating(Two Rooks)[beginners]

(Diagram)

Mating with two rooks also requires thestongerside to force the opposing king to thelast file or rank. 1.Rh2 This cuts-off thesecond rank. Kf3 2.Ra3+ White checks withthe a1 rook since the h2 rook has the functionof cutting the 2nd rank from the black king.

Kg4 3.Rb2 It is important to move as faraway from the king as possible.

[ 3.Rh4+ would be a blunder since the rookwould not be protected.

Kxh4 ] 3...Kf4 4.Rb4+ Ke5 5.Ra5+ Kd6 6.Rb6+This is also called the bicycle method! Kc7

7.Rg6 Kb7 8.Rh5 Kc7 9.Rh7+ Kd8 10.Rg8#


20−Oct−2012

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+��+��+�+�+�+��01�+��+1� !"#$%&'()*

Mating(Rook and King)[beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+��+1� !"#$%&'()*

Mating with a one rook against king alsorequires the stronger side to force the king tothe last file and rank. 1.Rh2 Cutting off thesecond rank. Kc3 2.Kd1 Kb3 3.Kc1 Ka3

4.Kb1 This is the situation white is playing for.This is known as opposition.The king's areopposite each other and it is white's turn tomove. Kb3 5.Rh3+ Notice that the threesquares on the second file are controlled bythe white king.Black is forced to move to thefourth rank. Kb4 6.Kc2

[ 6.Kb2 would not be so good.Yes the king's

are opposite each other,but it is black's turnand after Kc4 would move out ofopposition. ]

6...Ka4 7.Kb2 Kb4 8.Rh4+ Kc5 9.Kb3 Kd5 10.Kc3 Ke5 11.Kd3 Kf5 12.Ke3 Kg5 13.Ra4 Kf5 14.Rb4! Such a move is called awaiting move.Black is forced to either moveinto opposition or allow it a bit later. Kg5

15.Kf3 Kh5 16.Kg3 Kg5 17.Rb5+ Kf6 18.Kg4 Ke6 19.Kf4 Kd6 20.Ke4 Kc6 21.Rh5 Kd6 22.Rg5! A waiting move Kc6 23.Kd4 Kb6 24.Kc4 Ka6 25.Kb4 Kb6 26.Rg6+ Kb7 27.Kc5 Ka7 28.Kb5 Kb7 29.Rg7+ Kc8 30.Kb6 Kd8 31.Kc6 Ke8 32.Kd6 Kf8 33.Ra7 Ke8 34.Rb7! Kf8 35.Ke6 Kg8 36.Kf6 Kh8 37.Kg6 Kg8 38.Rb8#

Mating(two Bishops)[beginners]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�23��3+�� !"#$%&'()*

The stronger side should first centralise theking. 1.Kd2 Ke7 2.Ke3 Ke6 3.Ke4 Kd6

4.Ba3+ Ke6 5.Bc4+ Kf6 The two bishopscut the board into two,making it imposible forthe black king to escape to the queenside.

[ 5...Kd7 6.Kd5 Ke8 7.Kc6 Kd8 8.Bf7 Kc8 9.Be7 Kb8 10.Kb6 Kc8 11.Be6+ Kb8 12.Bd6+ Ka8 13.Bd5# ]

6.Kf4 Limiting the squares infront of the blackking.

Kg6 Since black can no longer move to thea3-f8 diagonal,white cuts the board further.


20−Oct−2012

7.Bb2 Kh5 8.Bf7+ Kh6 [ 8...Kh4 9.Bf6+ Kh3 10.Kf3 Kh2 11.Kf2 Kh1 12.Be6 Kh2 13.Be5+ Kh1 14.Bd5# ]

9.Kf5 Kh7 10.Kf6 Kh6 11.Bc1+ Kh7 12.Bd5 Kh8 13.Kf7 Kh7 14.Be4+ Kh8 15.Bb2#

Draw(Agreement,Stalemate)[tactics]

��+�+�+��+�+�+�+/��+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

The game can be drawn in six differentsituations.1.By agreement between the two players.2.Stalemate.3. Perpetual Check4. Not Suffucient Material to Checkmate5. Three times identical positions ... claimedbefore reaching third position6. Fifty moves played without capturing apiece

Attacked pieces(attackers+d)[tactics]

It is important not to lose material during agame.Whenever pieces are attacked weshould count the number of attackers anddefenders.In situations where there are moreattackers than we have defenders guardingour pieces we should quickly balance the twoso as not to lose material.Here is an example.

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.g3 d5 4.Bg2 Be7

[Black could win a pawn by 4...dxc4 After 5.Qa4+ Nbd7 6.Qxc4 White would win itback with a better position. ]

5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 c5 7.cxd5 exd5 8.Nc3 Nc6 9.dxc5 Bxc5 10.Bg5 White has anattack on f6 and d5. Let us apply the rule andcount .2 attackers on d5,two defenders.Oneattacker on f6,two defenders.It is important tonote that the knight on f6 can be exchanged,so black should either push the pawn orincrease the number of defenders. Bxf2+

Attacked pieces(X−ray attack)[tactics]

Pieces that can be in attacking positions onceothers are exchanged,are called X-rayattackers.Example- 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4

Nd7 4.Nc3 Ngf6 5.Be2 g6 6.0-0 Bg7 7.a4 0-0 8.Be3 Re8 9.h3 .Diagram

��5+6+75+�+�8�-..-.9+.26.��+�-.�:9.+��+�+�-.�+��/+�-//+�+��+�:4�234+/��-//+3-//+��01�+Q+1��!"#$%&'()*

This is an instructive error. exd4 White nownotices that there are two attackers on e4 andonly one defender.

[ 9...Nxe4 ] [ 9...Nxe4 ]

10.Qxd4 Nxe4! This wins a pawn.Whiteindeed has two defenders on e4,but thequeen is attacked by the g7 bishop.


20−Oct−2012

L.P.D.O[tactics]

When a piece is not protected we say it isloose.Such a situation can be used by ouropponent to win material.So as to emphesisethe importance of not leaving any pieces"hanging",we use the abbreviation-L.P.D.O(loose pieces drop off).Let us look at someexamples. 1.e4 d6 2.d4 g6 3.Nf3 a6

4.Bc4 Bg4? .Diagram

��5:9�+7�26905��+.-.�-..+.��.+�-.�+.+��+�+�+�+��+3-//+6+��+�+�+4+��/-//+�-//-/��01423Q��+1� !"#$%&'()*

This active looking move is a mistake.Thebishop is not protected and the white queenhas an x-ray attack on it.White uses these twofactors to win a pawn. 5.Bxf7+! Kxf7 6.Ng5+

Ke8 7.Qxg4 White has a winning position.She is a pawn-up and her opponent may notcastle.

L.P.D.O(2nd e,g)[tactics]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bc4 Be7 5.0-0 Nh5? Diagram

(Diagram)

6.Nxe5 [ 6.Nxe5 ] [ 6.Nxe5 ]

��5:96+7�+�05��-..-.�26.-..��+�-.�+�+��+�+�-.�+9��+3+/+�+��+�:4�+4+��/-//-/�-//-/��01�23Q+1�� !"#$%&'()*

Fischer,Robert JamesReshevsky,Samuel Herman

USA−ch New York 1958[tactics]

This game demonstrates the use of L.P.D.Oat the highest level . 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6

3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 g6 5.Nc3 Bg7 6.Be3 Nf6 7.Bc4 0-0 8.Bb3 Na5? This is aninstuctive mistake.It is bad to move a pieceaway from the center without first establishingfirm control in that area.

[ 8...d6 was possible ] 9.e5 Ne8 It is rare for us to think of such amajor piece when applying Lpdo.Yes,thequeen! on d8 is not protected.

[ 9...Nh5 10.g4 ] 10.Bxf7+ Kxf7

[ 10...Rxf7 11.Ne6 ] 11.Ne6!! dxe6

[ 11...Kxe6 12.Qd5+ Kf5 13.g4+ Kxg4 14.Rg1+ Kh5 15.Qd1+ Kh4 16.Qg4# ]

12.Qxd8 And white was winning easily.Thegame continued. Nc6 13.Qd2 Bxe5 14.0-0

Nd6 15.Bf4 Nc4 16.Qe2 Bxf4 17.Qxc4 Kg7 18.Ne4 Bc7 19.Nc5 Rf6 20.c3 e5 21.Rad1 Nd8 22.Nd7 Rc6 23.Qh4 Re6 24.Nc5 Rf6 25.Ne4 Rf4 26.Qxe7+ Rf7 27.Qa3 Nc6 28.Nd6 Bxd6 29.Rxd6 Bf5 30.b4 Rff8 31.b5 Nd8 32.Rd5 Nf7 33.Rc5 a6 34.b6 Be4 35.Re1 Bc6 36.Rxc6 bxc6 37.b7 Rab8 38.Qxa6 Nd8 39.Rb1 Rf7


20−Oct−2012

40.h3 Rfxb7 41.Rxb7+ Rxb7 42.Qa81-0

Pin[tactics]

We will now look at tactics one can use to winmaterial or apply pressure to the opponent'sposition.1.The Pin-this is when a piece cannotmove because a bigger piece would then belost. 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 .Diagram

��5:96+7�26�05�8�-..-.�+.-..��+�+.:9�+��+�+.+�23��+�-//+�+��+�:4�+�+��/-//+�-//-/��01�+Q��3:41�!"#$%&'()*

The knight on f6 is pinned.If black was tomove this piece,she would lose her queen.White is threatening to push e5 attacking thispiece. Be7 This move breakes the pin.

[ 4...h5? 5.e5 winning material. ] [ 4...Bb4 An interesting move,pinning c3planning to answer 5.e5 with h6 6.Bh4 g5Breaking the pin. ]

Pin(e,g)[tactics]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.d3 Bc5 5.0-0 d6 6.Nc3 0-0 7.Bg5 a6

[ 7...h6 8.Bh4 g5 was better ] 8.Nd5 This is a typical method of using the pinto launch an attack against the king.Black isnot able to breake the pin,thus her kingsidewill be weakened. Be6 9.Nxf6+ gxf6 10.Bh6

Re8 11.Nh4 White has good attackingprospects on the kingside.

Pin(against king)[tactics]

��5+�+7�+�05�8�-..-.�+.-.��+9-.�+6-.��+�+�+�+��+�:4/+�+��+�-/�+�23��/+/+�-//-/��01�+Q+1��!"#$%&'()*

It is important to castle early,placing the kingin a safe position. 1...Bxe4? This wins apawn, but opens up the position with the kingstill in the center. 2.Re1 This pin is veryuncomfortable for black and she is forced tolose material. d5 3.f3 0-0 4.fxe4with a winning position.

Pin(attacking)[tactics]

(Diagram)

At first glance all seems well with black'sposition.However,the g7 and f7 pawns arepinned and this alters the situation. 1.Bxh6!The bishop cannot be captured. Whitethreatens .*xg7 mate! g6 2.Qxg6+!Another spectecular shot!The queen isimmune since f7 is pinned. Kh8 3.Qg7#


20−Oct−2012

��5+6+�05�+��+.+7�+.-.��.+9-.�+�-.��+�+�-.�+��+�+/+�+��-/3+�+�+Q/��-//+�-//+��01�23�+1�� !"#$%&'()*

Fork(definition)[tactics]

��5+�+�05�+��-..-.�+.-.��+9-.6+�-.��-/�+�-.�+��+�-/�+�+��+�-/�+�-/��-/�:4�-/3-/��01�+�+1�� !"#$%&'()*

2.The Fork-This is when a piece attacks twoor more pieces at the same time. 1.d5Diagram

(Diagram)

Forking the bishop and knight.white winsmaterial.

��5+�+�05�+�8�-..-.�+.-.��+9-.6+�-.��-/�+/-.�+��+�+�+�+��+�-/�+�-/��-/�:4�-/3-/��01�+�+1��!"#$%&'()*

Fork(eg)[tactics]

��5+6+7�+5+��-.�+.-.�26.��-.�+�+.+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�-/�234+��/-/�+�-//-/��01�+Q+1�� !"#$%&'()*

White plays 1.Qd5 Forking the rooks andwinning material.

Fork(knight)[tactics]

(Diagram)

The knight is the most dangerous forkingpiece. 1.Nc7+ Forking the king and rook


20−Oct−2012

��5+�+�+5+��-..+�-..+��+.-.�:9�-.��+4+�+�+��+�-/�+�+��-/�+�+�+/��-//+�-//+��01�+�+1�� !"#$%&'()*

Fork(family fork)[tactics]

��+�+5+�+��+�-.5+�-.��-.9-.�+�+��-.�+4-.�+7��+�+/+�+��-/�+�+�01��-//+Q�+/-/��+��1+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

1.Nf6+ Using a pin to fork!Since this involvesall of black's major pieces,it is called a familyfork!

Skewer(definition)[tactics]

3.The Skewer-This happens when a biggerpiece is forced to flee,leaving the smallerpiece to be taken. 1.Ra8+ Black is forced tomove her king Ke7 2.Rxh8 Losing the rook.

��+�+�+�05��+�-.�+.-.��-.�+�+�-.��+�+�-.�+��+�+/+�+��+�+�+/+��-//+�+/-/��01�+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

Skewer(e.g)[tactics]

��5+�+�05�+��+.+�:9.-.��+.+.:9�-.��+�+7�+�+��.+�+�+�+��-/�+/+Q+/��4-/�23/-//+��01�+1+�� !"#$%&'()*

1.Bb4 Black is skewered.She cannot protectthe knight and thus loses material. Qd5

2.Bxe7 with a winning position for white

Double Check(definition)[tactics]

4.Double Check-This is when two piecescheck simultaniously. 1...Bb4? A bad movethat opens for the king. 2.Bb5+! The checkingpieces are attacked,but none can be taken.


20−Oct−2012

��5+6+�+905�8�+.-.�26.-.��.+�+�+�-.��+7�+�+�+��+�-/�+�+��+�+�+4+��/-/�+3-//-/��01�23Q01��!"#$%&'()*

Kf8 [ 2...Kd8 3.Re8# ]

3.Re8#

Double check(smothered)[tactics]

��05�+�05�+��-.�+�+4-..��+.-.�+�+��+�+7�+�+��.+�26�+�+��+Q+/+�+��-//+�-//-/��01�+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

At first glance it looks as if black is winningeasily.White uses the double check to force asmothered mate. 1.Nh6+ whites pieces areimmune Kh8 2.Qg8+! an incrediblemove!Forcing black's king into a corner. Rxg8

3.Nf7#

Discovered Check(def)[tactics]

��5:96+7�26�05��-..-..+.-..��+�:9�+�+��+�+�:4�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��/-//-/Q-//-/��01423��3+1� !"#$%&'()*

5.Discovered Check-this is when a piecemoves and the one behind it checks. 1.Nc6+The knight cannot be captured since the whitequeen is giving check.Black is forced to losematerial. Be7 2.Nxd8 with a winning positionfor white.

Removing the Guard(def)[tactics]

(Diagram)

6.Removing the guard-This is when you forcea piece that is defending another piece awayfrom it's function. 1.e5! dxe5 2.Bxf7+!!The king is forced to 'unprotect the queen'.

Kxf7 3.Qxd8 with a winning position.


20−Oct−2012

��5+6+7�26�05��-.�+�-..+.��+.-.�:9.+��+�+�+�+��+3+/+�+��+�:4�+�+��/-//+�-//-/��01�23Q��+1� !"#$%&'()*

Removing the guard(eg)[tactics]

��+605�05�+��+.-.�+�+��.+9+�+.+��+7�+�-..+��+�+�+�+��-/�01/23�-/��-/�+Q/+4-/��+�+�+1�� !"#$%&'()*

1.Rxc6 The queen is now unprotected. Qxd2 2.Rxc7+ an important zwischenzug that winsmaterial for white. Rd7 3.Rxd7+ Bxd7

4.Bxd2 with a huge material advantage.

Deflection(def)[tactics]

7.Deflection-This is when a piece is deflectedfrom it's function,mainly due to mating threats.

1.Re8+! Rxe8 Black has to allow the rook to

��+505�+�+��-.�+�+.+��-.�+7�+.+��+�+�+�+.��/+�+Q�+�+��+�+�+�+/��-/�+�-//+��01�+�01�� !"#$%&'()*

be deflected since there was a mate threat. [ 1...Kh7 2.Qh8# ]

2.Qxd6 and white is winning.

A32Reshevsky,Samuel HermanFischer,Robert James

Palma de Mallorca Interzonal (6) 15.11.1970[tactics]

Deflection 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.Nf3 cxd4 4.Nxd4 e6 5.Nc3 Bb4 6.e3 Ne4 7.Qc2 Nxc3 8.bxc3 Be7 9.Be2 0-0 10.0-0 a6 11.f4 d6 12.f5 exf5 13.Nxf5 Bxf5 14.Qxf5 Nd7 15.Bf3 Qc7 16.Rb1 Rab8 17.Bd5 Nf6 18.Ba3 Rfe8 19.Qd3 Nxd5 20.cxd5 b5 21.e4 Bf8 22.Rb4 Re5 23.c4 Rbe8 24.cxb5 axb5 25.Kh1 Qe7 26.Qxb5 Rxe4 27.Rxe4 Qxe4 28.Qd7 Qf4! Protecting d6by using deflection.The queen is immunebecause of mate 29.Kg1

[ 29.Qb5 ] [ 29.Rxf4 Re1+ 30.Rf1 Rxf1# ]

29...Qd4+ 30.Kh1 Qf2 and white resigned.If31.*b5 0e1 wins0-1

Perpetual Check(def)[tactics]

8.Perpetual Check-This is a game savingtactic where the weaker side saves the game


20−Oct−2012

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�-.��+�+�+�+��+Q+�:9�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+7��5+5+�+/+��+�+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

by perpetually checking the king. 1.Qe8+White is in trouble,but she finds a tactic thatsecures the draw. Kh7 2.Qh5+ Kg8 3.Qe8+drawn.

Perpetual Check(eg)[tactics]

��+�+�05��+�+�+.-..��.+�+�+�+��26.+�:4�+��+�+�+�+��+3+�+�+7��+�+�+6+��+�+�01�� !"#$%&'()*

1.Nxf7+ This saves white. Kg8 [ 1...Rxf7 allows 2.Re8+ Rf8 3.Rxf8# ]

2.Nh6+ Kh8 3.Nf7+ Kg8 4.Nh6+ drawn.

Obstruction(def)[tactics]

��5:96+�05�+��+�+7�+�-..��+.+�+�+��+.:4�-.�+��+�+�+Q+��-.�23�+�+��/-//+�+�-/��+�+1+�01�� !"#$%&'()*

9.Obstruction-This is when a piece isobstructed from it's function.eg-The blackqueen is protecting the important g7 pawn.

1.Rd7! obstructing the queen! Rf7 2.Rxf7 Bxg4 3.Rxc7 with a winning position.

Traping the piece(def)[tactics]

��5+6+7�05�+��-..-.�+.-.��+9-.�:9�-.��+�26�-.�+��/+3+/+�+��+�-//+4+��-/�+�-//-/��01423Q+1�� !"#$%&'()*

10.Traping the piece-a useful tactic in winningmaterial.When a piece does not have enoughmoving space it can be traped. 1.b4The bishop is having limited squares to move


20−Oct−2012

to.White restricts these squares futher,planning to trap the piece. Bb6 2.a5and the bishop is traped!

Traping the piece(eg)[tactics]

��5+6+75+�+��+�-.926.-..��.+�-.�:9�+��+.+�-.�+��+�-//+�+��+3-/�+4+/��/-/�:4�-//+��01�23Q01�� !"#$%&'()*

The black queen does not have any squaresto move to.white takes advantage of thissituation. 1.Bxf7+! Kxf7 2.Ng5+ Kg8 3.Ne6Traping the queen.

A00Center(def)[opening ]

Center-It is very important to try and controlthe center.When one controls the center itbecomes easier to attack or defend becauseof more space control.The center is made upof the four squares e4,e5,d4 and d5.It is notalways easy to control these squares,so we tryto also control the larger center(c3,c4,c5,c6,d6,e6,f6,f5,f4,f3,e3 and d3.

B09Center(Classical center)[opening ]

The Classical center.This is a try to placepawns in the center and to occupy the bigger

center with pieces. 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.f4 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Be3 This is anexample of classical central control by white.

D20Classical center(eg)[opening ]

1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.e4 Another example ofthe classical center.

A07Hyper−modern center[opening ]

The hyper modern center-This is when wecontrol the center from a distance. 1.g3 d5

2.Bg2 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.0-0 Bf5 5.b3 e6 6.Bb2 Bd6 An example of the hypermoderncentral control.

D85Classical−Hypermodern[opening ]

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 Nb6 In this example we see the classicalagainst the hypermodern centers.This normalyleads to a very keen and tense struggle!

A00The Openning(2 do's)[opening ]

The Openning.This is what you should try anddo in the openning phase of the game.1.Control the center(classical orhypermodern).2.Develop your pieces towards centralsquares.3.Castle.This is very important since it movesyour king away from the center(which is inmany cases open)to a safer enviroment.It alsobrings your rook closer to the center andenables your rooks to co ordinate.


20−Oct−2012

A00Oppening(not 2 do's)[opening ]

This is what you should not do in theOpenning phase of the game.-Do not move your queen out too early.-Do not make too many pawn moves.-Do not grab more than one free pawn unlessyou know that specific variation.-Do not start an attack with only a few pieces.

C40Openning traps[traps]

Typical openning traps that you should befamiliar with. 1.e4 a goodmove controlling thed5 square and getting ready to develop the f1bishop so as to castle. e5 same reasons aswhite. 2.Nf3 What is a goodmove inchess?This is a very simple question toanswer-It is a move that fulfills more than onefunction.with this move 1.white develops 2.Controlls the center 3.prepares for castlingand attacks a pawn. f6? denying the knightthe much needed f6 square .

[ 2...Nc6 is better. ] 3.Nxe5! fxe5 4.Qh5+ Ke7

[ 4...g6 5.Qxe5+ Qe7 6.Qxh8 Qxe4+ 7.Kd1+- ]

5.Qxe5+ Kf7 6.Bc4+ d5 [ 6...Kg6 7.Qf5+ Kh6 8.d4+ g5 9.h4 d5 10.Qf7 dxc4 11.hxg5# ]

7.Bxd5+ Kg6 8.h4 h5 9.Bxb7 Bxb7 10.Qf5+ Kh6 11.d4+ g5 12.Bxg5+ winning


1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 Nxe4? [Black should play 3...d6 first. 4.Nf3 Nxe4 5.d4 d5 6.Bd3 Bd6 7.0-0 0-0with a playable position. ]

4.Qe2 Nd6 5.Nc6+ Winning the queen.


1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5This is called the fried liver attack.It is still very popular at club level. d5 5.exd5 Nxd5?

[ 5...Na5 is the main variation.Play mightcontinue 6.Bb5+ c6 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Be2

h6 9.Nf3 e4 10.Ne5 Bd6 11.d4 exd3 12.Nxd3 Qc7 with a lead in developmentand activity in exchange for the pawn. ]

6.Nxf7! Kxf7 7.Qf3+ Ke6 [If 7...Ke8 8.Bxd5 Qf6 9.d3 Nd4 10.Qd1 c6 11.Be4 with a good position. ]

8.Nc3 Ncb4 9.Bb3 c6 10.a3 Na6 11.d4!Planning to open the center and attack theblack king. Be7

[ 11...exd4 12.Nxd5 cxd5 13.0-0 Nc7 14.Bf4 with a strong attack. ]

12.0-0 Rf8 13.Qe4 Nac7 14.Nxd5 cxd5 15.Qxe5+ Kf7 16.Bf4 White is down a piecefor a very strong attack. Ne6 17.Bxd5 Bf6

18.Qe4 Re8 19.Rfe1 Kf8 [ 19...Kg8 20.Qf5 ]

20.Be5 with a strong attack.


1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Nd4 This is a very tricky responce. 6.d6? This is a typical mistake by club players.White thinks she is attacking but her opponentis going to have more central control.

[ 6.c3 Is the correct move,chasing away thewell placed knight on d4. b5 7.Bf1 Nxd5

8.Ne4 Ne6 9.Bxb5+ Bd7 10.Bc4with a slightly better position. ]

6...Qxd6 7.Nxf7 It is dangerous to grabmaterial before castling.We will soon find outwhy. Qc6 8.Nxh8 Qxg2 9.Rf1 Qe4+

10.Be2 Nf3#


20−Oct−2012


1.e4 e6 This is known as the french defence. 2.d4 d5 3.e5 c5 Black has to put pressureon white's center otherwise she will not haveany counterplay. 4.c3 Nc6 5.Nf3 Qb6

6.Bd3 cxd4 [ 6...Bd7 Is the theoreticaly endorsedmove. ]

7.cxd4 Nxd4 always be weary of pawngrabing. 8.Nxd4 Qxd4 9.Bb5+ Bd7

10.Bxd7+ Kxd7 11.Qxd4 Winning for white


1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 c5 4.c3 Nc6 5.Nf3 Bd7 6.Bb5 An instructive mistake.This moveserves no purpose since the pin has alreadybeen brocken.White should not be trying toexchange her bishop since she has place hercentral pawns on black squares. Nxe5!This wins a pawn since the b5 bishop is'hanging'. 7.Nxe5

[ 7.Bxd7+ Nxd7 ] 7...Bxb5 with a close to winning position.

B17Openning traps[traps]

1.e4 c6 The Carro-Kan defence. 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Nd7 5.Qe2This is normaly tried in blitz games.If blackdoes not fall for this obvious trick,then thequeen will not be well placed on e2 since itdoes not allow the f1 bishop to be developed.

Ngf6?? [ 5...e6 ]

6.Nd6# Notice that the e7 pawn is pinned.


1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Nd7 5.Ng5 Ngf6

[If 5...h6 6.Ne6 fxe6 7.Qh5+ g6 8.Qxg6#might follow. ]

6.Bd3 h6? [ 6...e6 is normal. ]

7.Ne6 fxe6 8.Bg6#

B17Kamsky,GKarpov,A

Dortmund 1993[traps]

1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Nd7 5.Ng5 Ngf6 6.Bd3 e6 7.N1f3 Bd6 8.Qe2 h6 9.Ne4 Nxe4 10.Qxe4 Nf6 11.Qh4 Ke7 12.Ne5 Bxe5 13.dxe5 Qa5+ 14.c3 Qxe5+

B17Kamsky,GKarpov,A

Dortmund 1993[traps]

1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Nd7 5.Ng5 Ngf6 6.Bd3 e6 7.N1f3 Bd6 8.Qe2 h6 9.Ne4 Nxe4 10.Qxe4 Nf6 11.Qh4This position had been reached in manygames.This fact makes Karpov's next moveeven more amazing.

[ 11.Qe2 This move is still thought to givewhite a small advantage. ]

11...Ke7!! Protecting the h8 rook andthreatening ...g5.An amazing openning trap!

[ 11...g5 12.Bxg5 hxg5 13.Qxh8+wins for white. ]

12.Ne5 [ 12.0-0 g5 13.Qh3 g4 wins for black. ]

12...Bxe5 13.dxe5 Qa5+ 14.c3 Qxe5+and Karpov was a pawn up.Although theposition was still tecnically difficult ,hemanaged to win in 49 moves.


20−Oct−2012


1.e4 c5 The Sicilian defence. 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 It is normally not advisable to exchange acentral pawn with one outside the center.Thismove though, may be the only effective way tofight for an advantage against the sicilian.

cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 6.Bc4 g6 7.Nxc6 bxc6 8.e5 dxe5

[ 8...Ng4 is better 9.exd6 Qxd6 10.Qxd6 exd6 with a slight advantage to white. ]

9.Bxf7+ Kxf7 10.Qxd8 winning

A40Openning traps[traps]

1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 Nc6 3.Nf3 Qe7 4.Bf4 [ 4.Nc3 was possible.A word of advice-If youdo not know the oppening theory,do notcapture more than one pawn or trydefending them. Nxe5 5.Nd5 Nxf3+ 6.gxf3

Qd8 7.Qd4 with good central control. ] 4...Qb4+ 5.Bd2 Qxb2 6.Bc3

[ 6.Nc3 with a big lead in development isbetter. ]

6...Bb4 7.Qd2 Bxc3 8.Qxc3 Qc1#

D20Openning traps[traps]

1.d4 d5 2.c4 The queens gambit.white offersthe c-pawn for the central d pawn.Aninteresting strategy for central control. dxc4The queens gambit accepted.

[ 2...e6 would be a queens gambitdeclined. ]

3.e3 b5 An attempt to hold on to the pawn.Remember that if you do not know the theory,you should not try such.

[ 3...Nf6 4.Bxc4 e6 5.Nf3 c5 is normaltheory. ]

4.a4 c6 [ 4...Bd7 5.axb5 Bxb5 6.b3 Nf6 7.bxc4with a strong center. ]

5.axb5 cxb5 6.Qf3 with a winning position.


1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7This is a very sly move.Black blocks thequeen's defence of d5 and does not break thepin. 5.cxd5 exd5 6.Nxd5?

[ 6.e3 is the normal move. ] 6...Nxd5 7.Bxd8 Bb4+! White is forced todeal with this extremly annoying check. 8.Qd2

Bxd2+ 9.Kxd2 Kxd8 and black is a piece up.


1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.e3 c6 6.Nf3 Qa5 The cambridge springsvariation. 7.Bd3

[ 7.Nd2 is the mainline. dxc4 8.Bxf6 Nxf6 9.Nxc4 with an advantage. ]

7...dxc4 8.Bxc4 Ne4 9.Bf4 Nxc3 10.bxc3 Qxc3+ Winning a pawn.

A51Openning traps[traps]

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 The Budapest gambit. 3.dxe5 Ne4 4.Nf3 Nc6 5.a3 d6 6.exd6

[ 6.Qc2 Is the theoretical move. If Bf5 7.Nc3 Ng3 8.e4 Nxh1 9.exf5 dxe5 10.Be3with a good position for white since she willbe able to win the knight on h1 in a fewmoves. ]

6...Bxd6 7.g3?? [ 7.e3 Bf5 8.Be2 Qf6 9.0-0 0-0-0would be better for black. ]

7...Nxf2 8.Kxf2 Bxg3+ 9.hxg3 Qxd1winning

E30Openning traps[traps]

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 The Nimzo-Indian defence. 4.Bg5 The Leningrad


20−Oct−2012

variation. c5 5.e3? [ 5.d5 is the normal move ]

5...Qa5 6.Nge2 Ne4 7.Bf4 Nxc3 8.bxc3 Bxc3+ 9.Nxc3 Qxc3+ 10.Ke2 Qxc4+ 11.Kf3 Qd5+ with a big advantage to black.

E73Openning traps[traps]

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6The Kings Indian defence. 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5The Averbakh system. e5?

[ 6...Nbd7 should instead be played. ] 7.dxe5 dxe5 8.Qxd8 Rxd8 9.Nd5 Nbd7 10.Nxc7 Rb8 11.0-0-0 with a winningposition.

Intermediary−Pawns[positional chess]

Chess strategy is divided into two importantparts.Tactics and Positional play.The mainingredient of positional chess is the pawns.Pawn formations and structures help us toformulate plans and strategies.This is due tothe fact that pawns cannot move backwards.This very important detail makes it difficult tochange pawn formations.

Weak pawn(definition)[positional chess]

Let us first look at some definitions before welook at the different pawn structures.A weakpawn by definition, is a pawn that cannot beprotected by another pawn.We consider thisfirst before we look at whether it can beattacked or not.

A00

A00

A19Kortschnoj,Viktor 2665Karpov,Anatoly 2725

World Championship 29th (29) 07.10.1978[weak c−5 pawn method]

Weak pawns 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 c5 4.e5 Ng8 5.d4 cxd4 6.Qxd4 Nc6 7.Qe4 d6 8.Nf3 dxe5 9.Nxe5 Nf6 10.Nxc6 Qb6 11.Qf3 bxc6

��5+6+�26�05��-.�+�+.-..��+7.+.:9�+��+�+�+�+��+/+�+�+��+�:4�+Q+��/-/�+�-//-/��01�23��3+1� !"#$%&'()*

white has an advantage due to the weak c6pawn.let us observe how Korchnoi proceeds

12.Be2 Bb7 13.0-0 c5 14.Qh3 Be7

(Diagram)

15.Bf3 A strong move.Black's white squaredbishop is active and controls the center.Whitewants to exchange this strong piece. 0-0

16.b3 Rfd8 17.Be3 Bc6

(Diagram)

18.Na4 Putting pressure on the weak c5pawn will force black to be tied down to it'sdefence. Qc7

19.Bxc6 Qxc6 20.Rad1 White continues with the plan ofexchanging the opponent's most active pieces.The rook on d8 was also controlling the d-file.


20−Oct−2012

��5+�+�+�05��-.6+�26.-..��+7�+.:9�+��+�-.�+�+��+/+�+�+��+�:4�+�+Q��/-/�+3-//-/��01�23�+1�� !"#$%&'()*��5+�05�+�+��-.�+�26.-..��+76+.:9�+��+�-.�+�+��+/+�+�+��+/:4�233+Q��/+�+�-//-/��01�+�+1�� !"#$%&'()*��5+�05�+�+��-.�+7�26.-..��+6+.:9�+��+�-.�+�+��4+/+�+�+��+/+�233+Q��/+�+�-//-/��01�+�+1�� !"#$%&'()*

��5+�05�+�+��-.�+�26.-..��+7+.:9�+��+�-.�+�+��4+/+�+�+��+/+�23�+Q��/+�+�-//-/��01�+�+1�� !"#$%&'()*

since this is the only open file in the game,itwill be of importance to control it. Rac8

21.Qg3 Bd6 22.Qh4 Be7 23.f3 Kf8 24.Qf2

��+505��+�8�-.�+�26.-..��+7+.:9�+��+�-.�+�+��4+/+�+�+��+/+�23/+��/+�+�+Q/-/��+�+1+1��!"#$%&'()*

23.f3 followed by *f2 was a very strong idea.Attacking the e4 square and threatening thec5 pawn.Karpov is now forced to give the d-fileso as not to lose material. Rxd1 25.Rxd1

Qc7

(Diagram)

26.Qg3! The black queen has now becomean important defensive piece,so it isexchanged. Qxg3 27.hxg3 h5 28.Kf2 Ke8

29.Ke2 g6 30.Nc3 a6 31.Na4 Rc6


20−Oct−2012

��+5+��+��-.�+7�26.-..��+�+.:9�+��+�-.�+�+��4+/+�+�+��+/+�23/+��/+�+�+Q/-/��+�+1+�� !"#$%&'()*��+5+�+�+�8�-.�+�26.+��+�+.:9.+��+�-.�+�+.��+/+�+�+��+/:4�23/-/��/+�+�+/+��+�+1+�+��!"#$%&'()*��+5+�+�+�8�+�+�26.+��.+�+.:9.+��+�-.�+�+.��4+/+�+�+��+/+�23/-/��/+�+�+/+��+�+1+�+��!"#$%&'()* [ 31...Nd7 32.Bf4 ]

32.Rh1

��+�+�+�+�8�+�+�26.+��.+5+.:9.+��+�-.�+�+.��4+/+�+�+��+/+�23/-/��/+�+�+/+��+�+�+�+1�!"#$%&'()*

Black is tied down to the defence of the c5pawn and cannot fight for the d-file.An open-file becomes most effective if you can placeyour rook as far as possible into theopponent's territory.Korchnoi has realised thathe cannot penetrate via the d-file,he thusprepares to enter via the h-file. Bd6 33.Bf2

Nd7 34.g4 hxg4 35.Rh8+ Ke7 36.fxg4 g5 37.Be3 f6 38.Nc3 Kf7

[If 38...Ne5 39.Ne4 Nxg4 40.Rh7+ Ke8 41.Nxd6+ Rxd6 42.Bxc5 With a goodposition for white ]

39.Rh7+ Ke8 40.Ne4 Be7 41.Rh6 Kf7 42.Rh7+ Kf8 43.Rh8+ Kf7 44.Bd2

(Diagram)

White is tryin to keep the black pieces aspassive a s possible,whilst attempting tocreate a second target to attack. Nf8 45.Rh1

Kg6 46.Rd1 f5 White has now madesignificant progress since black's g5 pawn hasalso become weak. 47.Nf2 Bd6 48.Bc3 Nd7

49.gxf5+ exf5 50.g4! Making sure that theg5 pawn remains on a black square.Thismakes it easier for white to attack,since hehas a darksquared bishop. Nb6 51.Kf3 Be7

52.Ba5 Rf6 53.Kg2 fxg4 54.Nxg4 Re6 55.Kf3 Black has a new problem.The knighton b6 is not well placed and cannot be easilymoved to a better position. Bf6 56.Nxf6

Rxf6+ 57.Kg4 Nc8 58.Bd8 Rf4+ 59.Kg3AThreatening 60.0d5 Rf5 60.a4 Kf7 61.Rd3


20−Oct−2012

��+�+�+�01�8�+�+926�+��.+5+.-.�+��+�-.�+�-.��+/+4+/+��+/+�+�+��/+�23�+/+��+�+�+�+��!"#$%&'()*

Re5 62.Kg4 Kg6 63.a5 Re4+ 64.Kf3 Rf4+ 65.Ke3 Rh4 66.Rd5 Rh3+ 67.Kd2 Rxb3 68.Rxc5 Rb8 69.Rc6+ Kf5 70.Rxa6The black knight is still traped. g4 71.Rf6+

Ke4 72.Bc7 Rb2+ 73.Kc3 Rb7 74.Bh2 Rh7 75.Bb8 Rb7 76.Bg3 Rb1 77.Rf4+ Ke3 78.Rf8 Ne7 79.a6 The a-pawn cannotbe stoped.Game Summary.This game was about the explotation of theweak c5 pawn.Korchnoi increased thepressure by exchanging Karpov's activepieces that would help defensively.15.3f3 toexchange black's better bishop.26.*g3 toexchange black's most important defensivepiece.Then finally 50.g4 fixing black's g5 pawn.1-0

D32Reshevsky,Samuel HermanFischer,Robert James

USA−ch New York (5) 21.12.1963[position of weak pawns]

1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.e3 d5 7.cxd5 exd5 8.Be2 Bd6 9.0-0 0-0 10.Nf3 Bg4 11.g3

[ 11.b3 Rc8 12.Bb2 Re8 would leave blackbetter with a slightly better game due tomore central control. ]

11...Bb4 12.Bd2 Ne4 13.a3 Bxc3 14.Bxc3 Nxc3 15.bxc3 Rc8 Black has a weak pawnon d5,whilst white has weakneses on a3 and

c3.The white pawns are easier to attack sinceblack can defend the d5 isolated pawn withthe white squared bishop. 16.Rb1 b6 17.Rb5

Qe7 18.a4 Be6 19.Qa1 Qf6 20.Kg2 Na5 21.Nd4 Nb7 22.Rb4 Nd6 23.a5 Ne4Fischer has manoevred the knight from c6 toe4 to put pressure on the c3 pawn.Reshevskydecides not to defend c3,since it wouldcondemn the defending piece to inactivity.

24.axb6 axb6 25.Qb2 Nxc3 26.Ba6 Rc5 27.Kg1

[ 27.Rxb6 Na4 28.Qb4 Bh3+ 29.Kxh3 Qxb6 30.Qxa4 Ra5 wins for black. ]

27...Bh3 White's kingside has been slightlyweakened.Fischer uses this weakness togenerate threats. 28.Ra1 b5 29.Bxb5 Nxb5

30.Rxb5 Rxb5 31.Qxb5 Qe5 Threatening...*e4. 32.Re1 h5! A goodmove that fulfils twopurposes.Attacking the white king anddefending against any backrank mates againsthis own king. 33.Nc6 Qc3 34.Rb1

[ 34.Rd1 was better Re8 35.Qxd5 Bg4 36.Rf1 Bh3 would have been roughly equaldue to white's weakened kingside. ]

34...Qc2 35.Ne7+ Kh8 36.Nxd5 Rc8 37.Nc3?

[ 37.Qb4 Rc4 38.Qe1 Bg4 39.Nf4 Bf3with compensation for the pawn. ]

37...Rxc3 38.Qxh5+ Kg8 39.Rb8+ Rc8 40.Rxc8+ Bxc8 41.Kf1 Ba6+ 42.Ke1 Qc3+ 43.Kd1 Qd3+ 44.Kc1 Qc3+ 45.Kd1 Bc4 46.Qf3 Bb3+ 47.Ke2 Qc4+ This gameshows that the position of weak pawns canchange the assasment of the position.Although black had a weak pawn on d5,whitesweak pawns on a3 and c3 were easier toattack because black had a white squaredbishop to defend d5.Game Summary.Fisher played 20...4a5 tomanoevre the knight to e4 to put futherpressure on c3. 32...h5! was an importantmove,openning for the king and getting readyto attack whites kingside position which wasweakened by the pawn on g3.0-1


20−Oct−2012

C71Boleslavsky,IsaakFine,Reuben

USA−URS radio m (2) 1945[doubled pawns − to be immobilze]

Doubled Pawns 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 d6 5.c4 Bd7 6.Nc3 g6 7.d4 exd4 8.Nxd4 Bg7 9.Nxc6 bxc6 10.0-0 Ne7 11.c5! A very strong move.Black hasdoubled pawns and white makes sure thatthey cannot be mobilised to control moresquares in the center.Doubled pawns are awekness by definition,but can be strong ifallowed to control important central squares.

Nc8 [ 11...d5 12.exd5 cxd5 13.Nxd5 Nxd5 14.Qxd5 Bxa4 15.Qe4+ wins a pawn ]

12.Be3 [ 12.cxd6 would be a mistake since it wouldallow black to 'fix' the pawns with... cxd6 ]

12...0-0 13.Qd2 Qe7 14.Rad1 Be8 15.f4 f5This is an interesting move.The pawn on f5will be weak,but will control the important e4square. 16.exf5 gxf5 17.Rfe1 dxc5Black has to sooner or later play this move toactivate the knight on c8. 18.Qf2 Nd6

19.Bxc5 White has a big advantage since thedoubled pawns have now been isolated ,thuseasy to attack Qd8 20.Bd4! We shouldalways remember to exchange our opponent'sactive pieces so as to increase our advantage.The g7 bishop is controling d4 and e5,whichmay be later used by white as importantoutposts. Bxd4 21.Qxd4 Qf6 22.Bb3+ Kh8

23.Qxf6+! Black's kingside is weak and whitecould have been tempted to keep the queenon the board and play for mate.Exchangingqueens is the right decision since black'squeen was the most active defensive piece.

Rxf6 24.Re7 It is important to place our rookson the 7th rank since they then have moresquares to attack in our opponent's camp.

Rc8 25.Rde1 Bg6 26.R1e6 The rook on f6is more active that the c8 rook and is thusexchanged. Rxe6 27.Bxe6 Re8 28.Rxe8+

Bxe8 29.Na4 All of black's pawns are weakand will be easy to attack. Kg7 30.Nc5 a5

31.Kf2 You should always centralize your kingin the endgame.With less pieces it becomesdifficult for it to be checkmated and so

becomes an extra piece! Bf7 32.Bxf7 Kxf7 33.b3 h5 34.Ke2 Ke7 35.Ke3 Nb5 36.Nb7It is all over. c5 37.Nxa5 Kd6 38.Nc4+ Kd5

39.Kd3 Nd6 40.Nxd6 cxd6 41.a3This game shows us the importance of notallowing doubled pawns to become mobilecontrolling important central squares.Game Summary:11.c5 was an important move stopping thepawns from being mobile and forcing black'spieces to move to less active squares.AfterBoleslavsky had gained an advantage,heplayed 20.3d4! to axchange black's active g7bishop.23 *xf6 exchanging queens was anaccurate move since Fine's queen hadbecome an important defensive piece.1-0

D85Podgorny,JiriPachman,Ludek

CSR−ch Prague (10) 1954[doubled pawns − mobile & static]

Doubled Pawns 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 Nb6 An example ofhypermodern central play.Black is planning toplace pressure on the 'weak' d4 pawn. 6.Be3

Bg7 7.Qd2 0-0 8.Rd1 e5 9.Nf3 Bg4 10.dxe5 Qxd2+ 11.Rxd2 Nc6 12.Be2 Bxf3 13.gxf3

[ 13.Bxf3 Nc4 14.Rd7 Nxe3 15.fxe3 Bxe5with a huge advantage for black ]

13...Nxe5 14.Bxb6 This is not a good idea,since it leaves whites dark squares without thebishop.The dark squared bishop wasimportant to support the pawns after the f4and e5 advances.

[White should have used the chance tomobilise the doubled pawns by playing.

14.f4 Nec4 (If 14...Nc6 15.e5 with goodcentral control and the better position. )

15.Rc2 Nxb2 16.Nb5 c6 17.Nd6with a complicated struggle that wouldslightly favour white. ]

14...axb6 15.0-0 c6 Even though black'sdoubled pawns are not near the center,theyare preferable compared to white's,why?It iseasier to mobilise them with ...b5 followed byb4 condemning the centralized c3 knight to a


20−Oct−2012

weaker square. 16.Rfd1 [ 16.a4 Bh6 17.Rd4 Rfd8 18.Rb4 b5! 19.axb5 c5! 20.Rb3 c4 21.Ra3 Rxa3 22.bxa3 Nxf3+ 23.Bxf3 Rd3 would havebeen the ultimate strategic triumpf of thedoubled pawns! ]

[ 16.f4 Bh6 Loses material. ] 16...g5! fixing white's doubled pawns andgetting ready to push...b5. 17.a3 b5 18.Na2

Rfe8 19.Nb4 Bf8! Black wants to transfer thebishop to a more effective diagonal. 20.Nc2

Bc5 21.Ne3 Kf8 22.Nf5 b4! Black is readyto use the a-file to attack the weak b2 pawn.

23.axb4 Bxb4 24.Rd4 Bc5 25.R4d2 Ra2 26.h4 Bb4 27.Rc2 f6 28.hxg5 fxg5 29.Ng3 Rea8 30.Nh5 Ra1 which was themore active white rook?the d1 rook ofcourse.

31.Rcc1 Rxc1 32.Rxc1 Ke7 33.Rd1 Ra2 34.Rb1 Bd2! Still preventing white fromplaying the relieving f4 advance. 35.Kg2 b5

36.Ng3 Kf6 37.Nf1 Bc3 38.Bxb5 Bxb2 39.Be2 Bd4 40.Rd1 Ng6 41.Rxd4 Nf4+ 42.Kh1 Nxe2 43.Rd1 Rc2 44.Kh2 Nf4 45.Kg3 h5 46.Ne3 Rc1 47.Rd6+ Ke5 48.Rd8 Rh1 ....0h3 mate is the threat. 49.Nc4+ Ke6 This game shows the differencein strength between static and mobile doubledpawns.It is of vital importance to mobilise yourdoubled pawns before they get fixed and thusa weaknes.Game Summary:Before black could mobilise his pawns,hemade sure that white could not do the same.16...g5 was a good move fixing the pawns.Thenight on e5 was on a very important square ,so 19...3f8 transfering the bishop to a betterdiagonal was strong.After achieving adominant position 30...0a1 to exchange the d1rook that controls the d-file was accurate.0-1

Isolated Pawn[isolated pawn]

(Diagram)

Positions with the Isolated d-pawn arestrategicaly rich and should be well studied forboth sides.Let us look at the different plans in

��5+6+7�05�+��-..+�26.-..��+9+.:9�+��+�+�+�+��+�-/�+�+��+�:43+4+��/-/�+�-//-/��01�23Q+1�� !"#$%&'()*

such positions.Against-Black will try toblockade the pawn exchanging pieces toreach an endgame where the pawn can beeasily attacked and won.With the Isolated pawn.The side with the Isolani has more space dueto the two open-files next to the pawn.This factmakes piece activity possible with manypossibilities for a kingside attack.Here are the different plans.1.Advance and exchange the isolated pawn,using the space available to launch an attack.2.Using e5 as a base for the knight.2a.f4-f5 push.2b Rooklift via the 3rd rank.3.Using the a2-g8 and b1-h7 diagonals for anattack.

E54Dolmatov,SLarsen,B

Amsterdam 1980[advance isolani & use space]

30/669 Advancing the pawn and using thespace. 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4

Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Nf3 Bb4 7.Bd3 dxc4 8.Bxc4 0-0 9.0-0 a6 10.a3 Be7 11.Ba2 b5

[Better was 11...Nc6 ] 12.d5 The side with the isolated pawn shouldalways first plan for the advance of this pawn,since then all the spacial advantages remainwithout the disadvantages of the isolated


20−Oct−2012

pawn. exd5 13.Nxd5 Bb7 [ 13...Nxd5 14.Qxd5 Qxd5 15.Bxd5 Ra7 16.Re1 Leaves black cramped andundeveloped. ]

[ 13...Bd6 14.Nxf6+ Qxf6 15.Bg5 Qg6 16.Bb1 Qe6 17.Qd3 g6 18.Ba2 Qd7 19.Rad1 Bxh2+ 20.Nxh2 Qxd3 21.Rxd3 Nc6 22.Nf3 ]

14.Nxe7+ This bishop is important toexchange since it protects the weak blacksquares. Qxe7 15.Bg5 Nbd7 16.Re1White controls all the important lines.E-file,a2-g8 diagonal and black squares! Qc5 17.Be3

Qf5 18.Nh4 Qe4 19.Bg5 The queen has norefuge and white wins important temposchasing it. Qc6 20.Rc1 Qb6 21.Be3 Qd8

22.Nf5 The knight is headed for d6,where itwill unco-ordinate black's pieces. Be4 23.Nd6

Bg6 24.Qd4 The white squared bishop hasbeen forced to move to an inferior diagonal.White now centralizes the queen. Qb8 25.f4

Rd8 26.f5 Bh5 27.h3 Nb6 28.Qxb6 Qxb6 29.Bxb6 Rxd6 30.Be3 The bishop is lost.Agood example of how to use the spacialadvantage to gain an edge.Game Summary:White exchanged the Isolated pawn infavourable circumstances by advancing 16.d5.After having an advantage white exchangedblack's important defensive piece with 14.4xe7.White chased black's queen whilstplacing his pieces on better squares.thesemoves were 16.0e1 and 19.3g5.Finally whitecentralised his pieces with 22.4f5 and 24.*d4.1-0

E57Portisch,Lajos 2635Bilek,Istvan 2495

HUN−ch Hungary 1975[advance isolani & use space]

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c5 5.Bd3 0-0 6.Nf3 cxd4 7.exd4 d5 8.0-0 dxc4 9.Bxc4 Nc6 10.Bg5 Be7 11.a3A strong and typical move in such positions.11.a3 prevents the blockading manoevre 11...4b4 followed by ...4bd5 and allows thebishop to be dropped back to a2.From a2 thebishop supports the d5 advance and may join

in the attack with a later .3b1 followed by *d3initiating threats on the b1-h7 diagonal. a6

12.Qd3 b5 13.Ba2 Bb7 14.Rad1 Rc8 15.Rfe1

[ 15.d5 Would not work well here Nxd5 16.Bb1 g6 17.Bh6 Na5 18.Bxf8 Qxf8 19.Nxd5 Bxd5 20.Rfe1 Nc4 21.Qe2 Bf6Black has a good position for the slightmaterial deficit. ]

15...Re8 16.Bxf6 Bxf6 17.d5 It is now theright time for the push. exd5 18.Rxe8+ Qxe8

19.Nxd5 Black has the two bishops,but notenough space to utilise them. Bd8

[ 19...Bxb2 20.Ng5 g6 21.Nf6+ Bxf6 22.Bxf7+ would be a disaster for black.Wesee how dangerous white's control of the a2-g8 diagonal can be. ]

[ 19...Qd8 20.Qf5 Bxb2 21.Ng5is also a problem. ]

20.Re1 Black has no space and is beingquickly pushed to an even more inferiourposition. Qf8 21.Qf5 Na5 22.Ne5 g6

23.Qd7 Threatening 24.b4 winning a piece. Bxd5 24.Qxc8 Game Summary: Whiteplayed the strong and typical move 11.a3 toprevent black's blockading manoevre startingwith11...4b4 followed by ...4bd5.This movealso allows the bishop to be dropped back toa2,where it supports the d5 advance and alsothe kingside attack starting with.*d3 followedby 3b1.White then centralized the rooks with14.Rad1 and 15.Rfe1 to support the centraladvance.1-0

E57Jussupow,Artur 2655Lobron,Eric 2590

Nussloch (9) 1996[attack on a2−g8 & b1−h7 diagonals]

Attack on the a2-g8 and b1-h7 diagonals. 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 0-0 5.Bd3 d5 6.Nf3 c5 7.0-0 cxd4 8.exd4 dxc4 9.Bxc4 b6 10.Re1 Bb7 11.Bd3 Nc6 12.a3 Be7 13.Bc2 Re8 14.Qd3 g6 15.h4This move has two functions,to secure g5 fora piece and to advance h5 at an appropriatemoment weakening black's kingside. Qd6

16.Bg5 Rad8 17.Rad1 Qb8


20−Oct−2012

[ 17...Nd5 18.Ne4 Qc7 19.Bb3 with strongpressure ]

18.Bb3 The g6 move has blocked the b1-h7diagonal,it also weakened black squaresaround the king.White now switches to the a2-g8 diagonal. a6

[ 18...Na5 19.Ba2 Qa8 20.Ne5 Bxg2 21.Nxf7 Kxf7 22.Bxe6+ Kg7 23.d5would be a typical dangerous attack on thea2 -g8 diagonal. ]

19.d5 Na5 [ 19...exd5 20.Rxe7 Nxe7 21.Bxf6is not what black wants. ]

20.dxe6!! All of whites pieces are ready forthis sacrificial attack! Nxb3

[ 20...Rxd3 21.exf7+ Kg7 22.fxe8Q Qxe8 23.Rxd3 Nxb3 24.Rde3 Kf7 25.Bxf6 Kxf6 26.Re6+ Kf7 27.Ng5+ Kf8 28.Nxh7+ Kf7 29.Ng5+ Kf8 30.Rxb6 is good for white ]

21.exf7+ Kxf7 22.Qc4+ Kg7 23.Ne5 Ng8 [ 23...Nd5 24.Nxd5 Bxg5 25.Qxb3 Bxh4 26.Qc3 Kg8 27.Ng4 wins for white. ]

24.Rxd8 Qxd8 25.Qf7+ Kh8 26.Qxb3 Qd4 27.Re3 Rf8 28.Bxe7 Game Summary: Whiteplays 15.h4 to secure the g5 square for thebishop and to be ready to further weaken theb1-h7 diagonal with a possible h5.With183b3white switched the attack to the a2-g8diagonal,this switch becomes very strong if theopponent has been forced to weaken thekingside e.g 14...g6 .When white was ready toreap the rewards of the good position 20.dxe6!! was very strong.1-0

D40Boudy,JSzilagyi,Gy

Varna 1979[attack on a2−g8 & b1−h7 diagonals]

27/202 Attack on the a2-g8 and b1-h7diagonal. 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5

4.c4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Nf3 Be7 7.Bd3 dxc4 8.Bxc4 Nc6 9.0-0 0-0 10.a3 a6 11.Re1 b5 12.Ba2 Bb7 13.Bg5 b4 14.Na4! A nice wayto fight for the initiative!White sacrifices apawn to be able to advance the d-pawn.Thisadvance will be even stronger due to thepossible attack on the a2-g8 diagonal

supported by the bishop on a2. bxa3 15.bxa3 Bxa3 16.d5 exd5

[ 16...Nb4 17.Bb1 h6 18.Bxf6 Qxf6 19.Rxa3 wins for white. ]

17.Bxf6 Qxf6 18.Nb6 Rad8 19.Nxd5 Qd6 20.Ng5 Bb4

[ 20...Qh6 was a better defensive try. ] 21.Qb1 Qg6 22.Nxf7 Bxe1

[ 22...Qxb1 23.Rexb1 Kxf7 24.Nxb4+ Kg6 25.Bd5 Rf6 26.Be4+ Kh6 27.Ra3 g6 28.Nxa6 ] [ 22...Rxf7 23.Nxb4 Nxb4 24.Bxf7+ Kxf7 25.Re7+ Kxe7 26.Qxb4+ Kf7 27.Qxb7+ Kg8 28.g3 with good winning chances forwhite. ]

23.Nf6+ Qxf6 [ 23...gxf6 24.Ne5+ ]

24.Ng5+ Rf7 25.Bxf7+ Kf8 26.Nxh7+Game Summary: White plays 14.4a4sacrificing the pawn to play the quick d5 pushfighting for the initiative.The move 20.4g5 wasvery strong combining dual threats on the a2-g8 and b1-h7 diagonals.This attack was toostrong for black to resist.1-0

The e5 outpost[isolated pawn]

��5:96+7�05�+��-..+�26.-..��+�+.:9�+��+�+�+�23��+3-/�+�+��+�:4�+4+��/-/�+�-//-/��01�+Q+1�� !"#$%&'()*

The attacking side can also use the e5 outpostfor the knight in preparation for attacks againstthe king.In such positions white has twomethods to strengthen the position.


20−Oct−2012

1.Push f4-f5 to open for the rook and toweaken the a2-g8 diagonal.2.Use the third rank to 'lift' the rook to akingside attack.

D60Botvinnik,MikhailVidmar,Milan Sr

Nottingham 1936[e5 outpost − f4 push]

1.c4 e6 2.Nf3 d5 3.d4 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.Nc3 0-0 6.e3 Nbd7 7.Bd3 c5 8.0-0 cxd4 9.exd4 dxc4 10.Bxc4 Nb6 11.Bb3 Bd7

[ 11...Nbd5 12.Ne5 Bd7 13.Qf3would also gurantee white and edge due tothe knight on the strong e5 outpost. ]

12.Qd3 Nbd5 13.Ne5 Since Vidmar hasmanaged to blockade the Isolated pawn andthe a2-g8 diagonal,Botvinnik uses e5 as anoutpost for the knight. Bc6 14.Rad1 Nb4

15.Qh3 Here the Queen keeps an eye on bothe6 and h7. Bd5 16.Nxd5

[ 16.Bxd5 would not be wise,since as wehave seen,the bishop is a very importantplayer in white's agressive intentions. ]

16...Nbxd5 17.f4! A great move that will afterf5 weaken the a2-g8 diagonal and involve thef1 rook in the attack! Rc8

[ 17...g6 18.Bh6 Re8 19.f5 exf5 20.Rxf5 Qc8 21.Bxd5 Qxf5 22.Qxf5 gxf5 23.Bxf7+ Kh8 24.Bxe8 Rxe8 25.Rf1 would be atriumpf of white's strategy. ]

18.f5 exf5 19.Rxf5 Qd6 [ 19...Rc7 would also offer no resistance. 20.Bh6! gxh6 21.Qxh6 Kh8 22.Rg5 Ne8 23.Bxd5 Bxg5 24.Qxf8# ]

20.Nxf7 Rxf7 21.Bxf6 Bxf6 [ 21...Nxf6 22.Rxf6 Bxf6 23.Qxc8++- ]

22.Rxd5 Qc6 23.Rd6 Qe8 24.Rd7A fine attacking game!Game Summary:White plays the strong 13.4e5,using e5 as an outpost.15.*h3 placedthe queen on an agressive position where shecould attack e6 and h7.17.f4! was the keyattacking move having two fuctions;1.To weaken the a2-g8 diagonal.2.To allow the f1 rook to enter the attack.1-0

D27Lerner,Konstantin Z 2485Kharitonov,Andrei Y 2455

URS−ch51 Lvov 1984[e5 outpost − f4 push]

1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 a6 4.e3 Nf6 5.Bxc4 e6 6.a4 c5 7.0-0 cxd4 8.exd4 Nc6 9.Nc3 Be7 10.Be3 0-0 11.Qe2 b6 12.Rad1 Nb4 13.Ne5 Bb7 14.f4 Nbd5

[ 14...g6 was black's last chance to stop theattack 15.f5! exf5 16.Bh6 Qd6 17.Bxf8

Rxf8 with some compensation for thesacrificed exchange. ]

15.f5 Qd6 16.Bg5 a goodmove that plans toeliminate some of black's important kingsidedefenders. Nxc3 17.bxc3 Ne4

[ 17...Bd5 18.Bd3 exf5 19.Rxf5 Be6 20.Rxf6 gxf6 21.Qh5 f5 22.Bh6would not help ]

18.Bxe7 Qxe7 19.Qg4 Nf6 20.Qh3a strong and typical manoevre,placing thequeen on a good attacking position. exf5

21.Qxf5 Be4 22.Qg5 Bg6 23.Rf3 Qc7 24.Rh3 Rfe8 25.Bb3 Rxe5 desperation.white has a won game already.

[ 25...Re7 26.Nxg6 hxg6 27.Qxg6 Rae8 28.Rg3 would be too many pins for black tohandle. ]

26.Qxe5 Qd7 27.Re3 Re8 28.Qf4 Rc8 29.Rde1 b5 30.axb5 axb5 31.h3 Qc6 32.Qf3 Qb6 33.Re5 b4 34.Qe3 h6 35.c4 Kh7 36.c5 Qc6 Game Summary: White usedthe e5 outpost to start a kingside attack with14.f4.Since white needed to attack black'sking,16.3g5 and the manoevre 19.*g4-h3were the key ideas helping achieving this.1-0

D42Keene,RMiles,A

Hastings 1976[e5 outpost & rook lift]

The rook lift via the third rank. 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.Nc3 Nc6 4.e3 e6 5.d4 d5 6.cxd5 Nxd5 7.Bd3 cxd4 8.exd4 Be7 9.0-0 0-0 10.Re1 Nf6 11.Bg5 Nb4This is a typical manoevre by the defending


20−Oct−2012

��5+6+7�05�+��-..+�26.-..��+�+.:9�+��+�+�+�23��:9�-/�+�+��+�:43+4+��/-/�+�-//-/��01�+Q01�� !"#$%&'()*

side.Wanting to blockade the isolated pawnwith the b-night. 12.Bb1 This is strong.Whitedoes not worry about temporarily boxing thea1 rook in,the bishop is too important to beexchanged. b6 13.Ne5

[ 13.a3 would not be a useful move,sinceblack wants to move the knight to d5 anyway.

] 13...Bb7 14.Re3 The rook enters the battlevia the third rank.Depending on circumstances,the rook will attack from either g3 or h3.

[ 14.f4 would not be so strong here.white'spieces are not ideally placed to carry out thef5 advance after g6 ]

14...g6 [ 14...h6 would have been suicidal. 15.Bxh6 gxh6 16.Rg3+ Kh8 17.Qd2 Ng8 18.Rxg8+ Kxg8 19.Qxh6 f5 20.Qxe6+ Kg7 21.Qg6+ Kh8 22.Bxf5 Rxf5 23.Qxf5 with a winningattack ]

15.Rg3 Rc8 16.Bh6 Re8 17.a3 Nc6 [ 17...Nbd5 would allow a crushing matingattack 18.Bxg6!! hxg6 19.Qd3 Bf8

20.Rxg6+ fxg6 21.Qxg6+ Kh8 22.Nf7# ] 18.Nxg6!! This attack works because blackhas practically only the knight on f6 defendingthe king. hxg6 19.Bxg6 fxg6 20.Qb1 Ne5

21.dxe5 Ne4 22.Nxe4 Kh7 23.Nf6+ Bxf6 24.Qxg6+ Kh8 25.Bg7+ Bxg7 26.Qxg7#A very beautiful game.Game Summary: White plays 12.3b1 notallowing the exchange of this powerful piece.Then white uses the outpost by playing 13.4e5.White recognises that the f4 advance

would not be too useful in the position,usesthe rook lift to bring an extra attacker to thekingside,14.0e3.When white was ready 18.4xg6!! was crushing.1-0

D27Osnos,Viatcheslav 2490Pohla,Harry 2200

URS−ch otbor 1977[e5 outpost & rook lift]

1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.e3 e6 5.Bxc4 c5 6.0-0 a6 7.a4 cxd4 8.exd4 Nc6 9.Nc3 Be7 10.Re1 0-0 11.Bg5 Bd7 12.Qe2 Nb4 13.Ne5 This is a verydangerous set-up by white.all the pressure ison the a2-g8 diagonal . Be8 this is a typicaldefensive manoevre defending f7.

[If 13...Bc6 14.Nxf7 Kxf7 ( 14...Rxf7 15.Qxe6 Nbd5 16.Bxf6 Bxf6 17.Nxd5 Bxd5 18.Bxd5+- ) 15.Bxe6+ Ke8 16.d5 Bd7 17.d6 Bxd6 18.Rad1 Qc7 19.Bxd7+ Kxd7 20.Qe6+ Kc6 21.Nb5 axb5 22.Rxd6+ Qxd6 23.Rc1+ wins ]

14.Rad1 Nfd5 [ 14...Nbd5 15.Nxd5 exd5 16.Bb3Leaves the d5 pawn vulnerable. ]

15.Nxd5 exd5 [ 15...Nxd5 does not work 16.Bxe7 Nxe7 17.Qe4 Bxa4 18.Nxf7 Rxf7 19.Qxe6with an advantage to white. ]

16.Bxe7 Qxe7 17.Bb3 The pawn on d5ensures white an advantage.This pawn iseasier for white to attack than the d4 pawn isfor black.White has a light squared bishop andblack's bishop is also restricted by the samed5 pawn. Rc8 18.Qg4 Qd8 19.Re3White lifts the rook via the third rank,ready foran irresistable attack on the black king.Noticethat black has no defenders on the kingside.

f6 An unfortunate weakening of the kingside. [better was 19...Rc7 after which white wouldstill be better,but black could have tried to ptup a stuborn defence. ]

20.Nf3 Bf7 21.Nh4 Rc7 22.Rde1Masterfuly bringing all the pieces to evenbetter squares before a final assault on theblack king. Kh8 23.Nf5 Bg6 24.Ne7 Bf7

25.Rg3 g6 26.Qf4 Kg7 27.Nf5+ Kh8


20−Oct−2012

28.Qh6 Be6 29.Nh4 The attack could not bestopped.A game that shows the difficulties thedefending side has when forced to have anisolated pawn on d5,on the same colouredsquare as black's white c8 bishop.Game Summary:White plays13.4e5combining the use of the e5 outpost withpressure on the a2-g8 diagonal and the e-file.Since black had no defenders on the kingside19.0e3 was a strong rooklift.Before going forthe final kingside assault white plays thepreperatory 22.0de1,ready to involve all thepieces in the attack.1-0

Against the Isolani[isolated pawn]

��5+�+7�05�+��+6+�26.-..��.+�+.:9�+��+.+9+�23��+�-/�+�+��-/�:43+4+��-/�+�-//-/��01�+Q+1�� !"#$%&'()*

We will now look at the plans the defendingside uses against the isolated pawn.1.Blockading the pawn and exchanging activepieces.2.Exchanging the c3 knight and blockadingusing the c4 square.3.Using the h1-a8 diagonal for counterplay.

C09Karpov,Anatoly 2645Kuzmin,Gennadi P 2565

Leningrad Interzonal (7) 1973[blockade & exchange pieces]

Blockading the Isolated pawn and exchangingactive pieces. 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 c5

4.exd5 exd5 5.Ngf3 Nc6 6.Bb5 Bd6 7.dxc5 Bxc5 8.0-0 Nge7 9.Nb3 Bd6 10.Bg5 Karpov plans to exchange black's d6bishop.This bishop is important for blacksattacking ideas against the king. 0-0 11.Bh4

Qc7 12.Bg3 Now the most active black piecewill be exchanged. Bxg3 13.hxg3 Bg4

14.Re1 Rad8 15.c3 Planning to blockade theisolani with 4bd4. Qb6 16.Bd3 Ng6

[ 16...d4 17.Bxh7+ Kxh7 18.Ng5+is not what black wants ]

17.Qc2 Bxf3 18.gxf3 Rd6 [ 18...d4 19.f4 dxc3 20.Qxc3 Leaves whitebetter,thanks to better central control andmore active pieces. ]

19.f4 Rfd8 20.a3 h5 Kuzmin wants to usethe h-file to attack Karpov's king.white nowmoves his knight to the kingside to assist indefending key squares.

[ 20...d4 White is ready to meet this advancewith 21.c4 with a better game ]

21.Kg2 h4 22.Re2 Nf8 23.Nd2 Rh6 24.Nf3 hxg3 25.fxg3 Nd7 26.Rae1 Kf8

[ 26...Nf6 is met by the strong 27.g4! Ne4 28.g5 with a huge advantange to white. ]

27.g4 Qc7 28.g5 Rh8 29.Kg3! The kingassists in defending f4.White is much betterdue to more spacial control. Nc5 30.Bf5 g6

31.b4 Ne4+ [ 31...gxf5 32.bxc5 Qa5 33.Qxf5Leaves black with the weaker king. ]

32.Bxe4 dxe4 33.Qxe4 Kg7 34.b5 Na5 35.Qe7 Qxe7

[ 35...Qxc3 36.Re3 Qb2 37.Rb1! Qxb1 38.Qf6+ Kg8 39.Qxd8+ Kh7 40.Qxa5wins for white ]

36.Rxe7 Rd3 37.Rc7 Nb3 38.Kg4 Rf8 39.Ree7 There is no defence against 40.4e5.Game Summary:White plans to exchange black's most activepiece by playng 10.3g5 with the idea oftransfering the bishop to g3 via h4.Sinceadvancing the isolated pawn is black's main


20−Oct−2012

idea,Karpov plays 20.a3 planning to meet 20...d4 with 21.c4.After Kuzmin played for kingsideactivity,Karpov played 23.4d2 planning totransfer the knight to f3,from where it couldbetter defend the kingside.After getting anedge white plays 27.g4 to control more spaceand remove black's rook from the active h6square.1-0

C09Karpov,Anatoly 2660Uhlmann,Wolfgang 2560

Madrid (12) 11.12.1973[blockade & exchange pieces]

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 c5 4.exd5 exd5 5.Ngf3 Nc6 6.Bb5 Bd6 7.dxc5 Bxc5 8.0-0 Nge7 9.Nb3 Bd6 10.Bg5 0-0 11.Bh4 Bg4 12.Be2 Karpov still wants to swap-off the d6bishop,but first he neutralises black's attackingpotential.It is important to take the sting out ofthis pin and prepares to blockade the isolani.

[Black would have met 12.Bg3 Bxg3 with 13.hxg3 Qb6 14.Bd3 f5 15.Re1 f4with a dangerous attack for black ]

12...Bh5 13.Re1 Qb6 14.Nfd4 Bg6This bishop might become a liability,since it ison the same square as the d5 pawn(whichmay be blockaded and be thus static).

[It was better to exchange this 'bad' piece. 14...Bxe2 15.Rxe2 Rfe8 with a complicatedgame ]

15.c3 A good move that strengthens theblockade. Rfe8 16.Bf1 Be4 17.Bg3Having neutralised black's attacking potentialby centralising his pieces,Karpov nowexchanges the opponent's most active piece.

Bxg3 18.hxg3 a5 This move simply weakensthe b5 square and makes Karpov's task easier.It is important to be objective in our asassmentof our position and not try to play actively froman objectively worse position.

[ 18...Rad8 centralising the rook would havebeen a better try. ]

19.a4 Nxd4 20.Nxd4 Nc6 [ 20...Qxb2 Loses after 21.Nb5 Qc2 ( 21...Rec8 22.Re2 traps the queen! ) 22.Qxc2 Bxc2 23.Nc7 ]

21.Bb5 Red8 22.g4 Nxd4 23.Qxd4 Qxd4

24.cxd4 A triumpf of good strategy!Karpovhas exchanged Uhlmann's active pieces andleaves him with the 'bad' bishop.Notice thatthe d5 pawn condemns the bishop to a life ofinactivity,blocking it's movement. Rac8 25.f3

Bg6 26.Re7 In an endgame with rooks,it isimportant not only to control open files,but totry and invade the opponent's seventh rank.

b6 27.Rae1 h6 28.Rb7 Rd6 [ 28...Rc2 29.Re2 neutralise black'sattempts to control the seventh rank. Rxe2

30.Bxe2 Rd6 31.Bb5 with a hugeadvantage. ]

29.Ree7 h5 30.gxh5 Bxh5 31.g4 Bg6 32.f4 The bishop cannot even play the part ofa good defender! Rc1+ 33.Kf2 Rc2+ 34.Ke3

Be4 [ 34...Rxb2 35.f5 Bh7 36.Re8#is a disaster ]

35.Rxf7 Rg6 36.g5 Kh7 37.Rfe7 Rxb2 38.Be8 Rb3+ 39.Ke2 Rb2+ 40.Ke1 Rd6 41.Rxg7+ Kh8 42.Rge7 A good argument forthe blockade!Game Summary:White plays the important 12.3e2 breaking thepin thus neutralising black's agressiveintentions on the kingside.White furtherimproves his piece coordination,with useful'quiet'moves(13.0e1,15.c3,16.3f1).Havingdealt with tactics plays 17.3g3 to exchangethe opponent's most active piece and 23.*xd4to exchange the blak's most active defender.1-0

E54Taimanov,Mark EKarpov,Anatoly

Moscow−3teams (1.1) 24.04.1973[exchange knight & blocade backward pawn]

Exchanging the knight and blockading thebackward pawn. 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3

Bb4 4.e3 c5 5.Bd3 0-0 6.Nf3 d5 7.0-0 dxc4 8.Bxc4 cxd4 9.exd4 b6 10.Qe2 Bb7 11.Rd1 Nbd7 12.Bd2 Rc8 13.Ba6White plans to attack black's weakened whitesquares.It is doubtful if he should exchangehis strong white squared bishop for this. Bxa6

14.Qxa6 Bxc3 15.bxc3 [ 15.Bxc3 Qc7 16.Rac1 Nd5 17.Bd2 Qb8


20−Oct−2012

Leaves black with a good position.The pawnwould be blockaded and wite's remainingbishop is 'bad'. ]

15...Rc7 [Also possible was 15...Qc7 16.Rac1 Qc4with a good blockade on c4 ]

16.Rac1 Qc8 Black wants to blockade thebackward pawn on c3.Success with this planwill force the c and d pawns to be immobileand thus easy to attack. 17.Qa4 Rc4!A brilliant idea!Karpov sacrifices the a pawn toprevent the c4 advance.White will be left withtwo weaknesses,on c3 and a2,making iteasier for black to apply pressure.The Rookon c4 will be difficult to remove since d2 is notavailable for the white knight. 18.Qxa7 Qc6

19.Qa3 Rc8 20.h3 h6 21.Rb1 Ra4 22.Qb3 Nd5 23.Rdc1 Rc4 White will be tied down tothe defence of the weak c3 pawn. 24.Rb2 f6!A very strong move.Karpov wants to activatethe d7 knight so he takes e5 away from thewhite knight.E6 is weakened,but white cannotattack this pawn,his rooks are tied down to thedefence of his weak pawns. 25.Re1 Kf7!The king is also activated! 26.Qd1 Nf8

27.Rb3 Ng6 From g6 the knight can helpattack the king via f4 or defend e6 on f8.

28.Qb1 Ra8 29.Re4 Rca4 30.Rb2 Nf8 31.Qd3 Rc4 32.Re1 Ra3 33.Qb1Trying to defend c3 by attacking b6.White'sproblem is that Karpov has so much time thathe threatens to transfere the f8 knight to c8.

Ng6 34.Rc1 Nxc3 35.Qd3 Ne2+ 36.Qxe2 Rxc1+ 37.Bxc1 Qxc1+ 38.Kh2 Rxf3 39.gxf3 Nh4 White's kingside is too weak.Game Summary: Karpov plays 14...3xc3 tohave a weak backward pawn to blockade andattack on the open c-file.When white wasready to advance c4,black played the strongand brilliant 17...0c4 blockading c3.This movewas also a pawn sacrifice,which Karpovassessed as correct and effective,since whitethen had two weaknesses that would be easyto attack.To further activate his pieces Karpovplayed 24...f6! defending e5.This pawnadvance allowed him to activate the knight bymanoevrering it to a more effective position.Before going for the c3 pawn,karpov madesure that all his pieces were involved in thebattle by playing 25...<f7 for extra defence of

the e6 pawn.0-1

B14Mkrtchian,L 2413Izoria,Z 2541

BCSA Open Batumi GEO (9) 25.07.2003[exchange knight & blocade backward pawn]

1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Nf3 Bb4 7.cxd5 Nxd5 8.Bd2 0-0 9.Bd3 Nc6 10.0-0 Be7 11.Qe2

[ 11.Re1 was an option,ready to meet Nf6with 12.Bf4 controlling e5 ]

11...Nf6 12.Be3 Nb4 13.Bc4 b6 14.Rad1 Bb7 Black has successfully placed his minorpieces for the control of the d5 square. 15.Ne5

Nbd5 16.Rc1 Rc8 17.Rfd1 Nxc3 18.bxc3 Nd5 19.Qh5 Bf6 20.Qe2 White has playedthe last few moves without a plan.Such a lackof strategy will always get punished. b5!Nicely using tactics to help with the blockadeof the backward c3 pawn. 21.Bxd5

[ 21.Bxb5 does not win a pawn ,due to Nxc3 ]

21...Qxd5 22.Qf1 White has seriousproblems with the white squares.

[If 22.f3 Rfd8 with strong central control. ] 22...Be7 The bishop is looking for betterprospects on the a3-f8 diagonal. 23.f3 Rfd8

24.Qf2 Ba3 25.Qg3 f6 Removing the knightfrom the strong e5 square

[Black resists the urge to be materialisticwith 25...Bxc1 26.Bxc1 Rxc3 Since this willresult in white having a strong attack,sinceblack would have no defenders on thekingside. 27.Bh6 g6 28.Qg5 with a winningattack for white! ]

26.Bh6 Bf8 27.Nd3 Qf5 28.Be3 Bd5 29.Qf2 Ba3 30.Rc2 Bc4 31.Rcd2 Bxd3an interesting decision!Figuring that the whitesquared bishop ,due the pawn on b5,isweaker than the potentially active d3 knight.

32.Rxd3 Bf8 33.Qe2 Qd5 34.Bf2 Rc4Blockading the backward pawn and ready topressurise it. 35.Be1 Rdc8 36.Rb1 a6

37.Rb2 R8c6 38.Rd1 Ba3 39.Rb3 Bd6 40.Rd3 Kf7! Activating the king by defendingthe weakened e6 pawn. 41.Rd1 b4 42.cxb4

Rc2 43.Qe4


20−Oct−2012

[ 43.Rd2 Rxa2 44.Rxa2 Qxb3 45.Rxa6 Rc2 46.Qb5 Qe3+ 47.Kf1 Rc1 is good forblack ]

43...Rxa2 44.Rbd3 Rcc2 45.R3d2 Rxd2 46.Rxd2 Qxe4 47.fxe4 Ra1Game Summary:Black prepares for the controlof the d5 square by playing11...4f6,12...4b4,13...b6 and 14...Bb7.With a little help fromtactical threats,black plays 20...b5! planning toblockade the backward pawn.25...f6! refusingto be distracted by material benefits,blackremoves the knight from the strong e5 square.31...3xd3 exchanging white's potentially activeknight.Finally 34...0c4 using the weak c4square to launch a decisive queensideassault.0-1

D40Molander,R 2286Solozhenkin,E 2506

TCh−FIN 2002−3 (1) 21.09.2002[using a1−h8 diagonal]

Using the h1-a8 diagonal . 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Nf3 Be7 7.Bd3 dxc4 8.Bxc4 0-0 9.0-0 Nc6 10.a3 b6 11.Qd3

[ 11.Re1 Bb7 12.Ba2 was a better option,playing for the d5 advance and the e5outpost. ]

11...Bb7 12.Rd1 Rc8 13.Ba2 [ 13.d5 runs into Na5 14.Ba2 Nxd5 15.Nxd5 Bxd5 16.Bxd5 Qxd5 17.Qxd5 exd5 18.Rxd5 Nb3 winning ]

13...Rc7 14.Bg5 Rd7 A very good plan.Thiswill put pressure on the pawn,preventing it'sadvance .It also vacates the a8 square for thequeen,allowing for pressure on the h1-a8diagonal! 15.Rac1 h6 16.Be3 Qa8 17.Bb1

Rfd8 Black already has the preferable position.d4 is under tremendous pressure,whilst whitehas no concrete threats. 18.Ne4 Nxd4The pieces on the h1-a8 diagonal spring tolife! 19.Nxf6+ Bxf6 20.Qh7+ Kf8 21.Nxd4

Bxd4 22.Rxd4 Rxd4 23.Bxd4 Rxd4 24.Qh8+ Ke7 25.Qxg7 Qd8 26.Bc2 Rc4 27.Qxh6 Qd5 28.f3

[ 28.Qg7 Rxc2 ] 28...Qd4+ 29.Kf1 Rxc2 30.Qg5+ Kd7

31.Rxc2 Qd1+ 32.Kf2 Qxc2+Game Summary: Black plays 13...0c7planning to put pressure on the isolani with...0d7.This manoevre also allows the queen tomove to a8 with serious counterplay down thea8-h1 diagonal.0-1

E54Ramirez,Al 2542Gonzalez,Y 2481

Capablanca Mem Elite (5) 11.05.2004[counterplay on h1−a8 diagonal]

Counterplay on h1-a8 diagonal 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 0-0 5.Nf3 d5 6.Bd3 c5 7.0-0 dxc4 8.Bxc4 cxd4 9.exd4 b6 10.Bg5 Bb7 11.Re1 Nbd7 12.Rc1 Rc8 13.Bb3 Bxc3 14.bxc3 Qc7 15.Bh4

[ 15.c4 Black is able to obtain counterplayafter this,with Ne4 16.Bh4 Qf4 17.Qd3 b5!with an interesting struggle ]

15...Rfd8 16.Qe2 [ 16.Bg3 Qc6 17.c4 b5 18.c5was the better option for white ]

16...Qf4 This idea is typical and strong in suchpositions.Black is using the h1-a8 diagonal toplace his pieces on more active positions.

17.Bg3 Qg4 18.Qe3 Bxf3 19.gxf3 Qf5A very interesting position!White has the twobishops,though the g3 bishop and weakenedstructure also offer black prospects. 20.c4

Nf8 21.Red1 h6 22.Kh1 White is planning touse the g-file to launch an attack N8h7

23.Bc2 Qh5 24.Rg1 Kh8 [ 24...b5 was the another option.Trying toget important central outposts for theknights ]

25.Be5 Rg8 26.Bd3 Nd7 27.Bd6 Nhf6 28.Rg3 b5! 29.c5 Nd5 30.Qe2 a6 31.Rcg1 Nb4 32.Bb1 Nc6 33.Qe3 Nf6 34.Be4 Nd5 35.Qd2 f5 36.Bb1 g5 37.Kg2 Qg6 38.h4 Qf6 39.hxg5 Rxg5 40.Re1 Rcg8 41.f4 Rg4 42.Rh1 Kh7 43.Be5 Nxe5 44.fxe5 Qg6 45.Kf1 Nf4 46.Rhg1 Qh5 47.Qc3 Rxg3 48.fxg3 Qd1+ 49.Qe1 Qf3+ 50.Qf2 Qd1+ 51.Qe1 Qxd4 52.Rh1 Qd5 53.Rh2 Qc4+ 54.Kg1 Qxc5+ 55.Kf1 Qc4+ 56.Kg1 Qd4+ 57.Kf1 Nd5 58.Rd2 Ne3+ 59.Ke2 Qxe5 60.Kf3 Rxg3+ Game Summary:Black


20−Oct−2012

plays 14...*c7 and 16...*f4 aiming forcounterplay on the h1-a8 diagonal.Thismanoevre helps with activating the queen andincreasing the influance of the b7 bishop.28...b5 was a strong move that allowed the knightsto use the important central outpost on d5.0-1

C02Nimzowitsch,AaronSalwe,Georg

Karlsbad Karlstad 1911[backward pawn]

Backward pawns 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 c5 4.c3 Nc6 5.Nf3 Qb6 6.Bd3 Bd7 7.dxc5 Bxc5 8.0-0 f6

[Experiance has shown that better is 8...Qc7 9.Bf4 Nge7 10.b4 Bb6 11.a4 a6 ]

9.b4 Be7 10.Bf4 fxe5 11.Nxe5 Nxe5 12.Bxe5 Nf6 Both sides have backwardpawns.White on the c-file black on the e.Whitehas an advantage since the e5 bishopblockades on e5 and defends c3 .It is a plusfor white that black's backward pawn iscentral,it makes it easier to play against it.

13.Nd2 0-0 14.Nf3 Nicely bringing the knightto the kingside to keep an eye on e5. Bd6

15.Qe2 [ 15.Bd4 would not work well here,since itallows black to push the e-pawn. Qc7

16.Qe2 Ng4 17.h3 e5 with a good game ] 15...Rac8 16.Bd4 It is important for white tokeep his black-squared bishop on the board,itwill assist with the defence of the backwardpawn on c3. Qc7 17.Ne5 Be8 Salwe cannotallow the exchange of the d7 bishop since itdefends e6.The disadvantage of the bishopbeing on e8 though,is obvious. 18.Rae1 Bxe5

19.Bxe5 Qc6 20.Bd4 Bd7 21.Qc2The theory of two weaknesses,states that it isnot enough to be working on one weakness,we need to work on two.White now switcheshis attention over to black's kingside. Rf7

22.Re3 b6 23.Rg3 Kh8 24.Bxh7 e5 [ 24...Nxh7 25.Qg6 ]

25.Bg6 Re7 26.Re1 Qd6 27.Be3 d4 28.Bg5 Rxc3 29.Rxc3 dxc3 30.Qxc3 Kg8 31.a3 Kf8 32.Bh4 Be8 33.Bf5 Qd4 34.Qxd4 exd4 35.Rxe7 Kxe7 36.Bd3 Kd6

37.Bxf6 gxf6 38.Kf1 Bc6 39.h4The endgame is easily winning.This gameshows the importance of the location ofbackward pawns.The central backward pawnwas easier to attack than the white c-pawn.Game Summary:13.4d2 planning to manoevre this piece to f3,from where it will be an extra defender to theking and help blockade on e5.With 15 *e2and 180ae1,Nimzowitsch was bringing morepieces to help fix e6. 21*c2 was then playedto create a second weakness on the kingside.1-0

B90Fischer,Robert JamesReshevsky,Samuel Herman

USA−ch New York (5) 22.12.1962[backward pawn ]

Backward pawns 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.h3 g6 7.g4 Bg7 8.g5 A very active positional idea tomove a piece from the center. Nh5 9.Be2 e5

[Better was the idea of sacrificing a pawn tofight for central control 9...Nc6 10.Nxc6

bxc6 11.Bxh5 gxh5 12.Qxh5 Rb8with good compensation ]

10.Nb3 Nf4 11.Nd5 Nxd5 12.Qxd5As a rule one always has to be certain ,that inthe event of a blockader being exchanged,tobe in a position to take back with a piece. Nc6

13.Bg4! exchanging black's best piece Bxg4 14.hxg4 Fischer has doubled pawns on the g-file.In return ,the h7 pawn has also become atarget. Qc8 15.Qd1 Nd4 16.c3 Nxb3

17.axb3 Qe6 18.Ra5! Using the open a-fileto bring the rook into the d5 outpost. f6

19.Qd5! exchanging black's most active piece. Qxd5 20.Rxd5 Kd7 21.gxf6 Bxf6 22.g5Fixing h7.black now has two backward pawnsattacked by white's rooks! Be7 23.Ke2 Raf8

24.Be3 Rc8 25.b4 b5 Now black has three! 26.Rdd1 Ke6 27.Ra1 Rc6 28.Rh3 Bf8 29.Rah1 Rc7 30.Rh4! Zugzwang!Black isforced to push one of his pawns,so as not tolose material. d5 31.Ra1 Rc6 32.exd5+

Kxd5 33.Rd1+ Ke6 34.Rd8 Kf5 35.Ra8 Re6 36.Rh3 Black has too many weaknessesto defend. Bg7 37.Rxh8 Bxh8 38.Rxh7


20−Oct−2012

White has a won game Re8 39.Rf7+ Kg4 40.f3+ Kg3 41.Kd3 e4+

[ 41...Rd8+ 42.Ke4 and the black bishop isdead alive! ]

42.fxe4 Rd8+ 43.Bd4 Kg4 44.Rf1 Be5 45.Ke3 Bc7 46.Rg1+ Kh4 47.Kf3 Rd7 48.e5 Rf7+ 49.Ke4 Rf5 50.e6 Bd8 51.Bf6 Bxf6 52.gxf6 Rxf6 53.Kd5 Rf2 54.Re1A powerful technical demonstration byFischer!A game that shows that even ifbackward pawns can be away from the center,when fixed, they will determine the gameoutcome.Game Summary:White plays 13.3g4 to exchange black's mostimportant defender.19.*d5 to exchangeblack's active defensive queen.22.g5 fixing h7and thus having two weaknesses to attack.1-0

E57Filip,MiroslavUrbanec,Karel

CSR−ch Prague (13) 1954[passed pawn]

This game shows us that if an Isolated pawn ison the 4th rank,it can be viewed as weak.Once it reaches the 5th rank it transforms to adangerous passed pawn. 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6

3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c5 5.Bd3 0-0 6.Nf3 d5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.a3 cxd4 9.exd4 dxc4 10.Bxc4 Be7 11.Bg5 Nd5 12.Bxe7 Ncxe7 13.Qd3

[ 13.Nxd5 Nxd5 14.Bxd5 Qxd5 15.Re1 Rd8 16.Rc1 b6 17.Rc7 was also possible ]

13...Nxc3 14.bxc3 Ng6 15.Rfe1 Bd7 16.Ne5 Rc8 17.Ba2 Nxe5 18.Rxe5 Bc6 19.Rae1 Qd6

[ 19...b5 allows 20.d5 exd5 21.Bxd5with an advantage ]

20.c4! White now has a big advantge due tothe fact that the d5 advance cannot beprevented. Rfd8 21.d5 exd5 22.cxd5 Bd7

23.h4! A very good move.White defendsagainst backrank threats and prepares tocreate a second black weakness on thekingside.Black has to watch the passed pawnsand since he has no defenders on thekingside,is facing a deam posibility of beingattacked violently. Rc1! The passive side has

to try and exchange pieces so as to ease thedefence. 24.Rxc1 Qxe5 25.Qc4! threateningto invade the c-file. Qe8

[ 25...Rc8 26.Qxc8+ Bxc8 27.Rxc8+ Qe8 28.Rxe8# Ilustrates the importance of beingwary of the backrank threats! ]

26.Qb4 b6 27.Re1 Qf8 28.Re7 Now whitewill win easily.This seventh rank occupationwill will be impossible to defend against. a5

29.Qe4 Bf5 30.Qe5 Be6 31.Rc7 Bc8 32.d6 Re8 33.Qxe8 33...*xe8 34.3xf7 *xf735.0xc8 *f8 36.d7!Game Summary: White played thestrong20.c4preparing for the d5 advance,creating apassed pawn.23 .h4! oppening the backrankand preparing a kingside offenisive.Then whiteplayed 25.*c4 threatening to invade the 7thrank,this forced the black queen to move to apassive position.White was then ready to cashhis advantages in by the 7th rank occupationwith 28.0e7.1-0

Grigoriev,Nikolay DmitrievichBotvinnik,Mikhail

URS−ch05 Moscow (17) 1927[passed pawn]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�-.��:9�+4��-.��-.�+�+�+��6+�+��-/��+3-/�+�+��+�+�+/+��+�+�+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

Passed Pawn 45.Nd4 [ 45.Ba2 Bc6 46.Nc7 g5+ 47.hxg5+ hxg5+ 48.Kg3 a4 ]

45...Bxb3 46.Nxb3 a4 47.Nc5 a3 48.g4 [ 48.Ke4 Na4 49.Nxa4 a2 ]


20−Oct−2012

48...a2 49.Nb3 Nd5+ 50.Ke4 Nxc3+ 51.Kd4 Na4 52.Kc4 g5 53.hxg5+ Kxg5 54.Kb4 Kxg4 55.Ka3 Nc5 56.Na1 Ne6 57.Kxa2 Nd40-1

Grigoriev,Nikolay DmitrievichBotvinnik,Mikhail

URS−ch05 Moscow (17) 1927[outside passed pawn]

��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�-.��:9�+4��-.��-.�+�+�+��6+�+��-/��+3-/�+�+��+�+�+/+��+�+�+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

Passed Pawn 45.Nd4 Passed pawns are ofsignificant importance in endgames.Here thetwo sides each have passed pawns,butblack's is more dangerous since it is anoutside passed pawn and will force white tomove a piece away from the center in anattempt to prevent it from promoting.

[ 45.Ba2 Bc6 46.Nc7 g5+ ( 46...Bxg2 47.Ne8+ ) 47.hxg5+ hxg5+ 48.Kg3 a4with a big advantage to black. ]

45...Bxb3 46.Nxb3 a4 47.Nc5 a3 48.g4 [Trying to centralize the king with 48.Ke4allows Na4 49.Nxa4 a2 winning ]

48...a2 49.Nb3 Nd5+ 50.Ke4 Nxc3+ 51.Kd4 Na4 52.Kc4 g5 53.hxg5+ Kxg5 54.Kb4 Kxg4 55.Ka3

[ 55.Kxa4 h5 56.Ka3 h4 57.Kxa2 h3 58.Nc1 h2 59.Nd3 Kf3 winning ]

55...Nc5 56.Na1 Ne6!! 57.Kxa2 [ 57.Nc2 Nd4! ]

57...Nd4! Resigns.The h-pawn cannot bestopped.If 58.Kb2 Kf3 59.Kc3 Ke3

60.Nc2+ Nxc2 61.Kxc2 h5 62.Kd1 Kf2! [ 62...h4? 63.Ke1 allow white to draw! ]

63.Kd2 h4 64.Kd3 h3 This example showsthe strength of an outside passed pawn.Thispawn is far from the center and thus difficultfor the king to blockade.Game Summary: White had to allow thebishop exchange with 45.4d4.attempting tohold on to the bishop with 45.3a2 would forcewhite into a position where his bishop wouldbe passive blockading the outside passedpawn.48...a2 forced the knight into a passiveposition away from the center.56...4e6!!stopped white's knight from moving closer tothe h-pawn.The final position was winning dueto the favt that white's pieces could not stopthe h-pawn in time.0-1

Romanovsky,Peter ArsenievichBotvinnik,Mikhail

URS−ch08 Leningrad 1933[passed pawn − blockade]

��+�+�+�+�8�-.�+5+.��.��-.6-/�+.+��+�-.�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��/-/�+�-//-/��+�+1+3��!"#$%&'()*

The most effetive way to play against apassed pawn,is to blockade it.This will allowthe defender to then try to capture the pawn.

1...Kf6 2.f4 [Also possible was 2.g3 Ke6 3.Bc4+ Kf6 4.Bf1 with a propable draw. ]

2...b5 3.Rc1 c4 4.b3 Rxd6 5.bxc4 b4Black is now slightly better,since he has thepossibility of creating an outside passed pawn.


20−Oct−2012

6.Rc2 Kf5 7.g3 a5 8.Re2 Kf6 9.Kf2 Rd1 10.Rb2 Ke6 11.Be2 Rh1 12.Ke3 f5 13.c5 Ra1 14.Rd2 Ke7 No side can make anysignificant progress.Game Summary:Black blocked the passedpawn,then forced white into inactivity,bythreatening to capture this pawn.Black thencreated a passed pawn at the right moment.½-½

Passed pawn(definition)[outside passed pawn]

��+�+�+�+��+�+��.-..��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��+�+�+�+��/+�+�-//-/��+�+�+�+�� !"#$%&'()*

A passed pawn is a pawn that has noopposition pawns hindering it's advance.Themost dangerous of these pawns is the outsidepassed pawn.It is difficult to defend againstthis pawn,since it is far from the center.This isespecially true in an endgame.In this positionwhite wins easily by advancing the pawn.Thiswill force the opposing king to move towards it,leaving it's own pawns vulnerable to the attackof the opponent's king. 1.Ke3 Ke6 2.Kd4

Kd6 3.a3 Kc6 4.a4 Kb6 5.Kd5 Ka5 6.Kd6 Kxa4 7.Ke7 f5 8.Kf7 g5 9.Kf6 f4 10.Kxg5 f3 11.gxf3 Kb5 12.f4 Kc6 13.Kf6 Kd7 14.Kf7 Kd6 15.f5 Ke5 16.f6 h5 17.Kg7 Kf4 18.f7 winning.

C84Romanovsky,Alexander ArsenieviRubinstein,Akiba

St Petersburg 1905[passed pawn − protected]

Protected Passed Pawn 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.d4 exd4 7.e5 Ne4 8.Nxd4 Nc5 9.Nf5 0-0 10.Qg4 g6 11.Bxc6 dxc6 12.Nxe7+ Qxe7 13.Qg3 Re8 14.f4 This move weakens the c1 bishop,which now has a limited range.

[ 14.Re1 was the better option. ] 14...Bf5 15.Qf2 Rad8 16.Nc3 Ne6 17.Be3 c5! Mobilizing the doubled pawns,with theintention of controlling more central squares.

18.Qf3 c6! This prevents the knight fromoccupying d5,which would give it a chance tojump into the weak f6 square. 19.Rf2 Nd4

20.Bxd4 cxd4 21.Ne4 Bxe4 22.Qxe4 f6This gives white a protected passed pawn.Black has taken this decision after assesingthat he will be able to blockade this pawn,andhave a chance to create his own passed pawnon the d-file. 23.Re1 Rd5 24.Rfe2 fxe5

25.fxe5 Qe6 26.h3 c5 27.b3 b5 28.Qd3 Rd7 threatening to advance the pawns with29...c4 29.c4 bxc4 30.bxc4 Both sides havepassed pawns,but Rubinstein has the betterprospects because his is protected by the c-pawn Rf7 31.Qb3 Rf5 This will force white toremain passive with his rooks,having toprotect the passed pawn. 32.Qd3 Ref8 33.a3

Kg7 34.Re4 Rb8 35.R4e2 Defendingagainst the occupation of the 2nd rank. a5!Threatening to play...a4.This would secure theweak b3 square for the rook. 36.Qc2 Rd8

37.Qb3 a4! Planning to attack the weak c4pawn. 38.Qxa4

[ 38.Qd3 Rb8 ] 38...d3 39.Qa5 Rd4 40.Rb2 Rxc4 41.Rb7+ Rf7 42.Rxf7+ Qxf7 43.e6 Qe7 Black iswinning,since his passed pawn can beprotected by a pawn. 44.Re3 Rc1+ 45.Kf2

Qf6+ 46.Rf3 Qd4+ 47.Kg3 d2 48.Qc7+ Kh6 49.e7 Re1 50.Rf4 d1Q 51.Rxd4 Qxd4 52.Qd8 Qe5+ An example showing thestrength of the protected passed pawn.Game Summary: White's positional problemsstarted after he played the weak 12.f4 makinghis bishop weak.17...c5! was strong as it


20−Oct−2012

helped mobilise the doubled pawns. 19...f6was an important positional decision,allowingwhite to have a passed pawn,whichRubinstein assesed as easy to blockade andattack.Then 27...b5 with the intention ofcreating a passed pawn was strong.Finnaly35...a5! threatening to play a4, using the weakb3 square as an operation base,was strong.0-1

D48Chekhov,Valery A 2480Matlak,Marek 2420

Moscow−B 1988[passed pawn − protected]

Protected passed pawn 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c6 4.e3 Nf6 5.Nf3 Nbd7 6.Bd3 dxc4 7.Bxc4 b5 8.Bd3 Bb7 9.0-0 a6 10.e4 c5 11.d5 c4 12.Bc2 e5 13.Ne2 Bd6It is the right strategy to blockade a protectedpassed pawn.In this situation though, thebishop on d6 does not have many prospects.The Knight is the optimul blockader,since italso has the possibility of attacking the pawndefending the passed pawn it blockades!

[ 13...Rc8 was an interesting option,planningto create a passed pawn after. 14.b3 c3 ]

14.b3! The c4 pawn is in white's territory andprevents some of white's pieces for occupyingimportant squares.It is thus important to attackand remove it. cxb3

[ 14...Rc8 15.bxc4 bxc4 16.Rb1would create weaknesses in black's position.

] 15.axb3 0-0 16.Ng3 Attacking andexchanging the d6 blockader is also part ofwhite's other plans. g6 Preventing 4f5

17.Bg5 Qb6 18.Qd2 Rfc8 19.Bd3 Ne8 20.b4! Fixing the backward a6 pawn .Thismove also prepares to use the weak c5square to also try and exchange the d6blockader. f6 21.Be3 Qd8 22.Rac1 Rxc1

23.Rxc1 Qe7 24.Rb1 Rc8 25.Ne1 Nc7 26.Be2! Planning to improve the whitesquared bishop's position. Na8 This proves tobe too slow.Black is planning to occupy theweak c4 square with...4b6-c4.

[ 26...f5 27.exf5 Nxd5 Was the lesser evil,even though black would still be worse. ]

27.Bg4 Rc7 28.Be6+ Kh8 29.Bxd7!Exchanging black's most active piece anddefending against the c4 occupation. Qxd7

30.Nd3 Rc8 31.f4! Finally ready to exchangethe d6 bishop! exf4

[ 31...Nc7 would allow. 32.fxe5 fxe5 33.Nc5 ]

32.Bxf4 Qe7 33.Bxd6 Qxd6 34.Nc5 Rc7 35.Rf1 Bc8 36.e5! Now the passed pawn isready to be mobilised. fxe5

[ 36...Qxe5 37.Re1 Qd6 38.Re8+ Kg7 39.Nge4 Qb6 40.d6 would not be muchfun for Matlak. ]

37.Nge4 Qd8 38.d6 Rg7 39.d7 Bxd7 40.Qd6 Re7 41.Nxd7 Qxd7 42.Qb8+A nice illustration in fighting against ablockader.Game summary: White plays 14 b3! toexchange and remove the advanced c4 pawn.20 b4 fixing a6 and securing c5 as an outpostfo his pieces. Then white improved his whitesquared bishop with 26.3e2 !planning tomanoevre it to e6 via g4.Chekhov thendefended against black's defensive plan byexchanging the knight on d7 with 29.3xd7.When he was ready he finally played 31.f4 toexchange the d6 blockader.1-0

E59Gligoric,SvetozarStenborg,Ake

Dublin zt (6) 1957[protected passed pawn − blockade ]

Blockading the protected passed pawn. 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c5 5.Bd3 0-0 6.Nf3 d5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.a3 Bxc3 9.bxc3 dxc4 10.Bxc4 Qc7 11.Bb2 e5 12.h3 Rd8 13.Ba2 Qe7 14.Ng5 Rf8 15.d5 This movegains space and creates a protected passedpawn ,but it boxes the white bishop in,and thepawn can be blockaded by a knight.

[White should try to activate the two bishopswith. 15.a4 h6 16.Nf3 Rd8 17.Ba3with a complicated strategic struggle. ]

15...Na5 16.c4 Ne8 17.Nf3 [worth a try was 17.f4 e4 18.Qc2 f5 19.Qc3 b6 20.Rad1 Nd6 21.Ne6 Bxe6 22.dxe6 Rf6 23.Rd5 with complications. ]


20−Oct−2012

17...e4 18.Nd2 Nd6 This is an effective wayof blockading the protected passed pawn.Theknight ecxerts pressure on the weak c4 pawn.

19.Qh5 f6 20.f3 Bf5 21.Rae1 b6 22.Qh4 Rae8 23.g4 Bc8 24.f4 Ba6 White is nowforced to worry about his c4 pawn. 25.Rc1

Qd7 26.f5 White is trying to create play onthe kingside. h6 preventing 27.g5 27.Qg3

Re7 [ 27...Rd8 28.h4 ]

28.h4 Kf7 The king marches to the safety ofthe queenside via the closed center. 29.Rf4

[ 29.g5 was an option. ] 29...Ke8 30.Qg2 Kd8 31.Nxe4 Rfe8putting pressure on the weak e3 pawn.

32.Nxf6 gxf6 33.Bxf6 Kc7 34.Bxe7 Qxe7 35.Qg3 Qe5 Whites position has too manyweaknesses and black defends. 36.f6 Naxc4

37.Bxc4 Bxc4 38.f7 Rf8 39.g5 hxg5 40.hxg5 Bxd5 41.g6 Rh8 42.Rf3 Rh1+ 43.Kg2 Bxf3+ 44.Kxf3 Qd5+ 45.e4 Qxe4+ 46.Kf2 Qd4+ 47.Kg2 Rxc1 48.Qf3 Qd2+A good example the night as a goodblockader.Game Summary: Black played 16...Ne8 toblockade on d6 and attack c4.Black furtherpressurised this pawn with 24...3a6 forcingwhite's pieces to passive defensive squares.Rather than face an attack black decided tomarch the king to the safety of the queensidewith 28...<f7.0-1

E59Comp ZugzwangLuther,Thomas 2525

Lippstadt (2) 1997[protected passed pawn − blockade]

Blockading the pp pawn 1.d4 e6 2.c4 Nf6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 0-0 5.Nf3 d5 6.Bd3 c5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.a3 Bxc3 9.bxc3 dxc4 10.Bxc4 Qc7 11.Ba2 e5 12.h3 e4 13.Nh2 Na5 14.f3 c4 This allows white to have aprotected passed pawn on d4,so what doesblack get in return?The two white bishops dont have room tomanoevre and the pawn on d4 can be easilyblockaded. 15.Bb1

[ 15.fxe4 Nxe4 16.Bb1 Re8 is better for

black ] 15...Re8 16.Ra2 Bf5 17.Rb2

[ 17.Qe1 Nd5 18.g4 Bg6 19.f4 f5Also does not help white,who is not able toopen-up for the bishops ]

17...Bg6 18.f4 Bf5 The white bishops arenow as good as dead. 19.Rb5 Bd7 20.Re5

Bc6 21.Ng4 Nxg4 This is one of white'smore active pieces and should be exchanged.

22.Qxg4 f6 23.Rh5 Nb3 24.Ba2 Rad8 25.Bb2 Bd5 26.Rd1 Bf7 27.Rh4?The rook will not be able to come back into thegame from this position. Rd5 28.Rf1 f5

29.Qe2 Rb5 30.Kh1 Rb6 31.g4 Qe7 32.g5 Rc8 33.Qf2 Rcc6 34.Rg1 Bg6 35.Rf1 Qd7 36.Rd1 Qd5 37.Qe2 Rb5 38.Kg2 Rcb6 39.Rb1 Bf7 40.Kg1 Qd6 41.Kg2 Nc1 42.Bxc1 Rxb1 43.Bxb1 Rxb1 44.Qd2 Qb6 45.d5 Qd6 46.Qc2 This game shows that aprotected passedpawn can be a liability in aclosed game,when the defending side caneasily blockade it.Game Summary:Black correctly judges that white not beingable to activate his bishops will far-outweighthe protected passed pawn and plays14...c4.After this white did not have an effectivecounterplan.0-1

Weak Square[weak squqare − definition]

(Diagram)

A square that cannot be protected by pawns isdefined as a weak square.It is wise not tocreate weak squares,since they may be usedby our opponents as outposts for pieces thatmay attack our position.


20−Oct−2012

��5:96+7�05�+��-..+�+.26.��+�-.�+.+��+/-.4-.�+��+/+�+�+��-/�:4/+�-/��+�+/-/3-/��+1+Q+1�� !"#$%&'()*

C49Botvinnik,MikhailPanov,Vasily N

URS−ch11 Leningrad (9) 1939[weak square − method]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Bb4 5.0-0 0-0 6.d3 Bxc3 7.bxc3 d6 8.Bg5 Qe7

��5+6+�05�+��-..-.�+7.-..��+9-.�:9�+��+3+�-.�23��+�+/+�+��+�-//+4+��/+/+�-//-/��01�+Q+1�� !"#$%&'()*

This move is linked with an importantdefensive idea.Since white has the twobishops,black plans to keep the positionclosed.He plans to manoevre the c6 knight toe6 so as to limit the influence of the bishops.The side with the two bishops would want toopen up the position,since then he would be

able to dominate the squares and diagonals ofhis opponent's missing bishop. 9.Re1 Nd8

10.d4 Ne6

��5+6+�05�+��-..-.�+7.-..��+�-.9:9�+��+3+�-.�23��+�-//+�+��+�-/�+4+��/+/+�-//-/��01�+Q01�� !"#$%&'()*

11.Bc1 A great move!Panov does not have adark squared bishop so his dark squares arevulnerable.From c1 this bishop can be placedon any effective diagonal.Note that the a1rook is 'developed' since it can enter the battlevia the b-file.

[ 11.Bh4 though natural looking,would not begood.Yes,the bishop is pinning the knight,but there is no clear-cut plan of increasingpressure on this pin.The important bishopwould then be somewhat out of the game.

Nf4 with a defendable position. ] 11...c6

(Diagram)

12.Bf1 Another good move.From f1 thebishop can re-enter the battle via the f1-a6 orless obvious h1-a8 diagonals. Nd7

(Diagram)

13.g3 threatening to attack the weak d6 pawnwith 4h4-f5 and also planning to place hiswhite squared bishop on a better diagonal. c5Panov was worried that his weak pawn on d6would prove to be easy for Botvinnik's darksquared bishop to attack via the a3-f8diagonal.He thus places his pawns on blacksquares to compensate for this weakness.

14.dxe5 This fine move fixes black's central


20−Oct−2012

��5+6+�05�+��-..+�+7.-..��+.-.9:9�+��+3+�-.�+��+�-//+�+��+�-/�+4+��/+/+�-//-/��01�23Q01�� !"#$%&'()*��5+6+�05�+��-..+9+7.-..��+.-.9+�+��+�+�-.�+��+�-//+�+��+�-/�+4+��/+/+�-//-/��01�23Q013�� !"#$%&'()*

structure.Botvinnik now has switched hisattention to the explotation of the weak d5square. dxe5 15.Nh4 g6 Not wanting toallow 16.4f5 Panov is forced to make furtherconcessions by weakening the black squaresaround his king. 16.Ng2 Ng7

(Diagram)

17.Ne3 The knight is now ready to occupy theweak d5 square. Nf6 18.Bg2 Be6

(Diagram)

19.c4 This move secures the d5 weakness,making sure it remains permanent.

[ 19.Nd5 Bxd5 20.exd5 is not what white

��5+6+�05�+��-..+9+7.:9.��+�+�+.+��+�-.�-.�+��+�+/+�+��+�-/�+�-/��/+/+�-/4-/��01�23Q013�� !"#$%&'()*��5+�+�05�+��-..+�+7.:9.��+�+6:9.+��+�-.�-.�+��+�+/+�+��+�-/�:4�-/��/+/+�-/3-/��01�23Q01�� !"#$%&'()*wants.The thumb rule on weak squares,isthat you make sure that if the occupyingpiece is exchaged,you can recapture with apiece. ]

19...Rad8 20.Qe2 Nd7 21.Bb2 f6

(Diagram)

22.f4 This is the theory of two weaknesses inaction.One weakness is generaly considerednot to be enough for a win.Our opponentstarts with equal 'firepower',so if we attack oneweakness,he will be able to defend.Botvinnikwill create a second weakness either on e5 orf6 if Panov decides to exchange on f4. Rde8

23.Rad1! When you play over games by thestrongest players,you will notice that they


20−Oct−2012

��+�05�05�+��-..+9+7�:9.��+�+6-..+��+�-.�-.�+��+/+/+�+��+�+�:4�-/��/23/+Q-/3-/��01�+�01�� !"#$%&'()*��+�+505�+��-..+9+7�:9.��+�+6-..+��+�-.�-.�+��+/+/-/�+��+�+�:4�-/��/23/+Q+3-/��01�+�01�� !"#$%&'()*

always manage to centralize all their piecesbefore attacking. b6

(Diagram)

24.Rd2 Rooks belong on open files!Botvinnikis planning to double rooks on the d-file withuncomfortable pressure . exf4 25.gxf4 g5

26.fxg5 fxg5

(Diagram)

27.e5! This fixes the f6 weakness,importantdue to it's close proximity to the king.The g2bishop also increases in strength. Qf7 28.Nd5

Nh5 29.Rf1 Nf4 30.Qe4 Qf5 31.Qxf5 Bxf5 32.Nxf4 gxf4 33.Bd5+ Kg7 34.e6+ Nf6

��+�+505�+��-.�+9+7�:9.��-.�+6-..+��+�-.�-.�+��+/+/-/�+��+�+�:4�-/��/23/+Q+3-/��+�+101�� !"#$%&'()*��+�+505�+��-.�+9+7�:9.��-.�+6+�+��+�-.�+�-.��+/+/+�+��+�+�:4�+��/23/01Q+3-/��+�+�01�� !"#$%&'()*

35.Rxf4 Kg6 36.Rg2+ Ng4 37.Rgxg4+ Bxg4 38.Rxg4+ Kf5 39.Rg3 Rg8 40.Bg7 Re7 41.Bf8 Game Summary: Botvinnik plays113c1 and 12.3f1 to preserve the two bishops.14.dxe5 fixed the central structure.White thenmanoevred the knight to attack d5 with 14.4h4.Botvinnik played 22.f4 creating a secondweakness.Before attacking he played 23.0ad1centralizing all his pieces.Finally 27.e5 fixingthe f6 weak square next to the king.1-0

chess manual for sajcc 1 board(files,ranks squares ... for sajcc.pdf · chess manual for sajcc 2...

Documents