Chemistry powers Energy

Advanced Battery Materials Technology for

Cost Efficient Storage Batteries

Dr. Markus Hoelzle

Director; Cathode Materials Asia, BASF

Co-Authors: Pierre Chang

email address : pierre.chang@basf.com

2

BASF – The Chemical Company

Introduction

BASF – The Chemical Company We create chemistry for a sustainable future

3

Our chemistry is used in almost all

industries

We combine economic success, social

responsibility and environmental

protection

Sales 2013: €73,973 million

EBIT 2013: €7,273 million

Employees (as of December 31, 2013):

112,206

6 Verbund sites and 376 other

production sites

BASF in Asia Pacific

4

* by location of company

** as of December 31, 2013

Regional facts:

Verbund sites in Kuantan/Malaysia and Nanjing/China

Development by region:

In initiating the regional “Grow smartly” strategy, research and

development presence in Asia Pacific will further be

strengthened.

New industry-specific R&D centers in key markets, such as a

battery materials laboratory in Japan and a center for

electronic materials in Korea.

New investment projects to support future growth: examples

include new plants for automotive coatings and for Ultramid®

in Shanghai, China, as well as the expansion of mobile

emissions catalysts production in Chennai, India.

Sales 2013: €11,679 million*

Employees: 16,708**

Regional Headquarter

Selected production sites

Verbund sites

Selected research sites

Demographic challenges set the stage for

the future of the chemical industry

Nine billion people in 2050 but only one earth

Resources, Environment & Climate

Food & Nutrition Quality of life

Chemistry as enabler

5

Chemistry-based innovations at BASF

Growth and technology fields

6

Growth fields at BASF

With additional budget

Resources,

Environment

& Climate

Food &

Nutrition

Quality of Life White

Biotechnology

Materials,

Systems &

Nanotechnology

Raw Material

Change

Key customer industries

Health & Nutrition

Consumer Goods

Transportation

Energy & Resources

Electronics

Agriculture

Construction

Technology fields Global needs

...

Batteries for Mobility

Enzymes

Heat Management for Construction

Organic Electronics

Functional Crop Care

Plant Biotechnology

E-Power Management

Wind Energy

Lightweight Composites

Water Solutions

7

Renewable Energy

Organic Photovoltaics

Efficient Transmission

High Temperature

Superconductors

Stationary Storage

Batteries, thermal

storage, power-to-gas

Efficient Lighting

Organic Light Emitting

Diodes

Efficient Applicances

Solid State Cooling

Efficient E-Engines

High Temperature

Superconductors,

Magnets

3

1

2

5

4

6

3

1

2

5

6

4 3

BASF innovation in E-Power Management

6

8

Energy Storage as a

Key Requirement

of Renewable Energy

Motivation - The Energy Storage Challenge

9 01.10.2013

Date Date

Date Date

Gri

d l

oa

d

Bu

ffer

loa

d

Difference

So

lar

loa

d

Win

d l

oa

d

Grid demand

Increasing share of fluctuating renewables:

•Increases volatility

•Increases time/amount of surplus electricity

•Drives need for buffers to ensure stable grid

Grid extension / upgrade, demand site

management etc will play a significant role, but not

sufficient when renewable exceed certain share

Pumped hydro storage is geographically limited

Current electrochemical storage has sufficient

power but limited storage range

Depending on electricity prices and volatility gas

fired power plants can be uneconomical and can‘t

“store” electricity

Efficient and economically viable energy

storage solutions will be necessary

Increasing share of fluctuating renewables:

Increases volatility

Increases time/amount of surplus electricity

Drives need for flexibility to ensure stable

grid

10

Achieving cost benchmark crucial for

market success

Assumptions: 1 GW, 8 GWh, electricity costs: 4 €cent/kWh, interest rate capital costs: 8%

Source: RTWH Aachen, BCG, VDE, Lux Research, internal = Cost range (left: future potential; right: today)

Approaches for innovation

towards cost reduction

•Mass production / automated

manufacturing, e. g. Li-Ion

•Reduced material cost / higher

energy density, e. g. High Energy Li-

Ion

•Scaling system size, e. g. Redox-

Flow

•Breakthrough innovation and

technical development,

e. g. NaS large scale, Zn-Air

•…

High flexibility / availability

Low energy losses

Cost efficient

Energy storage: Batteries

Emission free driving

Competitive electric cars

No trade-offs in comfort

Energy utilization

Stable supply

“Smart grids”

Low transmission losses

Energy transmission

CO2 neutral

Competitive prices

100 % renewable

Energy supply

Batteries are key element in BASF’s

offering for energy market segments

11

12

Lithium-Ion Batteries

Advanced Battery Materials

from BASF

Grid Storage: BASF with technological

basis for materials and system design

Se

co

nds

Min

ute

s

Hou

rs

Typ

ica

l d

ura

tio

n o

f s

tora

ge c

yc

le

Power

1KW 10KW 100KW 1MW 10MW 100MW

C

B

A A

Compressed

Air

High Power Fly Wheels

SMES* High Power

Super Capacitors

Gas Peaker

Power application Energy application Electrochemical /

Chemcial Storage Alternative Storage

(*) SMES = Superconducting

magnetic energy storage

Diesel

Generator Lead-Acid Batteries

Li - Ion Batteries

Metal–Sulfur Batteries

Pumped Hydro

Medium range,

decentralized storage for

energy supply

Long range, centralized

storage for energy supply

Storage for grid stability

Metal-Air Batteries

Flow Batteries

High Energy

Super Capacitors

Lo

ng

Du

rati

on

Fly

Wh

ee

ls

Chemical Storage (e.g. Hydrogen, …)

14 Ele

ctr

oly

te

pro

du

cti

on

Binders for Battery

Electrodes

NCM Cathode

Materials Electrolytes

NiMH Licenses

Global R&D,

Application

Services

LFP Cathode

Materials

Global business unit established 2012

Significant expansion of the scope of its

battery materials technologies over the

last two years

‒ Start-up of own production sites

‒ Licensing agreements

‒ Multiple acquisitions

‒ Investment into companies

In-house R&D and strategic partnerships

‒ Co operations

‒ Participation in global networks

‒ Sponsor of Science Award

Electrochemistry

BASF swiftly grew the battery materials

business and will invest further

Focus on battery materials

15 March 2014

Core competency: Chemistry Core competency: Mechanics and Electronics

Raw Materials

Functional Materials

Components Cells Packs Auto OEMs

Materials are the heart of the battery cell and significantly improve packs chemistry plays a

central role as material and component supplier

BASF is not a cell manufacturer today and will not step in to cell manufacture:

We do not want to compete with our valued customers

We want to focus on our core competency: Chemistry. We are The Chemical Company

Battery Materials targets three markets

and is highly committed

16 Ele

ctr

oly

te

pro

du

cti

on

OU

R T

AR

GE

T

MA

RK

ET

S

eMobility Consumer electronics

Stationary applications

By 2020, BASF expects its strategically relevant market for battery materials to reach at

least €5 billion

Commitment to invest a triple-digit million euro sum to develop its global Battery Materials

business between 2011 and 2016

By 2020, sales of at least €500 million globally (thereof approximately €350 million in Asia)

OU

R C

OM

MIT

-

ME

NT

an

d G

OA

L

BASF has a truly global footprint for

battery materials

NCM production

Largest NCM

production plant of the

US (2.4 kt) in Elyria

Application labs,

research centers

Amagasaki, Japan.

Further application labs

in the US, China and

Germany

Research centers in

the US and Germany

Ele

ctr

oly

te

pro

du

cti

on

Production

capacity in

Suzhou, China.

Further capacity

in Louisiana

LF

P

pro

du

cti

on

17

18

Advanced Battery Materials

from BASF

Example: high energy cathode

materials and electolytes

High-Ni NCM Cathode Materials Markedly increased Energy Density possible in the Future

19

Challenges of High-Ni NCM Cathodes Gassing of Electrodes – Swelling of Cells

But: Gassing and Swelling of such

cells is a major issue and prevents

this technology from the market

today

Ni-rich cathode materials offer

significant higher energy for future

batteries – up to 50%

Optimized electrolyte compositions

necessary to overcome gassing of

cells (salt / solvent / additives)

After 16h

at 60 ºC

After 16h

at 25 ºC

Additives for Reduced Swelling BASF Developments of new Electrolyte Additive

BASF’s unique offer: A synergistic

combination of cathodes and electrolytes

Ele

ctr

oly

te

pro

du

cti

on

CATHODES ELECTROLYTES

Cathodes and Electrolytes behave as a system in the Li-ion battery

Only an optimized combination of cathode materials and electrolytes will allow

significant increase of energy in Lithium Ion batteries

The combination of BASF Electrolytes and Cathode materials

will lead to high-energy Lithium-Ion Batteries

22

23

Advanced Battery Materials

from BASF

Example: Lithium-Iren Phosphate

cathode material for long battery live

Lithium Iron Phosphate – LiFePO4 Background and Introduction

Intrinsically safe cathode material

Excellent power properties

Widely available starting materials

Environmentally friendly (no toxic Nickel or Cobalt)

Material of choice for energy storage batteries !

Several LFP-producers in Taiwan

BASF with a global license from LiFePO4+C licensing AG

+

+

+

+

+

!

!

• Non toxic, abundant starting materials

• No precious precursor required

Convenient and cost-effective process

• Few unit operations, Continuous process

• Flexibility (grade differentiation)

Facile and scalable

• Consistent quality and performance

• Excellent handling in customer formulations

Properties, special morphology

• Continuous process, no by-products

• Less unit operations, smaller investment

Advantages compared to other processes (carbothermal, hydrothermal)

Drying step

Calcination Step

Wet

chemical step

LiFePO4

Lithium Iron Phosphate – LiFePO4 Production – Unique BASF Process

Lithium Iron Phosphate – LiFePO4 Product Properties HEDTM LFP-400

HEDTM LFP-

400

Composition LiFePO4

(~3.6% carbon)

1st DC

capacity

~160 mAh / g

10 C DC

capacity

102 mAh / g

Tap density >1 g / cm3

Particle size

(d50)

9 µm

BET surface

[m2/g]

~23 m2/g

20µm 1000 : 1

LFP/C Composite material

• Spherical LFP particles with

good mechanical stability

• Based on highly active

nano-primary particles

• Porous structure for better

contact with electrolyte

• Flexible composition,

• Excellent powder properties

for battery slurries

• Easy to handle

Lithium Iron Phosphate – LiFePO4 Full cell testing – LFP-400 – simulation of 25 years of

daily charge/discharge

27

28

Advanced Battery Materials

from BASF

Summary

Summary

Lithium-ion batteries will play a key-role in future energy storage –

especially in decentralized grids and households

This application will even exceed batteries for electric vehicles in size

High energy density will be required to allow compact battery design

Long-life (calendar life as well as charge/discharge live) of most

importance

BASF is actively developing advanced materials for such batteries to

match these future requirements

29

30

BASF

CONFIDE

NTIAL

NCM-111 Cathode Material - Precursor

Thank you for your Attention