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Chemistry

Table of Contents:Chapter One: Basics for Chemistry

1.1 Units of measurement1.2 Scientific notation

1.1 Metric (SI) Units in Chemistry

Prefixes:

tera (T) 1012deca (da) 10

giga (G) 109

mega (M) 106

kilo (k) 103

micro () 10-6

hecto (h) 102

deci (d) 10^-1centi (c) 10^-2mili (m) 10^-3micro () 10^-6nano (n) 10^-9pico (p) 10^-12

Measuring Length:While measuring length you use the meter (m). The following is what we use for the prefix

usage on meters such as:-Ex: Centimeter (cm)-Ex: Micrometer (m)-Ex: Nanometer (nm)

Measuring VolumeVolume (V) is the amounth of space a substance occupies. The SI unit of volume, is cubic

meter. But, Chemists do not use cubic meters, they use the non-SI unit of volume that is smaller andmore convenient. It is the liter(L) and milileter (mL). One leter is equal to 1000 milileters.

-Ex: 1 m^3 = 1000 L

Measuring Mass:The quantity of matter a material contains is its mass. Mass is measured in the SI unit called

kilogram(kg) and gram (g). There is 1000 g in 1 kg. Do not measure weight but Mass.

Temperature:Temperature of an object tells how cold or warm something is. You can measure in Celsius or

Kelvin. Typically, we will only use Celcuis in a labrotory but if usingKelvin then use the following

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equation to change the temperature from Celcius to Kelvin.Formula: 0C = 212K

Time:To measure time use the basic seconds, minutes, hours.

1.2 Scientific Notation

You can use scientific notation on a calculater by using EE or EXP key. Only enter the power often because the calculater includes a x10 value.

Scientific Notation:

Scientific Notation can only extend two decimal points and in the ones place. It is thenmultiplied by ten to the power of whatever was the initial placement.

-EX: _._ _ *10^?-EX: 2.23 10^6 = 223,000,000.00

1.3 Combustibles

Incomplete Combustion:When the supply of oxygen is limited, incomplete reactions acur and create Carbon Monoxide.

It can be llistrated in a chemical equation by:2CHv4 (g)+ 3Ov2 (g) ----> 2CO(g) + 4Hv2O(g) + heat

Combustion of Alkanes and Alkanes Chemical Formulas:An alkane undergoes combustion when it reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water,

and energy. It is written as:Alkane +Ov2 -----> Cov2+Hv2O +energy

Propane is: Cv3Hv8

1.4 Gases

Ideal Gas Law:The Ideal Gas Law is a law that combines the four measured properties of a gas in the equation

PV = nRT. (P) is pressure, (V) volume, (T) temperature.

The Combined Gas Law:Gas laws combine into a relationship of Pressure, Volume, and Temperature.

-

P1V

1=P

2V

2

T1=T

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