DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY, MARDAN, PALOSA CAMPUS CHARSADDA

Scheme of Studies for BS Chemistry Four Years Program

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SCHEME OF STUDIES, BS (4-YEAR) PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRYDepartment of Chemistry Palosa Campus Charsadda, AWKUM

Course Title Semester - I ENG-100 English-I (Functional) GEN-100 General-I GEN-101 General-II MATH-100 Mathematics-I MathematicsI/Functional Biology COMP-100 Computer and Its Applications in Chemistry CHEM-151 Inorganic Chemistry Total Semester - II ENG-200 English-II (Functional) GEN-200 Islamic Studies / Ethics GEN-201 General-III MATH-200 MathematicsII/Functional Biology/University Optional STAT-100 Statistics CHEM-161 Organic Chemistry Total Semester - III ENG-300 English-III (Report Writing) GEN-300 Pakistan Studies GEN-301 General-IV GEN-302 General-V CHEM-141 Environmental Chemistry CHEM-171 Physical Chemistry Total Semester - IV ENG-400 English-IV / University Optional

Credit hours Theory 3 3 3 3 Practical 0 0 0 0

3 3 18 Theory 3 2 3

0 1 1 Practical 0 0 0

3

0

3 3 17 Theory 3 2 3 3 2 3 16 Theory 3

0 1 1 Practical 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Practical 0

2

GEN-400 General-VI GEN-401 General-VII CHEM-111 Analytical Chemistry CHEM-121 Industrial Chemistry CHEM-131 Biochemistry Total Course Title Semester - V CHEM-251 Inorganic Chemistry CHEM-261 Organic Chemistry CHEM-271 Physical Chemistry CHEM-211 Analytical-/ CHEM-231 Bio-Chemistry Total Semester - VI CHEM-351 Inorganic Chemistry CHEM-361 Organic Chemistry CHEM-371 Physical Chemistry CHEM-311 Analytical-/ CHEM-331 Bio- Chemistry Total Semester - VII: Specialization (Inorganic/ Organic/Physical/Applied/ Analytical/Bio Chemistry) Paper-I Paper-II Paper-III Practical-I Elective Course-I (other than the field of specialization) Research Project / Advanced Practical / Position Paper (literature survey) Total Semester - VIII : Specialization (Inorganic/ Organic/Physical/ Applied/ Analytical-/Bio-Chemistry Paper - IV Paper - V Paper - VI Practical - II Elective Course - II (other than the field of specialization)

3 3 2 2 2 15

0 0 0 0 0 0 Credit hours

Theory 3 3 3 3 12 Theory 3 3 3 3 12 Theory 3 3 3 0 3 0 12 Theory 3 3 3 0 3

Practical 1 1 1 1 4 Practical 1 1 1 1 4 Practical 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 Practical 0 0 0 1 0

3

Research Project / Advanced Practical / Position Paper (writeup) Total

0 12

2 3

Total Credit Hours: 131The list of general courses was also reviewed and approved as follows:

List of General Courses:(Proposed in NCRC special meeting in Chemistry) 1. Social Psychology 2. Community Development 3. Environmental Sciences 4. Principles of management 5. Logic and Reasoning 6. Teaching and Learning 7. Social Issues of Pakistan 8. Entrepreneurship 9. Human Resource Management 10. Basic Financial Management 11. History of Human Civilization 12. History of Science

ORAny other, including supportive science courses other than chemistry, depending upon the expertise available.

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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY PALOSA CAMPUS ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY MARDAN

Scheme of Studies for M.Sc Two Years Program

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SCHEME OF STUDIES M.Sc TWO YEARS PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY, PALOSA CAMPUS AWKUM Semester-I S.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 Paper Analytical Chem. paper-I Biochemistry paper-I Inorganic Chem. paper-I Organic Chem. paper-I Physical Chem. paper-I Mathematics Total Semester-III (Specialization) S.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 Paper Env. /Computational Chem. Paper-I Specialization Paper-I Specialization Paper-II Specialization Paper-III Specialization Paper-IV Special practical/research Total Cr. Hrs 2-1 3 3 3 3 3 18 S.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cr. Hrs 2-0 2-0 3-1 3-1 3-1 2-0 18 Total Semester-IV (Specialization) Paper Env. /Computational Chem. Paper-II Specialization Paper-V Specialization Paper-VI Specialization Paper-VII Specialization Paper-VIII Special practical/research Total Cr. Hrs 03 3 3 3 3 3 18 18 S.NO 1 2 3 4 5 Semester-II Paper Analytical Chem. paper-II Biochemistry paper-II Inorganic Chem. paper-II Organic Chem. paper-II Physical Chem. paper-II Cr. Hrs 2-1 2-1 3-1 3-1 3-1

Specialization papers: Inorganic/analytical, Biochemistry, Organic and Physical Chemistry, the student will have to opt for one field of Specialization.

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COURSE OUTLINES OF M.Sc TWO YEARS PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY, AWKUM M.Sc. 1st Year, Semester -I Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM-511 Credit Hours: 02 Marks: 100 Course Contents Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, Classical methods of analysis, Analytical Sampling: Data handling: Stoichiometric calculations, Chemical Equilibrium, acid/base, Solubility and Complexation equilibria, Electroanalytical techniques, Classifications of Electroanalytical techniques, Potentiometry and conductometry with applications, Introduction to spectroscopic techniques. Analytical Chemistry Practical Cr. Hrs: 01 1. To determine the exact weight of materials and to analyze replicate measurement statistically. 2. To calibrate Volumetric Apparatus and to investigate errors in delivered volume. 3. To determine the concentration of strong acid solution by conductometric titration. 4. To determine the individual concentration of acid in the given binary mixture of strong/weak acid condutometrically. 5. To evaluate Ksp for lead iodate by conductance method. 6. To determine the solubility product of Cadmium iodate titrimetrically. 7. To determine the constancy of the solubility product. 8. To estimate Ca++ concentration in drinking water by EDTA Complexometric titration. 9. To determine the concentration of strong acid potentiometrically using first and second derivative method. 10. To determine pKa for the given set weak acids by potentiometric method. 11. To show independence of solubility on the amount of undissolved species. 12. To establish the stochiometric relation for the precipitation of silver chloride. Books Recommended Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinhote, New York. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis, I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan and Co. New York. David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry Course Title: Biochemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM- 531 Credit Hours: 02 Course Contents Introduction, Importance and the scope of Biochemistry. Forms, functions and8

Marks: 100

brief classification of prokaryotes. Cellular architecture and diversity of eukaryotes. Physical aspects of biochemistry Water, ionization of water, pH, Acid-base reactions, Buffers. Water Structure, physical properties & importance of water. Unique properties of carbon. Nature of organic matter. Isomerism. General reactions of different functional groups. Biologically important organic compounds / Solvents. Biomolecules Overview of Biomolecules and their structures including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Purines and Pyrimidines. Introduction to DNA, RNA. Metabolism Pathways Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid Cycle, Gluconeogenesis. Evolution of life Prebiotic molecular evolution and rise of living systems. Review of the variety and ecology of the living world. Use and significance of Radioisotopes in Biochemistry. Books Recommended 1. Voet, D. and J. G. Voet,. Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York (2001). 2. Text Book of Biochemistry (1970) by E. West & W. Todd Macmillan. 3. Biochemistry. (1999) 3rd Ed. by C. K. Mathews, K. E. Van Holde, & K.G. Ahern. Prentice Hall. 4. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 27th Ed. by R.K. Murray, D.K. Grannar, V.W. Rodwell. McGraw Hill. 5. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (2008) 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H. Freeman Publishers Biochemistry Practical 1. Preparation of solutions Preparation of Percent solutions (W/V, V/V and milligram percent).9

Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50

Preparation of Molar Solutions. Preparation of Normal / equivalent solutions. Preparation of Molal solutions. Preparation of ppm and ppb solutions. Preparation of solution from given stock solution by dilution method.

2. Standardization of given solution. 3. Determination of pH of different samples and body fluids. (pH meter, pH strip/paper and Titrimetric method) 4. Preparation of Buffers:Phosphate buffer, Acetate buffer, Citrate buffer, Universal buffer Books Recommended 1. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000). 2. Swotzer, Experiment Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental method (2000). 3. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University Press. 4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, , McGraw Hill Book Co., New York (1986). 5. Alexander, R. R., J. M Griggiths and M. L. Wikinson, Basic Biochemical Methods, John Wiley & Sons. 6. Wooton, I. D. P., Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, J&A Churchill. Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry Paper-1 Credit Hours: 03 Non Aqueous Solvents Classification of solvents, types of reactions in different solvents, effect of physical and chemical properties of solvents on reactions, detailed study of liquid NH3, liquid H2S, liquid HF and liquid SO2 as solvents. Coordination Compounds Study of coordination compounds regarding their historical back ground, nomenclature, geometry, theories i.e. Jorgensen theory, Werner's theory, valence bond theory, crystal field theory and molecular orbital theory. Properties of coordination compound i.e. Code: CHEM- 551 Marks: 100

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magnetic properties, stability and stereochemistry. Techniques for studying coordination compounds and their applications. Books Recommended 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. J.E. Huheey., E.A Keiter, and R.L. Keiter. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th Ed., Harper and Row, New York, 2001 F.A. Cotton., G.Wilkinson, and P. L. Gaus. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York, 1995. F. Basolo. and R.C Johnson. Coordination Chemistry Tallahassee, Florida, 1962. F.A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo and M. Bochmann, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999. A. K. Holliday, and A.G. Massey, "Inorganic Chemistry in Non-Aqueous Solvents", Pergamon Press, New York, 1990. E. M Larsen. Transition Elements, W. A. Benjamin Inc., 1995 J. Bassette., G.H. Denney, and J. Mendham. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis English Language Book Society, 4th Edition, 1981. A. I. Vogel, A Textbook of Micro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis Longman Green & Co. 1995.

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Inorganic Chemistry Practical Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50

1. Analysis of salts mixtures for anions and cations 2. Preparation of at least four coordination compounds in a pure state 3. Complexometric titrations Course Title: Organic Chemistry Paper- I Code: CHEM- 161

Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents

Marks: 100

Introduction to Organic Chemistry, chemistry of carbon compounds; organic chemistry, a historical perspective. Chemical Bonding and Properties of Organic Molecules Localized and delocalized chemical bonding; concept of hybridization leading to bond angles, bond lengths, bond energies and shape of organic molecules; dipole moment;11

inductive and field effects; resonance; aromaticity; tautomerism; hyperconjugation; hydrogen bonding; acids and bases; factors affecting the strengths of acids and bases. Stereochemistry Introduction to Stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, geometrical isomerism, E/Z notations, chirality, enantiomers and diasteromers, meso compounds, optical isomerism, optical activity and specific rotation, absulote configuration and relative configuration, R/S nomenclature, conformations and conformational analysis ethane, n-butane and cylohexane. Classes and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Classification of organic compounds; development of systematic nomenclature of organic compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of hydrocarbons and heteroatom functional groups. Recommended Books 1. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. and Wothers, P., Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, New York. 2. Loudon, G. M., Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, New York 3. Sorrell, T. N., Organic Chemistry, Viva Books Private Ltd., New Delhi. 4. Finar, I. L., Organic Chemistry, Vol. 1, Pearson Education, Delhi. 5. Carey, F. A., Organic Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York. 6. Ahluwalia, V. K. and Goyal, M., A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi 7. March, J., Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 8. Bansal, R. K., Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi. 9. Pine, S. H., Organic Chemistry, National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 10. Bailey Jr., P. S. and Bailey, C. A., Organic Chemistry-A Brief Survey of Concepts and Applications, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Organic Chemistry Practical Marks: 50 Credit Hours: 01 1. Laboratory Ethics and safety measures 2. Awareness about the toxic nature of chemicals and their handling, cleaning of glassware, safe laboratory operations 3. Laboratory work illustrating topics covered in the lecture of Organic Chemistry Paper I Recommended Books 1. Clarke, H. T., A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi. 2. Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. 3. Vogel, A. I., Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3: Quantitative Organic Analysis, Longman, London.12

4. Vishnoi, N. K., Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 5. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R., Vogels Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 6. Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C., The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 7. Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K., Vogels Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson Education, New Delhi. 8. Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Athlone Press, London. Course Title: Physical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM- 171 Credit Hours: 03 Kinetic Theory of Gases Maxwells law of molecular velocities. Calculation of molecular velocities and binary collisions. Maxwell-Boltzmanns law of energy distribution. Method for the determination of the Avogadro number (NA). Chemical Thermodynamics Relation of entropy and energy with equilibrium constant, and their dependence on temperature. Clausius-Clapeyrons equation. Chemical potential. Partial molar quantities. Free energy change. Fugacity of gases. Chemical Kinetics Integrated rate laws: Third order reactions with same and different initial concentrations of reactants. Effect of temperature on the reaction rate. Elementary and complex reactions: opposing, parallel, consecutive bimolecular reactions and chain reactions. Steady state approximation, Lindemanns theory of unimolecular reactions. Bimolecular collision theory, transition state theory. Physical Chemistry Practical Credit Hours: 01 1. Equilibrium constant of the KI I 2 KI 3 reaction. 2. Kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate. 3. Study of the adsorption isotherms of acetic acid-charcoal system. 4. Determination of activation energy for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl acetate. 5. Determination of partial molar volumes. 6. Characterization of the given compound by UV-Vis spectroscopy.13

Marks: 100

Marks: 50

Books Recommended 1. Alberty, R. A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G. B. Physical Chemistry. 4 ed, John Wiley and Sons (2004). 2. Ball, D W., Physical Chemistry 1 ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003). 3. Engel, Thomas and .Reid p., Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, and st Kinetics 1 ed., Benjamin Cummings (2006). 4. James K. and Wothers, P., Why Chemical Reactions Happen. Oxford University Press (2003). 5. Smith, E. Brain, Basic Chemical Thermodynamics 5 ed., Imperial College Press (2004). 6. Stephen B. R., Rice S. A. and Roses J., Physical Chemistry2 University Press (2000).nd th st th

ed., Oxford

7. Jurg W., Basic Chemical Thermodynamics W. A. Banjamin (1969). 8. Chorkendorff, I. and Niemantsverdriet, J.W. Concept of Modern Catalysis and st Kinetics 1 ed., John Wiley and Sons (2003). 9. Espenson, J. H. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism 2 ed., McGraw Hill (2002). 10. Berry R. S., Stuart A.R., and Roses J. Physical and Chemical Kinetics 2 ed., Oxford University Press (2000). 11. Helpern Arthur M., Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook nd 2 ed., Prentice Hall (1997). 12. Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis th English Language Book Society. 4 ed. (1978). 13. Daniel, F., Experimental Physical Chemistry McGraw Hill (1962). 14. Shoemaker, D., Experimental Physical Chemistry McGraw Hill (1989)nd nd

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M.SC, 1ST YEAR SEMESTER- II Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Paper-II Code: CHEM- 211 Credit Hours: 02 Marks: 100 Course Contents Electrogravimetry, Voltammetry and Polarography, Solvent Extraction and Chromatography, Spectrometry, Columetry, Amperometry, Electrophoresis, Basic concepts of IR, UV-Visible, Mass Spectrometry with applications, Introduction to Electron Resonance Spectroscopy and X-Rays Analysis. Analytical Chemistry Practical Credit Hours: 01 1. To verify Beers Law and to evaluate molar extinction coefficient. 2. Spectrophotometric determination of Ammonia. 3. To determine Iron by spectroscopic method using phenanthroline. 4. To determine the distribution coefficient of a given solute between an aqueous/non-aqueous system. 5. To determine Calcium by indirect volumetric method. 6. To determine Zinc by direct titration with EDTA. 7. Colometric determination of Iron(III) with Potassium thiocynate. 8. To separate and quantify Copper in Brass using constant-current electrolysis. 9. To estimate Lead amperometrically through titration with Potassium dichromate. Books Recommended 1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons. 2. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinhote, New York. 3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis, 4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan and Co. New York. 5. David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry.

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Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry Paper-II Credit Hours: Course contents Acceptor Complexes 03

Code: CHEM- 251 Marks: 100

Mononuclear and polynuclear metal carbonyls: Calculation of valance electrons, the eighteen electrons rule as applied to metal carbonyls, rationalization of molecular structure, evaluation of structures based on spectroscopic evidences, chemistry of metal carbonyls and their derivatives (nitrosyls, halides and hydrides) Chemistry of f-Block Elements Lanthanides: Electronic structure and position in the periodic table, Lanthanides contraction, oxidation states, spectral and magnetic properties, general characteristics, occurrence, extraction and general principles of separation, complexes and uses. Actinides: Electronic structure and position in the periodic table, oxidation states, general characteristics, half life and decay law. Books recommended 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. J. E. Huheey., E.A. Keiter., and R.L. Keiter,., Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th Ed., Harper & Row, New York, 2001. F.A. Cotton., G. Wilkinson., C.A.Murillo, and M. Bochmann.,Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999. N.N. Greenwood., and A Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press, New York, 1992. W. Willium. Porterfield. Inorganic chemistry, Unified approach, Elsevier Company, Delhi, (2005) K.M. Mackay., R.A., Mackay., and W. Henderson,., Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Stanley Thomas Publisher Ltd. 1996 J. Bassette., G.H Denney., and J. Mendham,. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis English Language Book Society, 4th Edition, 1981. A.I. Vogel. A Textbook of Micro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis Longman Green & Co. 1995.

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Inorganic Practical Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 5016

1. Separation of cations and anions in a mixture by paper chromatography. 2. Redox Titration 3. Gravimetric estimation of Ba2+ and Fe3+ ions Course Title: Organic Chemistry Paper- II Credit Hours: 03 Course contents Functional Chemistry: A brief introduction to the chemistry of hydrocarbons, alkyl, halides, alcohol, phenols, ethers aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Reaction Mechanism: Introduction to reaction mechanism, methods of determination of the reaction mechanism and comprehensive study on the mechanism of different types of substitution addition and elimination reaction with emphasis on their determination. Introductory organic Spectroscopy: introduction to UV, IR, 1HNMR and mass spectrometric methods and their uses for the structure determination of simple organic compounds. Recommended Books 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 March, J., Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Loudon, G. M., Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, New York. Brown, W. H., Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, Tokyo. Sykes, P., A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. Pine, S. H., Organic Chemistry, National Book Foundation, Islamabad. McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, California. Carey, F. A., Organic Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York. Kalsi, P.S. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S., Introduction to Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, Saunders Golden Sunburst Series, London. Code: CHEM- 261 Marks: 100

Organic Chemistry Practical Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50

Laboratory work illustrating topics covered in the lecture of Organic Chemistry Paper II17

Recommended Books Clarke, H. T., A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi. 2 Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. 3 Vogel, A. I., Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3: Quantitative Organic Analysis, Longman, London. 4 Vishnoi, N. K., Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 5 Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R., Vogels Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 6 Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C., The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 7 Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K., Vogels Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson Education, New Delhi. 8 Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Athlone Press, London. 9 Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. Introduction to Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, Saunders Golden Sunburst Series, London. 10 Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Course Title: Physical Chemistry Paper-II Code: CHEM- 271 Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100 1 Electrochemistry An introduction to electrochemistry, Ohms law, conductance, molar conductance and equivalent conductance, chemical reactions and redox potentials, electrochemical cells and types of electrodes. Ionic activity and Debye Huckle theory, Nernst equation and its applications. Solution Chemistry Solubility and Henrys law, statistical thermodynamics of ideal solution and non ideal solutions, colligative properties and lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure and their applications in determination of molecular masses. Salt hydrolysis and determination of hydrolysis constant (K). PRACTICAL Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50

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Spectroscopic determination of Cu % in the given sample. Conductometric determination of Cu (II)- EDTA mole ratio in the complex. To determine the effectiveness of an extraction of I2 solution by using Solvent Extraction method. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method. Determination of percentage composition of KMnO4/ K2Cr2O7 in a given solution by spectrophotometry. Evaluation of pKa value of an indicator by spectrometric method. Conductometric determination of hydrolysis constant (Kh) of conjugate base of a weak acid. Recommended Books 1. Albert R.A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G.B. Physical Chemistry. 4 ed., John Wiley and Sons (2004). 2. 3. Ball D.W. Physical Chemistry 1 ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003). Bassetts J., Denney C., Jeffery G.H. and Mendham J. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis th English Language Book Society. 4 ed. (1978).st th

4. Hatch R.C. Experimental Chemistry van Nostrand Reinhold Company (1972). 5. Halpern, Arthur M. Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook nd 2 ed., Prentice Hall (1962).

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M.SC, 2ND YEAR SEMESTER- III Course Title: Environmental Chemistry Paper-1 Code: CHEMMarks: 100

Credit Hours: 02+01 The atmosphere and air pollution:

Structure and properties of the atmosphere, temperature inversion and air pollution, atmosphere photochemistry, possible depletion of stratospheric ozone, natural vs polluted air, particulate matter, analysis and control of particulations, sulphur oxides, effects of sulphur dioxides and particulates, other industrial air pollutants, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen photochemicals smog, airborne load, control of automobile emissions. Water and water treatment: Unique physical and chemical properties of water, criteria of water quality, natural watereutrophiction, detergents and phosphates, importance of micro organisms in water purification, primary and secondary treatment of water, advanced waste water treatment, removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, sources of industrial water pollution, heavy metals and mercury. The green revolution: Pest control, pesticides, toxicity of pesticides, pest management. Books Recommended: 1. Anil Kumar, Environmental chemistry, Wiley Eastern, New DelhiJ. W. Moore & E. 2). A. Moore, Environmental chemistry, Academic Press, New York. 2. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Prentice Hall, Delhi. 3. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Tata Publisher, Delhi. 4. Staneley E. Manahan, Environmental chemistry, Brooks, California SPECIALIZATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Title of Course: Elementary Analytical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM-311 Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents The task of statistics in chemical analysis: Theory of sampling, source of variation and error, Presentation of results and rounding off the data. Confidence limit for the mean and standard deviation, comparison of standard deviations, inference from the tests, fitting lines to data, correlation and regression. Precipitation20

Marks: 100

Solubility and solubility product. Effects of salt, solvents, hydration, hydrolysis, pH changes, beginnings surface exchange, adsorption etc, on precipitates. Determination of error in gravimetric analysis, thermogravimetric methods for testing of thermal stability. Complexation Chelate formation; competing reactions in complexation. The computation of stability constant from various experimental data. The use of complexes in analytical chemistry as reagents. Masking agents. Indicators and metal ion buffers. Complexometric titrations. Books Recommended 1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York. 2. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinholt, New York. 3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. 4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan and Co. New York. 5. J.G. Dick, Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. 6. David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry. Title of Course: Chromatographic Techniques Paper-II Code: CHEM-312 Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents Chromatography Adsorption and distribution laws applied to chromatography, the displacement, frontal method of analysis and elution techniques: Column, paper and thin-layer chromatography, suitable systems for analysis of some simple organic substances, reversed phase chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography GSC and GLC parameters governing gas phase separation, simple instrumentation for gas chromatography, suitable systems for analysis high temperature programmed analysis. Introduction to HPLC Books Recommended 1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons. 2. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinholt, New York. 3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. Marks: 100

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4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan and Co. New York. Course Title: Spectroscopy and Advanced Instrumentation Paper-III Code: CHEM- 313 Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100 Course Contents Ultraviolet, visible spectroscopy; Molecular absorption of radiation, effect of structure on absorption, quantitative absorption spectroscopy, application, Instrumentation Various sources of light. Types of prime and gratings. Monochromators and their efficiency. The construction and optics of typical spectrograph. The use of a spectrophotometer in the analysis of one component or multicomponent systems, source of error and optimum conditions. Atomic spectroscopy Atomic absorption spectrophotometers and atomic fluorescence spectrometer.Flame photometry. Mass spectrometry, basic principles, instrumentation and applications. Books Recommended 1. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. 2. Gary D. Christian, James E. OReilly, Instrumental Analysis, Allyn and Bacon Inc. New York. 3. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New York. 4. F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B, London. 5. Willard, Meritte and Dean, Instrumental Analysis, D. Van Nostrand, New York. 6. Bernhard Wetz, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Verlay Chemie, New York. Course Title: Advanced Analytical Chemistry Paper-IV Code: CHEM-314 Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents DTA and TGA Basic principles, instrumentation and applications, thermal analysis and calorimetry. Automation in analytical chemistry: Instrumental parameters for automated instrument, automated process and instruments in process control and clinical laboratory. Preparation of sample for the analysis. Books Recommended 1. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.22

Marks: 100

2. Gary D. Christian, James E. OReilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. 3. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New York. 4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan and Co. New York. 5. F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B, London. Advance Analytical Chemistry Lab/Research. Credit Hours: 03 Marks:100

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SPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY BIO-CHEMISTRY Course Title: Biochemistry Paper -II Credit Hours: 03 Biochemistry-1 Brief introduction to the history and scope of biochemistry. Physical aspects of biochemistry Water, ionization of water, pH, Acid-base reactions, Buffers. Biomolecules-Carbohydrates General introduction, Nomenclature, Classification, Structural and Dynamic functions, Physical and Chemical properties. Nomenclature, Classification, and Structural configuration of monosaccharides. Isomerism, Mutarotation, recemic mixture and inter conversion of monomers. Ring structure (pyran and furan). Fischers formula and Haworth projection formula. Nomenclature, Classification, and Structural configuration of oligosaccharides, Glycosidic linkage. Classification and Structural configuration of polysaccharides.Chemistry and Biomedical Functions of Glycoprotein. Proteins Classification and properties of Amino acids. Overview of protein structure: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structures. Protein denaturation and folding. Proteins classification, properties, functions and their biological role. Lipids Classification, Fatty acids and their properties. Biological significance of glycerides. Phospholipids, non-phospholipids and steroids. Nucleic Acids Introduction to DNA, RNA. Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Purines and Pyrimidines. Enzymes Chemical nature, Nomenclature and Classification. Enzyme activity. Effect of different factors on enzyme activity. How enzymes work? Regulation of enzyme activity. Metabolism Pathways Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid Cycle, Gluconeogenesis. Books Recommended 1. Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry (1998) by John F. Robyt. Springer verlag Code: CHEM- 331 Marks: 100

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2. Text book of Biochemistry (2008) by S.P. Singh. CBS Publishers 3. Text book of Biochemistry (2007) by K. Rambabu. 4. Fundamentals of Biochemistry (2008) 3rd Ed. by D. J. Voet, G.J. Voet and C. W. Pratt. J. Wiley & Sons Inc. 5. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (2008) 5th Ed. D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H. Freeman Publishers. 6. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J. I. Jain. (2008) S. Chand & Co. India 7. Biochemistry. (1999) 3rd Ed. by C. K. Mathews, K. E. Van Holde, & K.G. Ahern. Prentice Hall. 8. Text book of Biochemistry & Human Biology (2006) 3rd Ed. by G.P. Talwar & L.M. Srivastava. Prentice Hall India. 9. Text book of Biochemistry 3rd edition (2009) by Satyanarayana. 10. Biochemistry 3rd Ed. (1999) by C. K. Mathews, K. E.van Holde and K.G. Ahern. Prentice Hall Course Title: Biochemistry Paper- III Credit Hours: 03 Molecular biology Gene theory, Gene, Allele, Structure of DNA, Chromosome, DNA replication, Transcription, Translation and post translational modification. DNA repair, Recombination, Gene expression and regulation, Genotype and Phenotype, Mutation and Types of mutation, DNA Sequencing. Books Recommended 1. Molecular Cell Biology (2007) 6th Edition H.Lodish, C.A. Kaiser, M.Krieger. M.P. Scott, A Bretscher, H Ploegh, & P. Matsudaira, W.H. Freeman 2. Biochemistry 6th edition by J.M. Berg, J.L.Tymoczko & L. Stryer (2007) W.H. Freeman & Co. 3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H. Freeman Publishers Code: CHEM- 332 Marks: 100

25

4. Modern Genetic Analysis: Integrating Genes and Genomes (2002) 2nd Edition by A. J. F. Griffiths, J.H.Miller, D.T.Suzuki, R. C. Lewontin and W. M. Gelbart W. H. Freeman. Course Title: Biochemistry Paper: IV Credit Hours: 03 Physical techniques in Biochemistry Homogenization, Centrifugation, Ultra centrifugation, Paper and TLC, and Column chromatography, Gel Chromatography, Gel filtration, Ion exchange chromatography, Affinity chromatography, HPLC, Electrophoresis, Flame photometry, Atomic absorption Spectrophotometry, Spectrofluorimetry, UV/visible spectrophotometry. Extraction, Purification of Macromolecules, Purification based on differential solubility, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Two Dimensional electrophoresis, Radioactivity Techniques and its application in Biological System, Biochemical Techniques, Cloning, RFLP, Sequencing, Northern and Southern Blotting, Hybridisation, PCR, Recombinant DNA Technology. Books Recommended 1. Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Moleculart Biology (1982) by David Freifelder,W. H. Freeeman 2. Introduction to Modern liquid chromatography (1979) by L.L.Snyder & J.J Kirkland. John Wiley & Sons 3. Tools of Biochemistry (1977) T. G. Cooper & T. C. Cooper John Wiley & Sons Centrifugation. 4. A practical approach. (1987) Ed. D. Rickwood, Oxford: IRL press England. 5. Varleys Pratical Clinical Biochemistry (1991) 5th Edition byA.H. Gowenlock and M Bell. CBS Publishers & Distributors. 6. Hawk's Physiological chemistry Mc Graw-Hill publishing company 7. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (1999) by C.A. Burtis, Ashwood & N.W. Tietz (Eds) W. B. Saunders Co. 8. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 6th Edition. Edited by K. Wilson & J. Walker. Code: CHEM- 333 Marks: 100

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Course Title: Biochemistry Paper- V Credit Hours: 03 Molecular genetics

Code: CHEM- 334 Marks: 100

Mendelian and Non-Mendelian genetics, Patterns of Inheritance, Mutational Analysis, Recombination and Genetic Mapping, Linkage Analysis, Chromatin and Chromosome, Mitosis and Meiosis, Interaction of genes, Chromosomal basis of heredity, Sex chromosome and Sex determination, Chromosomal aberrations, Gene mutations, Genetic code. Books Recommended 1. Strickberger, M. W. Genetics. The MacMillan Company. 2. Pai, A.C. and H. Marcus-Roberts. 1981. Genetics Its Concepts and Implications. 3. Goodenough, U. 1978. Genetics. 4. Ayala, F.J. and Kiger, Jr. 1980. Modern Genetics. Advanced Biochemistry laboratory/Research thesis Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100

1. Qualitative Analysis of carbohydrates of given unknown samples. 2. Extraction of starch from plant sources & its confirmative tests (Sources: Potato, Wheat, Rice, Pulses, Barely, Maize etc) 3. Extraction of Glycogen from animal sources & its confirmative tests. (Sources: Liver & Muscles etc) 4. Extraction of total Lipids from plant seeds (by iodometric flask method). (Sources: Sunflower seed, Cotton seed, Corn seed, Coconut, Neem Seed, sesame). 5. Extraction of Lipids from animal sources. Sources: Egg yolk & Animal tissues). 6. Qualitative tests of proteins & amino acids: Biuret Test, Niuhydrin Test, Xanthoproteic Test, Paulys Test, Hopleins Test, Ehrichs Test, Sakaguchi Test, Sodium nitroprusside Test, Sullivan Test, Load sulphate Test, Phosphate Test, Aldehyde Test 7. Extraction of proteins from plant sources & their confirmative tests (Sources: Wheat, Rice Barely, Maize, Pulses etc)27

8. Extraction of proteins from animal sources & their confirmative tests. (Sources: Egg White, Milk, Liver, Muscles etc) 9. Isolation of DNA from tissues 10. Extraction of plasmid DNA 11. Separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis 12. Determination of melting temperature of DNA 13. Mineral analysis of plant tissues using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. 14. Determination of sodium and potassium content in blood serum by flamephotometer, Gel chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. 15. Determination of molecular weight of a given protein by gel filtration. 16. Separation of Hb and serum proteins by electrophoresis Books Recommended 1. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000). 2. Swotzer, Experiment Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental method (2000). 3. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University Press. 4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, , McGraw Hill Book Co., New York (1986). 5. Alexander, R. R., J. M Griggiths and M. L. Wikinson, Basic Biochemical Methods, John Wiley & Sons. 6. Wooton, I. D. P., Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, J&A Churchill.

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SPECIALIZATION IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Course Title: Chromatographic Methods of Analysis Paper-III, Code: CHEM- 351 Credit Hours: Course contents Paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, Theory and applications. Gas chromatography, basic principles, instrumentation and applications. High pressure liquid chromatography, partition chromatography, adsorption chromatography, liquid solid chromatography and Ion Exchange chromatography. Basic principles instrumentation and applications. Recommended Books 1. Skoog. Holler. Nieman. Principles of instrumental analysis, fifth edition, Thomson Learning Academic. 2. M.H. Willard, L.L. Merrite, Jr.J.A. Dean, instrumental metods of analysis, Van Nostrand. New York. 3. H.G. Gsssidy, fundamental chromatography, inters science publications, New York. Course Title: Nuclear Chemistry Paper-IV Code: CHEM-352 Credit Hours: Course contents Nuclear Reactions Nature of nuclear reactions, nuclear reaction mechanism, Nuclear cross sections, excitation functions, types of nuclear reactions, fission and fusion reactions and photonuclear reactions, Radioactivity decay, detection and interaction of radiations Half life and average life of radioactive species, types of radioactive equilibrium, units of radioactivity. Radioactive decay series, Determination of half lives, radiation detection and measurements, Geiger mullar counters, scintillation counters. Interaction of radiation with matter. Determination of alpha and beta particles range. Books Recommended 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. G. F. Friellander, J. W. Kennedy, and J. M. Miller, Nuclear and Radiochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York Kaplan Traving, Nuclear Physics, Pak Publishers, Karachi. Glasstone Samuel, Source book on atomic energy, von Nostrand, New York. W. M. Gibbson, Nuclear reactions, Penguin books Inc., New York. J. M. Reid, The atomic nuclear reactions, Penguin books Inc., New York. Chopman and Ryedberg, Nuclear chemistry, Prentice Hall, New York.29

03

Marks: 100

03

Marks: 100

Course Title: Bio Inorganic Chemistry Paper-V Code: CHEM-353 Credit Hours: Course contents Biochemistry of selenium, Bio Chemistry of Organo selenium Compounds, Antioxidant Activity of Organoselenium Compounds, Toxicology of Organoselenium Compounds; The biochemistry of iron, Iron storage and transfer in bacteria, ion transport, haemoglobin and myoglobin, nature of haemo-dioxygen , Model systems, cyto chromes, P/450 enzymes, iron sulphur protein , ferrodoxins, haemoerthrins, the biochemistry of Zn, Cu. Co, Mg, F2, I2 and Alkaline earth metals. Books Recommended 1. F.A. Cotton, and S.W, Advanced inorganic chemistry, John Wiley and sons, New York. 2. F. Basolo and R. Johnson, Mechanism of inorganic reactions, John Wiley and sons, New York. 3. F. Basalo and R. Johnson, Coordination chemistry, W.A. Benjamen , Row Publishers, New York. 4. J. E. Huheey, Inorganic Harper and Row Publisher, New York. 5. D. Jonson, Mechanism of inorganic reaction in solutions, McGraw-Hill, London. 6. Nicolaou, K. C.; Petasi, N. A. Selenium in Natural Products Synthesis; CIS: Philadelphia, PA, 1984. 7. Paulmier, C. SeleniumReagents and Intermediates in Organic Synthesis; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1986. 8. Patai, S.; Rappoport, Z. The Chemistry of Organic Selenium and Tellurium Compounds;Wiley: New York, 1986; Vol. 1. Course Title:Spectroscopic Methods of analysis-Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 354 Credit Hours: 03 Course contents General introduction to spectroscopy Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Origin of spectra, excitation methods spectrographs and its qualitative and quantitative applications. UV/ Visible spectroscopy Basic instrumentation of U.V/visible spectrophotometers, Spectra of transition metal complexes, applications of the principles related to electronic transition. Structural evidence from electronic spectra Emission spectroscopy Atomic emission spectroscopy, qualitative and quantitative applications in inorganic chemistry.30

03

Marks: 100

Marks: 100

Books Recommended 1. C.N.Banwale, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, New York. 2. Skoog. Holler. Nieman. Principles of instrumental analysis, fifth edition, Thomson Learning Academic. 3. M.H.willard, L.L.Merrite, J.J A.Dean, instrumental methods of analysis, Van Nostrand, New York. 4. R.D. Braun, introduction to instrumental analysis. Mc. graw-Hill, new york, 1987. Advance Inorganic chemistry laboratory Advance inorganic laboratory/research Credit Hours = 03

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SPECIALIZATION COURSES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Course Title: Chemistry of Hetrocycles Paper- III Credit Hours: 03 Course contents Introduction, significance and applications. Nomenclature of hetrocyclic compounds according to IUPAC, Hantzsch-Widmann-Pettersen system and SMILES. Geometry and Stereochemistry of heterocyclic compounds Saturated, Unsaturated and Aromatic Hetrocycles, aromaticity, Tautomerism in small to large ring hetrocycles. Chemistry of Furan, Thiophene and pyrrole; synthesis of indole and isoindoles; chemistry of pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline; occurrence of hetrocyclic compounds. Photochemistry Woodward and Hofmann rule: Introduction, excitation and the excited state. Intramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond, carbonyl group, and cycloaddition reaction. Generalized woodward and Hofmann rules for concerted reactions. Recommended Books 1. 1R. K. Bansal, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, 4th ed., New Age international. Pvt. Ltd., India (2005). 2. T. Eicher and s. Hauptmann, The Chemistry of Hetrocycles,George Thieme Verlag, New York(1995). 3. J. A. Joule, K. Mills, G.F. Smith, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, Stanely Thomes Publication Ltd.; (1998). 4. R. H. Acheson, An introduction to Chemistry of Hetrocycles, John Wiley, New York (1987). 5. M. Samisburg, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry (2001) 6. H. Charles, Deputy and S. Orville, Chapman, Molecular reaction and photochemistry. Prentice Hall. New York. Course Title Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry Paper- IV, Code: CHEM- 352 Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents Introduction Fundamental of spectroscopy. UV-Visible Spectroscopy: Introduction, theory, Instrumentation and sample handling. Infra Red Spectroscopy: Introduction, theory, Instrumentation and sample handling. Mass Spectroscopy: Introduction, theory, Instrumentation and sample handling. Applications: Structure elucidation of simple organic molecules by UV, IR and MS. Books Recommended32

Code: CHEM- 351

Marks = 100

Marks: 100

1. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G.M. and Kriz, G.S., Introduction to spectroscopy: a Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, Thomson Learning, Australia (2001). 2. Silverstein, R. M. Webster F.X. and Kiemle, D.J. Spectrometeric Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA (2005). 3. Brown, D.W., Floyed, A.J. and Sainsury, M. Organic spectroscopy, 1. Wiley and Sons, Chichester (1998). 4. Willians, D. H. and Fleming, I. Spectroscopic methods in organic Chemistry, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Book. Co., Lodon (1987). 5. Younas, M. Organic Spectroscopy, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore (2004). 6. Kalsi, P.S. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. 7. Lambert, J. B, Shurvell, H. F., Lightner, D. A. and Cooks, R. G., Introduction to Organic Spectroscopy, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 8. Williams D. H. and Fleming, I., Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, Athlone Press, London. 9. Atta-ur-Rehman, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, UGC, Islamabad. 10. Davis, R. and Freason, M., Mass Spectrometry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

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Course Title: Credit Hours: 03 Course contents

Stereochemistry Paper- V Marks: 100

Code: CHEM- 353

Introduction History and Significance. Static Stereochemistry: Structure and Symmetry, configurations and conformations, methods for determination of relative and absolute configuration, stereochemical nomenclature. Types of Chirlity: Central, Axial and planar chiral compounds , atropisomerism, molecular overcrowding and cyclostereisomereism. Dynamic stereochemistry; steereochemical reactions, stereoselectivity and stereospeciticity, prostereoisomerism and prochirility. Analytical methods: determination of enantiomers and distereomers composition using chiroptical, chromatographic and NMR spectroscopic methods. Resolution: Diasteroisomers formation , Chiral derivatization agents (CDAs), Chiral resolving agents (CRAs), chromatographic kinetic, mechanical and enzymetic resolutions, preferential crystallization. Book Recommended 1. Eliel, E. L.; Wilen, S. H Doyle, M.P. and Michael, P. Basic Organic Stereochemistry, Willey Inter Science, New York (2003). 2. Kalsi, P. S. Sterochemistry and mechanism through Solved problems, new age international publishers, New Delhi, India (2001). 3. Mislow, K. Introduction to stereochemistry, W.A. Benjamin, New York (1966). 4. Morris, D.G. Stereochemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. (2001). 5. M. North. Principles and application of stereochemistry, Stanely Thornes: Cheltenham, UK (1998). 6. Morrison, R. T. and Boyd, R. N., Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.

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Course Title: Organic synthesis Paper-VI Credit Hours: 03 Course contents

Code: CHEM- 354 Marks: 100

Oxidations/Reduction Reactions, an introduction to carbon-carbon bond synthesis, Reactive intermediates, Pericyclic reactions. Books Recommended 1. March, J. Advanced Organic chemistry: Reaction, Mechanism and Structure, 5th ed., John Wiley, New York (2007). 2. Caruthers, W. Some modern methods of organic Synthesis, 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1986). 3. Aansari, F.L., Quershi R. and Quershi, M.L. Electrocyclic Reactions, John Wiley and Sons (1999). 4. Norman, R.O.C. Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed., Chapman and Hall, London (1993). 5. Carey, F. A. and Sundberg, R. J., Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A: Structure and Mechanisms, Kluwer Academic /Plenum Publishers, New York. 6. Sykes, P., A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. 7. McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, California. 8. Solomons, T. W. G. and Fryhle, C. B., Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Advance Organic Chemistry Laboratory/Research Thesis Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100

Multistep synthesis of different types organic compounds, purification and identification of synthesized compounds by physical and chemical methods. Books Recommended 1. Clarke, H. T., A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi. 2. Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. 3. Vogel, A. I., Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3: Quantitative Organic Analysis, Longman, London. 4. Vishnoi, N. K., Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 5. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R., Vogels Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, National Book Foundation, Islamabad.35

6. Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C., The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 7. Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K., Vogels Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson Education, New Delhi. 8. Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Athlone Press, London. 9. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. Introduction to Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, Saunders Golden Sunburst Series, London. 10. Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 11. Kalsi, P.S. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. 12. Palleros, D. R., Experimental Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

36

SPECIALIZATION IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Course Title: Statistical Thermodynamics Paper-III Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM- 371 Marks: 100

Permutation and probability, Partition functions. The relationship of partition function to the various thermodynamic functions like translational energy, vibrational energy, rotational energy, entropy, heat, enthalpy, pressure, Gibbs free energy, Entropy of mixing of gases, heat capacity etc. Transitional, vibrational and rotational partitional functions and equilibrium constant. Books Recommended 1. Gasser R.P.H. and Richards W.G. Entropy and Energy Levels Oxford University Press (1974). 2. Wayatt P.A.H. The Molecular Basis of Entropy and Chemical Equilibrium Royal Institute of Chemistry London (1971). 3. Smith E.B. Basic Chemical Thermodynamics 4 Press(1990).th

ed. Oxford University

4. Seddon J.M. and Gale J.D. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics Royal Soc Chem, UK (2002). 5. Aston J.G. and Fritz J.J. Thermodynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics John-Wiley, New York (1987). Course Title: Polymer Chemistry Paper-IV Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM- 372 Marks: 100

Introduction to Polymers. Step-growth Polymerizations. Polymer chain growth. Kinetics of polymer chain growth. Copolymerization. Emulsion Polymerization. Natural and Inorganic Polymers. Physical Aspects of polymers. Molecular Weight of Polymers: Distribution, averages, and methods of determination. Viscosity. Osmometry. Light scattering method. Diffusion, sedimentation. Optical rotation method. Structure of Polymer Chain: Introduction to chain isomerism, stereochemistry, configurations, and conformations. (not in Hiemenz). Amorphous State of Polymers: In depth examination of polymer conformation, microstructure, and dynamics in the amorphous state. Polymer viscoelasticity: Stress relaxation, mechanical models of polymer behavior, timetemperature superposition, perhaps rheology. Crystalline State of Polymers: crystallization and kinetics, crystalline structures, experimental methods. Polymer Solutions and Blends: Recommended Books 1. Hiemenz P.C. Polymer Chemistry: The Basic Concepts Marcel Dekker (1984).

37

2. Stevens M.P. Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction Oxford University Press (1999). 1. Allcock H.R. and Lampe F.W. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry Prentice-Hall (1990). 3. Rudin The Element of Polymer Science and Engineering Academic Press (1990). 4. Sperling L.H. Introduction to Physical Polymer Science Wiley Interscience (1992). 5. Boyd R.H. and Phillips P.J. The Science of Polymer Molecules Cambridge (1993). 6. Malcolm P.S. Polymer Chemistry Oxford University Press (2005). 7. Ravue, Principles of Polymer Chemistry 2 ed. Plenum Publishers (2000). Course Title: Quantum Chemistry Paper-V Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM- 373 Marks: 100nd

Limitation of classical mechanics, wave and particle nature of matter, de-Broglies equation, Heisenbergs uncertainity principle, concept of quantization of energy, Operators and their properties. Types of operators, Hemaltonian operator, Hermition operator, Angular momentum. Postulates of quantum chemistry, Eigen function and Eigen values, general wave equation, Schrdinger wave equation (Time dependent + Time independent). Particle in one dimensional box, three dimensional box, hydrogen atom and harmonic oscillator, comparision between general wave equation and Schrdinger wave equation, Central field problem. Approximate methods. Perturbation methods. Many electron systems. Treatment of simple harmonic oscillator, diatomic rigid rotor. Valence bond and molecular orbital theories. Pi-electron calculations. Books Recommended 1. Micheal D.F. Elements of Quantum Mechanics Oxford University Press (2005). 2. Griffiths, David J., Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 2 ed., Prentice Hall (2004). 3. Hayward, David O., Quantum Mechanics for Chemists 1 ed., John Wiley (2003). 4. House, James E., Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics 2 ed., Elsevier-Academic Press (2003). Course Title: Photochemistry Paper-VI Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM- 374 Marks: 100nd st nd

38

Scope of photochemistry. Energy transfer in photochemical reaction. Quantum yield of emission process radiation and nonradiation process. Kinetics and Quantum yields of radiative and nonradiative process (fluorescence, phosphorescence, inter system crossing, internal conversion , quenching), and Stern-Volmer reactions. Photosensitized reactions. Photochemical reaction in gas phase and in solutions. Flash photolysis. Advance approach to kinetics of photochemical reactions. Applied photochemistry. Atmospheric photochemistry. Photosynthesis, photochemistry of polymers, photomedicines. Techniques in photochemistry, introduction, light source. Incandescent filament lamps, discharge lamps, lasers, synchrotron reaction. Books Recommended 1. Calvert J.G. and Pitts J.N. Photochemistry John Wiley, New York (1966). 2. Suppan P. Principles of Photochemistry, the Chemical Soc., UK (1973). 3. Albert R.A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G.B. Physical Chemistry. 4 ed., John Wiley and Sons (2004). 4. Ball D.W. Physical Chemistry 1 ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003).st th

Advanced Physical Laboratory Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100

Specific experiments may be set making use of the following instruments depending upon their availability. Special experiments may also be designed for which a specimen list of instruments is given below. For the innovative designing of experiments the Journal of Chemical Education may be consulted. Instruments: PH-meter , Conductivity meter ,Dipole meters, Electrogravimetric apparatus,UV/Visible spectrometer Infrared spectrophotometer, spectrometers Atomic absorption spectrophotometer,Stopped flow

Gas Chromatography, HPLC ,Light Scattering Instruments Practical Determination of partial molar quantities. Determination of free energy changes, standard free energies. Verification of Kohlrausch law. Study of temperature dependence of electrode potentials.39

Determination of heat of solution, ionic reactions and other experiments from thermochemistry. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method. Precipitation value of electrolytes. Measurement of IR spectra of simple compound and their interpretation. Measurement of cyclic voltammogram of an organic compound and its interpretation. Determination of dipole moment of an organic liquid. Determination of percentage composition of KMnO4-K2Cr2O7 in given solution by spectrometry. Evaluation of pKa value an indicator by spectrometric method. Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles and their characterization using IR and XRD techniques. Books Recommended 1. Braun R.D. and Walters F. Application of Chemical Analysis (1982). 2. David P. Experiments in Physical Chemistry 5 ed. (1989). 3. James A.M. and Prichard F.E. Practical Physical Chemistry 3 ed. Longman (1974). 4). Shoemaker D.P., Garland C.W. and Nibler J.W. Experiments in Physical Chemistry McGraw Hills, New York (1989).rd th

40

M.SC, 2ND YEAR, SEMESTER-IV (FINAL SEMESTER) Course Title: Environmental Chemistry Paper-I1 Credit Hours: 03 Fossil fuels and energy sources Origin and development of coal: Origin and reserves of petroleum and natural gas, composition and classification of petroleum, refining, and environmental problems associated with petroleum, nuclear fission reactors, solar energy, power synthesis, tidal and geothermal energy, synthetic chemical fuels, the H economy, electrochemical energy conversion, conservation of free energy, the energy balance of the earth. Soils and mineral resources Estimating reserves of mineral resources of earth, extraction of metal-general principles, iron, steel, aluminium, copper and other metals, sulphur and nitrogen. Organic matter in soil, soil nutrients, ion exchange in soils, solid pH and nutrients availability. Books Recommended 1. Anil Kumar, Environmental chemistry, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi J. W. Moore & E. 2). A. Moore, Environmental chemistry, Academic Press, New York. 2. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Prentice Hall, Delhi. 3. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Tata Publisher, Delhi. 4. Staneley E. Manahan, Environmental chemistry, Brooks, California. Code: CHEMMarks: 100

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SPECIALIZATION ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SEMESTER- IV Course Title: Advanced Analytical Chemistry Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 411 Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100 Course Contents 1. DTA and TGA: Basic principles, instrumentation and applications, thermal analysis and calorimetry. 2. Automation in analytical chemistry: Instrumental parameters for automated instrument, automated process and instruments in process control and clinical laboratory. 3. Preparation of sample for the analysis. Books Recommended 1. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. 2. Gary D. Christian, James E. OReilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. 3. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New York. 4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan and Co. New York. 5. F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B, London. Course Title: Electro-Analytical Techniques Paper-VII Code: CHEM-412 Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100 Course Contents 1. Electrode Phenomenon: The electrochemical cell. Oxidation and reductions potentiometric methods, various types of electrodes and their use, over potentials membrane potentials, some well known redox reactions of analytical importance, ion selective electrodes, direct potentiometric measurement, potentiometric titration. 2. Voltammetry: Principal of voltammetry, Instrumentation, different modes of polarography. Application of the inorganic and organic analysis, Principles of stripling voltammetry, types of stripling voltammetry and application analysis of cation and anions. 3. Introduction to Coulometry and Amperometry. 4. Electrophoresis; Basic theory, instrumentation and applications 5. Radiochemical methods: Neutron activation analysis, isotopic dilution method, radiometric methods, application Books Recommended Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. Gary D. Christian, James E. OReilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New York.42

I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan and Co. New York. Course Title: Spectroscopy and Advanced Instrumentation Paper-VIII ,Code:CHEM-413 Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100 Course Contents: Principles of molecular fluorescence, instrumentation, analytical parameters and analytical applications. Principles of flame photometry, instrumentation, application of flame photometry and interferences. Principles of atomic fluorescence, instrumentation, analytical parameters and analytical application. NMR Spectroscopy, principles and interpretation of spectra. Introduction to X-Rays spectroscopy Books Recommended Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. Gary D. Christian, James E. OReilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New York. F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B, London. Willard, Meritte and Dean, Instrumental Analysis, D. Van Nostrand, New York. Advanced Instrumental Chemistry Practical/Research Project Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100

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SPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY Course Title: Cell Biology Paper-VI Credit Hours: 03 Course Content Cell theory; Structure and chemical composition of cell, Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Cell organelles Lysosome, Micro-bodies, Mitochondrial structure and the conservation of chemical energy, Chloroplast structure, Plasma membrane, Cell wall, Mechanism of photosynthesis, Separation of cell organelles, Functions of cell organelles. Membrane transport The concept of the unit membrane, Fluid mosaic model, Surface receptors and membrane mediated control.. Active and Passive transport, Actin filaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments. Cell movements Structure and function of cytoskeleton, Centriole, Cilia and Flagella, Mitotic apparatus. Cell surface and cell communication, Cell adhesion and junctions, Signal transduction and receptor functions, Cell membrane receptors. Cell division Eukaryotic cell cycle, Mitosis and meiosis. Apoptosis and Necrosis. Books Recommended 1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, (2008) 5th Editon .B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts & P. Walter Garland Sciences. 2. Molecular Cell Biology (2000) 4th Edition. H. Lodish, A. Berk, L. Zipursky, P. Matsudaira, D. Baltimore & J. Darnell. W.H. Freeman. 3. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments (2008) by G. Karp John Wiley & Sons. Course Title: Immunology Paper-VII Code: CHEM- 43244

Code:CHEM- 431 Marks: 100

Credit Hours: 03 Introduction

Marks: 100

Historical background, general concepts of the immune system. Innate and adaptive immunity; Inflammation - general properties.Structure, properties and functions of the immune cells & organs Hematopoeisis, T and B-lymphocytes, NK cells; Monocytes and macrophages; Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.Mast cells and dendritic cells. Thymus and Bone marrow; Lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, GALT and CALT. Antigens and haptens Properties (foreignness, molecular size, heterogeneity). B and T cell epitopes. Tdependent and T- independent antigens. Antibodies Structure, function and properties of the antibodies; Different classes and biological activities of antibodies; Antibody as B cell receptor, antigenic determinants on antibodies (isotype, allotype and idiotype). Genesis of antibody variability (definitions of combinatorial joining, junctional flexibility, somatic hypermutation, class switching, allelic exclusion, immunoglobulin superfamily). Hybridoma technology, monoclonal antibodies and abzymes, Introduction to antibody engineering (definitions of chimeric and hybrid monoclonal antibodies).Major histocompatibility gene complex Organization of MHC. Structure and cellular distribution of HLA antigens. Complement system Components of the complement activation - classical, alternative and lectin pathways. Biological consequence of complement activation and names of complement deficiencies.An overview of maturation and activation of B and T cells B-cell maturation in bone marrow, humoral immune response, primary and secondary immune response, generation of plasma and memory B cells. T cell maturation in thymus, thymic selection, self MHC restriction of T cells, T cell receptor complex, T cell activation, co-stimulatory signals, clonal expansion, generation of effector and memory T cells. Antigen presenting cells, antigen processing and presentation pathway (cytosolic and endocytic). Cell mediated immunity Cell types (CTLs, NK cells, macrophages and TDTH cells), effector mechanisms and effector molecules of cell mediated reactions. Assessment of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cytokine properties and functions of IL-1 to IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN- . Regulation and modulation of immune response A general account. Adjuvants, tolerance, immunopotentiation and immunosuppression Immunological principles of various reactions and techniques. Affinity and avidity, cross reactivity, precipitation, agglutination, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA (indirect, sandwich,45

competitive, chemiluminescence, ELISPOT assay), western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and fluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy. Hypersensitivity Types and mechanism of hypersensitive reactions. Autoimmunity Mechanisms of induction of organ specific (Hashimotos thyroiditis, autoimmune anemias, Goodpastures syndrome, IDDM), and systemic (SLE, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic approach Transplantation immunology Types of grafts, immunologic basis of graft rejection, properties and types of rejection, tissue typing, immunosuppressive therapy and transplants to immunologically privileged sites. Immunity and tumors Types of tumors, tumor antigens (TSTA and TAA), immune response to tumors. Tumor evasion of the immune system. Immunotherapy for tumors. Immunodeficiency disorders Animal models of primary immunodeficiency (nude mouse and SCID mouse). Specific impaired functions in lymphoid lineage (SCID, Waldanstorm agamaglobulinemia, DiGeorge syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency), myeloid lineage (CGD, congenital neutropenia, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome and leucocyte adhesion deficiency). Books Recommended 1. Medical Immunology 10th Editon by T.G. Parslow, D.P.Stites, A.I. Terr & J.B.Imboden.Lange. 2. Immunology,6th Editon. by I. Riott, J. Brostoff, & D. Male. Publisher: C. V. Mosby. 3. Kuby Immunology,(2006) 6th Edition by T. J. Kindt, B. Osborne & R.A.Goldsby, W.H.Freeman 4. Principles of Microbiolgy,(1995) by R.M. Atlas

46

5. Advance Molecular Biology (1999) by W.Wisden & R. M. Twyman.

Course Title: Enzymology Paper- VIII Credit Hours: 03

Code: CHEM- 433 Marks: 100

Nomenclature, Effect of various factors on rate of reaction, Riboenzyme, General characteristics of enzymes. Classification of enzymes Oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases Enzyme catalysis Covalent catalysis, Acid base catalysis, Substrate specificity, Isozymes, Coenzymes, Cofactors, Enzyme activity, Regulation of enzyme activity, Proximity and orientation. Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver-Burk Plots, Michaelis-Menten equation, Multienzyme system, Bisubstrate reactions, Catalytic mechanisms, Regulatory enzymes, Immobilised enzyme, Enzyme activity. Enzyme Inhibition Enzyme inhibitors, Types of inhibition, Feedback inhibition, Allosteric inhibition Books Recommended 1. Biochemistry (2007) 6th edition by J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko & L. Stryer W.H. Freeman & Co. 2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry (2008) 3rd Ed. by D. J. Voet, G.J. Voet and C. W. Pratt. J. Wiley & Sons Inc. 3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H. Freeman Publishers 4. Biochemistry. (1999) 3rd Ed. by C. K. Mathews, K. E. Van Holde, & K.G. Ahern. Prentice Hall. 5. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 27th Ed. By R.K. Murray, D.K. Grannar, V.W. Rodwell. McGraw Hill. 6. Modern Experimental Biochemistry (1993) by R.F. Boyer. Benjamin-Cummings pub.47

Co. 7. Varleys Pratical Clinical Biochemistry (1991) 5th Edition byA.H. Gowenlock and M. Bell. CBS Publishers & Distributors. 8. Text Book of Biochemistry (1971) by B. Harrow and A. Mazur W.B.Saunders Company. Course Title: Molecular Evolution Paper- IX Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM- 434 Marks: 100

Introduction to Evolution, Systematics, Patterns of Evolution, Macroevolution: Fossils Microevolution: Natural Selection, Species and Speciation, Conflict and Cooperation Evolution and Society Books Recommended 1. Ayala, F.J. and Kiger, Jr. 1980. Modern Genetics. 2. Page, R. and E. Holmes. 1998. Molecular evolution: a phylogenetic approach. Blackwell, London. 3. Yang Z.2006. Computational Molecular Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. 4. Graur, D. and W. H. Li 2000.Fundamentals of molecular evolution. 2nd Edition, Sinauer Associates, Massachussetts. 5. Li, W. H. 1997. Molecular Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts. 6. Nei, M and S. Kumar.2000. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7. Gillespie, J. H. 1998. Population genetics:a concise guide.John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Course Title: Advanced Biochemistry Lab/Research Project Credit Hours: 03 1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 2. Study of cell structure using compound microscope and elucidation of ultra-structure from electron microphotographs. 3. Cell structure in the staminal hair of Tradescantia.48

Marks: 100

4. Cellular reproduction, mitosis: smear/squash preparation of onion roots/cheek cells. 5. Extraction and estimation of enzymes from plant source. Acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of glycogen and starch 6. Biosynthesis of enzymes by fungi and bacteria. 7. Effect of Temperature, Substrate concentration and Enzyme concentration on enzyme activity. 8. Analysis of normal and abnormal constituents in urine 9. Analysis of organic and inorganic constituents of blood 10. Estimation of different vitamins 11. Separation of subcellular fractions in cells 12. Enzymes: Purification and kinetic studies of invertase,lactic dehydrogenase, and peroxidase 13. Electrophoresis of plasma proteins, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Agarose electrophoresis of DNA. 14. Cultivation of microorganisms in laboratory using solid and liquid culture media, test tube, Petri plates Books Recommended 1. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000). 2. Swotzer, Experiment Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental method (2000). 3. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University Press. 4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York (1986). 5. Alexander, R. R., J. M Griggiths and M. L. Wikinson, Basic Biochemical Methods, John Wiley & Sons. 6. Wooton, I. D. P., Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, J&A Churchill. 7. Gowenlock, A. H., Varleys Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th ed., Heinemann Professional Publishing, Oxford (1988). 8. T. N. Pattabiraman. Laboratory Manual in biochemistry. India Publishers (1988).49

9. Gosling, J. P. Immunoassay: laboratory Analysis and Clinical application (1994). 10. Sauhney, Introductory Practical Biochemistry (1998).

50

SPECIALIZATION IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Course Title: Advanced Spectroscopic Methods of analysis-Paper- VII CHEM- 451 Credit Hours: Course contents Infra red spectroscopy: Basic instrumentation and Applications to the determination of structure of inorganic compounds. Raman spectroscopy: Basic instrumentation and Applications. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Basic principles and instrumentation and applications to structure determination. Books Recommended 1. 2. 3. C. N. Banwale, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, New York. Skoog. Holler. Nieman. Principles of instrumental analysis, fifth edition, Thomson Learning Academic. M. H. willard, L. L. Merrite, J.J A.Dean, instrumental methods of analysis, Van Nostrand, New York. Course Title: Inorganic Reaction mechanism Paper- VIII,Code: CHEM-45 Credit Hours : 03 Course contents Ligand replacement reactions D, ID, Ia and A mechanisms, activation parameter, order and rates of reaction, formation of complexes from equations, acid and base hydrolysis, displacement reaction in square complexes , trans effect, substitution reactions and mechanism of substitution in tetrahedral complexes. Electron transfer processes Outer sphere reactions, ligand bridge (inner sphere) reactions, two electron transfer and redox reactions. Theories of Acid-Base Acid-Base and Donor-Acceptor Chemistry: Acid and Base Strength; Hard and Soft. Acids and Bases; Books Recommended51

Code:

03

Marks: 100

Marks: 100

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

F.A. Cotton, and S.W, Advanced inorganic chemistry, John Wiley and sons, New York. F.Basolo and R. Johnson, Mechanism of inorganic reactions, John Wiley and sons, New York. F.Basalo and R. Johnson, Coordination chemistry, W.A. Benjamen , Row Publishers, New York. J.E. Huheey, Inorganic Harper and Row Publisher, New York. D.Jonson, Mechanism of inorganic reaction in solutions, McGraw-Hill, London. Course Title: Elementary group theory Paper- IX Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM-453 Marks: 100

Course contents Symmetry elements and symmetry operations, point groups, properties of groups, matrices, transformation of matrices, character tables and their applications in hybridization, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Books recommended 1. 2. 3. Cotton F.A. Chemical Applications of Groups Theory Interscience Publishers (1963). Lowell Hall H. Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry McGraw Hill Book Company (1969). Vincent A. Molecular symmetry and Group Theory, John Wiley &sons, London, (1977)

Course Title: Organometallics and Catalysis Paper- X Code: CHEM-454 Credit Hours: Course contents Definition and classification of organometallic compounds, sigma bonded organometallic compounds (Metal alkyls and Grignard reagents). Synthesis, properties and nature of bonding in pi complexes such as 2-7. Catalysis, Types of catalysis, Organic synthesis via transition metal complexes (Hydroformylation, olefin hydrogenation, polymerization of ethene and oxidation of ethene to acetaldehyde). Books Recommended 1. 2. 3. 4. M. Bochmann. Organometallic-1. Oxford University press (1994). M. Bochmann. Organometallic-2. Oxford University press (1994). A. Yamamoto. Organotransition metal chemistry. John wiley & sons, USA (1986). P. Pawell. Principles of organometallic chemistry. 2nd edition, Chapman and Hall, New York (1988).52

03

Marks: 100

Advance Inorganic Laboratory/ Research Project Credit Hours = 03 Marks : 100

SPECIALIZATION COURSES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic Chemistry Semester- IV Course Title: Natural Product Chemistry Paper -VII Credit Hours: 03 Course contents Introduction to Natural Product: Primary and Secondary Metabolite and drug discoveries from Natural Products, Alkaloids Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of ephedrine, nicotine quinine, and morphine. Terpenoids Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of citral, -terpineol, pinene and camphor. Steroids Introduction; nomenclature and stereochemistry of steroids; structure determination of cholesterol and bile acids; introduction to steroidal hormones with particular reference to adrenal cortical hormones. Books Recommended 1 2 3 4 5 6 Clayden, J., Greeves, N. Warren, S. and Worthers, P. Organic Chemistry, Oxford University (2001). Mann, J., Davidson, R.S., Hobbs, J.B., Banthrope, D.V. and. Harborne, J.B, Natural Products, Longman Group Ltd., U.K.(1994). Nakanishi, K. ,Goto, T., Ioto, S. Natori, S. Nozone, S. et.al., Natural Products, Vol. 1, Academic Press Inc, New York (1974). Finar, I. L., Organic Chemistry, Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products, Vol. 2, Pearson Education, Delhi (1975). Shoppee, C. W., Chemistry of the Steroids, Butterworths, London. Hesse, M., Alkaloid Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York.53

Code: CHEM- 461 Marks: 100

7

Fieser, L. F. and Fieser, M., Steroids, Asia Publishing House, London.

Course Title:

Retro Chemistry Paper -VIII Marks: 100

Code: CHEM- 462

Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents

Introduction to retrosynthesis: concepts of synthons and retrosynthetic approach synthesis and uses: alkyl halides, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, aromatic compounds, carbonyl and nitrogen compounds. Bond formations; C-C, C-N, and C-O bond formation. Difuctionalised compounds, 1,2; 1,3; 1,4; and 1,6 cyclizations, simple intramolecular reactions such as aldol, claisen condensation an robinson annulations reaction leading to cyclic structures. Application of the concepts to target molecules. Books Recommended 1. Waren, S., Organic Synthesis-The Disconnection Approach, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1992). 2. Norman, R.O.C. and. Coxon, J.M Principles of organic synthesis, Blackie Academic and Professional, London (1993). 3. Clayden, J. Greeves, N. Warren S. and Worthers, P. Organic Chemistry, Oxford University (2001). 4. Willis, C. and Willis, M., Organic Synthesis, Oxford Science press (1995). 5. Smith, M. B., Organic Synthesis, McGraw-Hill, New York. 6. Waren, S., Workbook for Organic Synthesis-The Disconnection Approach, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 7. Loudon, G. M., Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, New York. Course Title: Name Organic Reactions Paper IX Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents Name Organic Reactions: Recent developments, mechanistic, stereochemical aspects and synthetic applications of various Name reactions: Aldol Condensation, Diels-alder reaction, Michael Addition, Robinson annulations, Knoevenagal Condensation, Clasien Condensation, Dickmann Condensation, Mannich Reaction, Wittig reaction, Peterson reaction, Heck Reaction, Friedal-Craft reaction, Favorski rearrangement, Husdiecker reaction and fischer indole synthesis, pinacole Rearrangement, Birgmann,s cyclisation,Birch reduction, Recommended Books 1. Mundy, B.P. Ellerd, M.G. Favalozo F.G. and Favalozo, Jr. Name Reactions and Reagents in Organic Synthesis, john Wiley, New York (2005).54

Code: CHEM- 463 Marks: 100

2. Smith, M. B. and Marks, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, 5th ed., John Wiley, New York (2001). 3. R.O.S. Norman, Principles of organic synthesis, 3rd ed., Chapman-Hall, London (1993). 4. Gilchrist, T.L. and Rees, C. W., Carbenes, Nitrenes and Arynes Nelson, London. 5. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. and Wothers, P., Organic Chemistry, Oxford University press New York. 6. Sykes, P.,A guide book to Mechanism in organic Chemistry longmann, London. 7. Carry, F. A. and Sundberg, R.J., Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A: Structure and Mechanisms oxford university press. 8. Bruchner, R., Advance Organic Chemistry-Reaction Mechanism Harcourt Science and Technology company, New York. Course Title: Interpretive Spectroscopy Paper- X Code: CHEM- 464 Marks: 100

Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: introduction, theory, instrumentation and sample handling. Chemical shifts in H-and C-NMR, factors affecting chemical shifts, chemical shifts equivalence and magnetic equivalence. Spin coupling: spin couplings and factors affecting spin couplings, first order spin systems. Double resonance experiments: selective spin decoupling. NOE difference spectra, H BB decoupled and DEPT spectra. Applications: shift reagents, dynamic NMR, structure elucidation of organic compounds by joint applications of UV, IR, NMR and MS. Recommended Books 1. Hesse, M. Meier H. and Zeeh, B. Spectroscopic methods in organic Chemistry, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany (1997). 2. Pavia, D.L. Lampan G. M. and Kirz, G.S., Introduction to spectroscopy, Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, USAS (2001). 3. Silverstein, R.M. Webster, F.X. and Kiemle, Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds, John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA (2005). 4. Harwood, L.M. and. Claridge, T.D.W introduction to Organic spectroscopy, Oxford University Press Inc., New York (1997). 5. Friebolin, H., Basic one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy, 4th ed., Wiley VCH, New York (2005). 6. Macomber, R.S., NMR Spectroscopy: Basic Principles and Applications, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, San Diego (1998). 7. Younas, M., Organic Spectroscopy,Ilmi kitab Khana, Lahore (2001). 8. Breitmaier, E., Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic chemistry: a Practical Guide, John Wiley, West Suessex (2002).

55

Course Title: Advance Organic Chemistry Laboratory/ Research Project Course Code: Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents Synthesis and characterization of some commercially important polymers, isolation, purification and identification of natural products, synthesis of some pharmaceutically important hetrocyclic compounds. Recommended Books 1. Clarke, H. T., A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative, CBS Publishers & Distributors , New Delhi. 2. Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. 3. Vogel, A. I., Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3: Quantitative Organic Analysis, Longman, London. 4. Vishnoi, N. K., Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 5. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R., Vogels Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 6. Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C., The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 7. Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K., Vogels Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson Education, New Delhi. 8. Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Athlone Press, London. 9. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. Introduction to Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, Saunders Golden Sunburst Series, London. 10. Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 11. Kalsi, P.S. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. 12. Palleros, D. R., Experimental Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 13. Keese, R, Muller, R. K. and Toube, T. P., Fundamentals of Preparative Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 14. Gurtu, J. N. and Kapoor, R., Advanced Experimental Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. 15. Newman, M. S., An Advanced Organic Laboratory Course, Macmillan, New York. Practical/ Research Marks: 100

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16. Zubrick, J. W., The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual: A Students Guide to Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, New York. SPECIALIZATION IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Course Title: Chemical Kinetics Paper-VII, Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM- 471 Marks: 100

Derivation of the rate equations. Theory of absolute reaction rate. Reversible reactions, parallel reactions and consecutive reactions. Correlation between physical properties and concentration. Comparison of collision and absolute reaction theories. Advanced theories of unimolecular reactions. Potential energy surfaces. Thermodynamic formulation of reaction rates. Calculation of entropy and enthalpy changes. Thermal decomposition of nitrogen pentaoxide. Recommended Books 1. Albery J., Electrode Kinetics, Clarendon, Oxford (1975). 1. Espenson, J. H. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism 2 ed., McGraw Hill London (2002). 2. Espenson J.H. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms 2 Hill, New York (1995).nd nd nd

ed. McGraw

3. Frost A.A. and Pearson R.G. Kinetic and Mechanism 2 ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York (1961). 4. Laidler K.J. Chemical Kinetics 3 ed. Pearson Education Company, New York (1987). 5. Laidler L.J. Reaction Kinetic VII, II Reaction in Solution Pergamon Press, New York (1963). Course Title: Molecular Spectroscopy Paper-VIII , Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM- 472 Marks: 100rd

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Symmetry properties of molecules. Microwave and infrared spectroscopy. Rotational, vibrational and rotational-vibrational spectra of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Electronic spectra of simple molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy. Books Recommended 1. Whiffen D. H. Spectroscopy Longmans Green and Co.: London, (1966). 2. Barrow G. Molecular Spectroscopy McGraw Hill (1962).57

1.

Becker E. D. High Resolution NMR; Theory & Chemical Application, New York, Academic Press (1980).

3. Graybal J.D. Molecular Spectroscopy, New York, McGraw-Hill (1988). Course Title: Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Paper - IX , Credit Hours: 03 Code: CHEM- 473 Marks: 100

Adsorption, types of adsorption, adsorption isotherm, Langmuir, Freundlich, B.E.T adsorption isotherm, application of B.E.T adsorption isotherm,Gas adsorption isotherm or Henry equation, Surface active and surface inactive substances, Solid surfaces. Gas solid interface. Thermodynamics of adsorption. Heterogeneous catalysis. Kinetic and mechanisms of catalyzed reactions. Adsorption at liquid surfaces. Enzymatic catalysis. Organized molecular assemblies. Colloidal solutions. Catalyst preparation methods. Industrial catalysts. Books Recommended 1. Segal H. Enzyme Kinetics John Wiley New York (1975). 2. Schlutz A.R. Enzyme Kinetics (1964) Cambridge University Press England.

Course Title: Nuclear Chemistry Paper-X Credit Hours: 03 Course Contents

Code: CHEM- 474 Marks: 100

Radioactivity, elemental particles, isotopes, isobars, isotones, transmutation and artificial radioactivity, Bohar,s theory of nuclear reaction, classification of nuclear reactions, nuclear reactions vs chemicals reactions, mass defect and binding energy, nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, Q.value of nuclear reaction. Atomic nucleus, nuclides, nuclear stability, nuclear energetic, nuclear models (shell + liquid drop model), non-spontaneous nuclear processes, nuclear reactors, beta decay systematic, nuclear spins. Atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, uses of radioisotopes in reaction mechanism, in diagnosis of diseases, in industry, in agriculture. Determination of the age of the earth by rock dating method, determination of the age of recent objects by radioactive carbon dating method. Books Recommended 1. Albert R.A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G.B. Physical Chemistry. 4 ed., John Wiley and Sons (2004). 2. Ball D.W. Physical Chemistry 1 ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003).st th

58

3. Vertes A. Basics of Nuclear Science Kluwer Academic Publisher London (2003). 4. Friedlander G. and Kennedy J.W. Nuclear and Radiochemistry 3 ed., Wiley, New York (1981). Advanced Physical Lab/Research Project Credit Hours: 03 Study of multistep reactions. Sugar analysis and inversion s