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Chemistry Monday, September 25 th – Tuesday, September 26 th , 2017

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Page 1: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Chemistry Monday, September 25th – Tuesday,

September 26th, 2017

Page 2: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Do-Now Title: “Nuclear Notation Review” 1.  Answer the do-now questions on your

worksheet

2. Do not begin working on the other questions until instructed to do so

Finished? Take out your planner and table of

contents.

Page 3: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Announcements •  ToCmustbeturnedinbyFriday•  Recall

– TobeexemptfromsemesterfinalyoucannotmissmorethanfourTOTALstampsfromourToC’s

– Youalsoneeda70%+onunittestsandnomissinglabs/quizzes

•  Retakeoldquizzesandtrade-indojopoints

•  BacktoschoolnightThursday• MinimumdayFriday

Page 4: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Planner: •  Last day for stamps: Thursday •  ToC due by Friday (turn in to HW box) •  Read Ch. 19 (all) •  Retake Ch. 3 Quiz Table of Contents #1:

24. Nuclear Notation Review 25. Ch. 19 CN Part A

Page 5: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Review

Page 6: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

CW 1. Take 10-15 minutes to complete the

review WS in your groups –  Mass number for Br is 80, and the mass

number for Pb is 212

2. When finished, start reading Ch. 19

3. We will begin our notes shortly

Page 7: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

FLT •  I will be able to describe the three main

types of nuclear radiation by completing Ch. 19 CN A

Standard HS-PS1-8:Developmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposi;onofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioac;vedecay

Page 8: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Ch. 19 Part A: Radiation • Title your notes & add assignment # • Complete Cornell-style • Copy down all bolded ideas • Noise level 0 • Raise hand to question/comment • Be prepared to pair-share-respond

Page 9: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Ch. 19 Part A: Radiation

Page 10: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Guiding Questions • Whatarethetwonuclearforces?• Whatarethethreetypesofradioac;vedecay?

• Whichisthedeadliesttypeofradioac;vedecay?

• HowdoyouprotectyourselffromAlpharadia;on?

Page 11: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Review–AtomicModels

Page 12: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nucleons and Nuclear Forces

Page 13: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

SubatomicPar;cles•  In1932,JamesChadwickdiscoveredtheneutron

•  Thiswasimportantinimprovingtheproton-electronatomicmodel

•  Newmodel:Theproton-neutronnucleus

Page 14: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Proton-NeutronModel

Page 15: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

SubatomicPar;cles•  Wenowhavethreesubatomicpar;cles:– Protonsp+– Electronse-– Neutronsn0

•  Nucleons=subatomicparNcleslocatedinthenucleusofatoms(p+andn0)– Nucleonsarecomposedofsmallerpar;clescalledquarks

Page 16: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Forces•  Therearetwomainforcesatplayinournucleus:

–  Electromagne;cforce(proton-protonrepulsion)–  Strongforce(nucleonss;cktogether)

Page 17: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Forces•  Notallnucleiarestable

–  Posi;vely-chargedprotonscanrepeleachother•  StrongNuclearForce=bindsp+andn0togetherinthenucleus

Page 18: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Unstable Nuclei – Strongforce=holdsnucleitogetherovershortdistances

– Largernucleicanbemoreunstable

Page 19: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nuclear Stability

Page 20: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

NuclearStability•  StrongNuclearForce

– Thisforcecanonlyactoververyshortdistances– ItisthestrongestaXrac;veforce(137;mesmorethanelectromagne;c)

– Overextremelyshortdistances,thestrongnuclearforceoverridestherepulsionoftheelectromagne;cforce

•  Lookingatthera;oofprotonstoneutronscanhelpusdeterminethestabilityofthenucleus

Page 21: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Band of Stability

•  The region on a graph which indicates all stable nuclei when the number of neutrons are compared to the number of protons for all stable nuclei

Page 22: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

NuclearStability•  Largernuclidestendtobemoreunstable

– Allnuclideswithmorethan83protons(bismuth)areunstable

•  Mostnuclideswanta1:1ofneutrons:protons– Heaviernuclidesneedmoreneutrons

Page 23: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Pair-Share-Respond 1. What are nucleons? 2. What force holds nucleons together? 3. What types of nuclei tend to be

unstable?

Page 24: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Radioactivity

Page 25: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Radioactivity

•  Howdoesanunstablenucleusreleaseenergy?

Page 26: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Context •  MarieCurie(1867-1934)helpeddiscovernewelements(PoloniumandRadium),aswellasradioac;veelements

•  Curiestudiedmaterialsthatgaveoffrays,whichshecalledradioac;vity

Page 27: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Radiation •  Radia;on=Rays∥clesemiXedbyaradioac;vesource

Page 28: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Radiation Radioisotopes=unstableisotopeswhosenucleiundergochangestobecomemorestable

Page 29: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Radioactivity

– Anunstablenucleus“decays”intoanewnucleusbychangingitsnumberofprotonsspontaneously

– Ifthenumberofprotonschanges,isitthesameelementanymore?

Page 30: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Radioactivity – RadioacNvedecay=unstablenucleusreleasesenergy/emitsradiaNon

Page 31: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Types of Radiation

Page 32: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Types of Radiation

What are the three main types of nuclear radiation?

Page 33: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Main Types of Radiation

1.  Alpha (α) Radiation 2.  Beta (β) Radiation 3. Gamma (Υ) Radiation

Page 34: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Alpha Radiation Alpha radiation = Emits alpha particles (helium) •  Mass number decreases by 4, atomic number

decreases by 2

Page 35: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of
Page 36: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Alpha Radiation Ex/

Page 37: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Beta Radiation

•  Beta Radiation = Emits a beta particle (electron) – Mass number stays the same. Atomic number increases by

1.

Page 38: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of
Page 39: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Beta Radiation Ex/

Page 40: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Gamma Radiation

•  Gamma radiation = Emits a high-E photon(gamma ray).

•  Tends to accompany other nuclear decay processes

Page 41: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of
Page 42: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Types of Radiation

•  AlphaparNclesaretheleastpenetraNng.GammaraysarethemostpenetraNng.

Page 43: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Figure4.2:Thepenetra;ngpowerofradia;on.

© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers

Page 44: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Arethereothertypesofdecay?

α-par;cleproduc;on

Spontaneousfission

β-par;cleproduc;on

Positronproduc;on

γ-rayproduc;on

Page 45: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Positron Production

•  Positron = positively charged anti-electron

Page 46: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Review 1. Certain elements are radioactive because their atoms have

a.  more neutrons than electrons. b.  an unstable nucleus. c.  a large nucleus. d.  more neutrons than protons.

Page 47: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Review 2. An unstable nucleus releases energy by

a.  emitting radiation. b.  thermal vibrations. c.  a chemical reaction. d.  giving off heat.

Page 48: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Review 3. Which property does NOT describe an alpha particle?

a.  2+ charge b.  a relatively large mass c.  a negative charge d.  low penetrating power

Page 49: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Review

4. When a radioactive nucleus releases a high-speed electron, the process can be described as

a.  oxidation. b.  alpha emission. c.  beta emission. d.  gamma radiation.

Page 50: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Pair-Share-Respond 1. Whatareradioisotopes?2. Whatareourthreemaintypesof

radia;on?3. Whichtypeisthemostdangerous?4. WhatisemiXedinbetadecay?5. WhatisemiXedinalphadecay?

Page 51: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

CW 1. Underneath your notes, complete

the questions from page 694: –  #1-5, 8, 9, 11

2. Finished? Read Ch. 19 Carefully

Page 52: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Chemistry Wednesday, September 27th – Thursday,

September 28th, 2017

Page 53: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Do-Now Title: “Video Notes: Nuclear Processes” 1.  Write down today’s FLT. 2.  When can you retake quizzes? 3.  What can you trade in your dojo points for? List

specific examples with how many points they cost 4.  Why do some nuclei undergo decay? 5.  Identify the three main types of decay, and list

them in order from least penetrating to most penetrating

6.  Use a pro-talk sentence frame to make a claim about nuclei, radiation, or decay.

7.  Write “Video Notes” underneath your do-now Finished? Take out your planner and table of

contents.

Page 54: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Announcements •  ToCdue•  Finishretakes•  AYendtutoringasneeded• Musthavecalculatorsnextweek

•  Unittest– MulNplechoicesecNonandresponsesecNon

Page 55: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Planner: •  Turn in ToC •  Study for Unit Test (Ch. 1, 3, 13, 19) •  Bring calculators next week Table of Contents #2:

1.  Video Notes: Nuclear Processes

Page 56: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Video Notes • Let’sreviewsomeoftheconceptswecovered,aswellaslookatsometopicswewillbecoveringsoon

Page 57: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Video Notes 1.  Whatarethefourfundamental

forces?2.  Dis;nguishbetweennuclearfusion

andfission.3.  Anatomicbombuseswhichof

theseprocesses?4.  Whyisradioac;vedecayusefulto

uswhenstudyinghistory?5.  Oneaddi;onalfact

Page 58: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of
Page 59: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Video Notes 1.  Whatarethefourfundamental

forces?2.  Dis;nguishbetweennuclearfusion

andfission.3.  Anatomicbombuseswhichof

theseprocesses?4.  Whyisradioac;vedecayusefulto

uswhenstudyinghistory?5.  Oneaddi;onalfact

Page 60: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Introduction to Half-Life

Page 61: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Introduction to Half-Life • Unstablenucleidecay• Dotheyalldecayatthesamerate?

Page 62: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Introduction to Half-Life • Thehalf-lifeofanuclideistheNmeittakesfor½ofthesampletodecay

• A^ereachhalf-life,halfoftheremainingatomshavedecayed

intoanewelement

• Wecanrepresentthisgraphically– Whatwouldthatlooklike?

Page 63: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Introduction to Half-Life

Page 64: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Mini-Lab

Page 65: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Ch 19 Radioactive Half-Life Lab • Youwillusem&m’sorskiXlestorepresentisotopes– Whatareisotopes?

• Youmustplacepapertowelsoveryoursta;on/table– Pleasedonoteatwhileperformingthelab

– Contaminatedcandiesshouldbethrownoutattheend

– Tablesmustbewipeddownattheendforsanita;onpurposes

Page 66: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Ch 19 Radioactive Half-Life Lab • WriteyourstarNngnumberofcandies

– Youwillneedtocountout100candieswithoutcontaminaNon

• Usetwocupstoshakeyourcandies

• Pourthemoutacrossthepapertowels

Page 67: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Ch 19 Radioactive Half-Life Lab • Candiesfacingup=remainingisotopesàkeeptheseforthenextround

– Recordtheremainingnumberin

yourdatatable

• Candiesfacingdown=decayedisotopesàsettheseaside,astheywillnotbeusedanymore

Page 68: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Ch 19 Radioactive Half-Life Lab • Gatherupyourremainingcandiesandshakethemup.RepeatthestepsunNlallisotopeshave“Decayed”.

Page 69: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Time Classdata

1millionyears

2millionyears

3millionyears

4millionyears

5millionyears

6millionyears

7millionyears

8millionyears

9millionyears

10millionyears

11millionyears

12millionyears

Page 70: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Ch 19 Radioactive Half-Life Lab • Graphyourresultsonthebackofthepage.Don’tforgettolabelyouraxes.

• Alsographtheclassaveragedatausingadifferentcolorpen.

– Youshouldlabeleachorhaveakey• UsetheclassaveragegraphtoanswerthequesNonsbelow.

Page 71: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

CW • TurninlabswhenfinishedJ

– Didyouanswerincompletesentences?

• StudyCh.19– Testnextweek!

• TurninToCifit’sready

Page 72: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Chemistry Friday, September 29th – Monday, October

2nd, 2017

Page 73: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Planner: •  Finish WS + Study for Ch. 19 Quiz • Unit Test (Ch. 1, 3, 13, 19) 10/9-10/10 • Next lesson: calculators Table of Contents #2:

2.  Return of the Brainstorm 3.  Ch. 19 CN B 4.  Nuclear Radiation WS

Page 74: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Announcements •  Classdojoadjustment:

– 5points:pen,pencil,snack(limitoneperday)– 10points:newreferencesheet– 15points:stamp

•  Unittest– Tues/Wed

• FinishCh.19– Thurs/Fri

• Ch.19Quiz+UnitReview– Mon/Tues

• UnitTest

Page 75: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Announcements •  AnoteontheToC

– ToC’swithallstamps=+5dojopoints

– Missingstampsaretotaledattheendofeachsemestertohelpdeterminewhoisexemptfromthefinalornot

– Unstampedassignmentscanbeturnedinwithan“Incompleteassignment”formwiththeToCforparNalcreditàstapleeverythingtogether

Page 76: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

FLT •  I will be able to write balanced nuclear

equations by completing Ch. 19 Notes B

Standard HS-PS1-8:Developmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposi;onofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioac;vedecay

Page 77: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Notes Protocol • Title your notes & add assignment # • Complete Cornell-style • Copy down all bolded ideas • Noise level 0 • Raise hand to question/comment • Be prepared to pair-share-respond

Page 78: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Ch. 19 CN B: Nuclear Transformation

Page 79: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Guiding Questions • What is nuclear fusion? • What is nuclear fission? • How do we write and balance

nuclear equations?

Page 80: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Recall

Page 81: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of
Page 82: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Radiation •  When a nucleus spontaneously breaks down by

emitting radiation, the process is called radioactive decay.

Page 83: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of
Page 84: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Alpha Emission •  Emits alpha particles, which contain two protons

and two neutrons and has a double positive charge.

•  Alpha emitters are radioisotopes that decay by emitting alpha particles

αpar;cle=4He

2

Page 85: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Beta Emission •  Emit beta particles •  The neutron breaks apart into a proton, which

remains in the nucleus, and a fast-moving electron, which is released. This increases the atomic number by one.

β-par;cle=0e-1

Page 86: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Gamma Emission •  Nuclei often emit gamma rays along with alpha

or beta particles during radioactive decay.

Page 87: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nuclear Equations

Page 88: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nuclear Equations •  Radioactive decay can be shown in a nuclear

equation using the symbols for the original radioactive nucleus, the new nucleus, and the radiation emitted.

•  Nuclear Equations à Balanced when both sides are equal to each other

•  Radioactive nucleus à new nucleus + radiation

Page 89: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nuclear Equations •  In nuclear reactions, atoms transmutate •  Transmutation = Conversion of an atom of

one element into an atom of another element

•  Transmutation can occur by radioactive decay or when bombarded by other particles

Page 90: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

CopyThisExample:

Page 91: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

BALANCINGNUCLEAREQUATIONS1. Sumofmassnumbersmustbe=oneachside(le^

superscripts)

2. Sumsofatomicnumbers/charges(le^subscripts)oneachsideoftheequaNonmustbe=.

Examples:238U 4He+234Th92 290

214Pb 0β + 214Bi82 -183

Page 92: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Trythese:

CompletethenuclearequaNonsandstatethetypeofdecay:

1.217At213Bi+?

2.231Th0β+?

-1

3.208Tl 0e+?

-1

85 83

4He2

90231Pa91

208Pb8281

Page 93: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Fission & Fusion

Page 94: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nuclear Fission •  When the nuclei of certain isotopes are

bombarded with neutrons, they undergo fission •  Fission = the splitting of a nucleus into

smaller fragments/nuclei.

Page 95: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nuclear Fission •  Chain reaction = Fission produces neutrons,

causing other atoms to undergo fissions, which in turn releases more neutrons, etc.

Page 96: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nuclear Fusion •  The energy released by the sun results from

nuclear fusion. •  Fusion = when nuclei combine to produce a

nucleus of greater mass.

Page 97: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Nuclear Fusion •  Fusion reactions, in which small nuclei combine,

release much more energy than fission reactions, in which large nuclei split.

Page 98: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Pair-Share-Respond 1. What is a transmutation?2. Distinguish between nuclear fission and

nuclear fusion.3. Which type releases more energy?

4. Complete the balanced equation:

Page 99: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

Reminderfortoday’sWS

α-par;cleproduc;on

Spontaneousfission

β-par;cleproduc;on

Positronproduc;on

γ-rayproduc;on

Page 100: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

FYI:ElectronCapturevs.BetaDecay

Page 101: Chemistry Week 5 · Nuclear Stability • Larger nuclides tend to be more unstable – All nuclides with more than 83 protons (bismuth) are unstable • Most nuclides want a 1:1 of

CW • Complete the WS

– Use periodic table – If written in isotope notation (example:

Carbon-14 or C-14) change to shorthand notation first

– Study by reading notes, the textbook, or quizzing your group members


PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BISMUTH AND BISMUTH OXIDES

Bismuth Subnitrat

bismuth int 150 - CORE

NORM IX Mandatory Air Monitoring of TENORM Worker ......Lead 210, Bismuth 210 and Polonium 210 are the radioactive nuclides of interest in the pipeline. Radon Video Alpha Particles

Chapter 9a: Trace ELements - University of Notre Dameasimonet/CE30540/SP2017/Lecture_11_new_Isotope… · Unstable isotopes decay to other nuclides The rate of decay is constant,

Bismuth in Organic Synthesis

Chart of the Nuclides

BISMUTH EDTA COMPLEX

Emergency Report on Radioactive Nuclides in Foods

Nuclear Radiation, the chart of nuclides

Liquid Bismuth Collector Model

Liber Bismuth

Structure of bismuth tellurite and bismuth niobium

Bismuth and Bismuth alloys

Opinion on Bismuth citrate

Bismuth (Corinne Basinger)

Bismuth Ferrite Nano particles

Mediapart arret Bismuth

Extinct nuclides in and chronology of the early solar system Can extinct nuclides be used for chronology? Were extinct nuclides distributed homogeneously

PRECIOUS METAL COMPOUNDS - Excichem€¦ · BISMUTH ABOUT US CAT No ITEM NAME CAS No. F0RMULA M.W. ASSAY 00101 0289A BISMUTH AMMONIUM CITRATE (ammonium bismuth citrate) BISMUTH SUBGALLATE

Cosmogenic nuclides in stony meteorites revisited

Chemical Reaction and Crystalline Procedure of Bismuth ...Keywords: Reaction Mechanism, Metalorganic Decomposition, Bismuth Titanate, Nanopowders 1. Introduction Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12,

Radioactive Decays – transmutations of nuclides

Surface exposure dating with cosmogenic nuclides

Tin, Bismuth, and Tin–Bismuth Alloy Electrodeposition from ... · Tin, Bismuth, and Tin–Bismuth Alloy Electrodeposition from Chlorometalate Salts in Deep Eutectic Solvents Luciana

Basinger Bismuth 101119153133 Phpapp02

Green Chemistry Using Bismuth Compounds: Bismuth(III) Triflate

La protection des données personnelles et la contractualisation sur Internet [email protected]

Green Chemistry Using Bismuth Compounds: Bismuth(III

Bismuth metal

Bismuth freeform

The nuclear underpinnings of Cosmogenic Nuclides

ISOTOPES, NUCLIDES

chemistryattweed - Year 12 Chemistry › uploads › 1 › 1 › 2 … · Web viewAll elements with atomic number greater than 83 (Bismuth) are unstable (radioactive). Only 279 of

Chart of Nuclides-draft