chemistry for dummies - anderson1.org · chemistry for dummies author: carson, toni - powdersville...
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Chemistry 101
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Matter - Anything that takes up space and has mass. Law of Conservation of Matter / Mass - Matter is never created nor destroyed, BUT its form can change. Forms of matter : solid, liquid, gas.
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Which shows the
molecules of matter
as a solid, liquid
and gas?
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Atoms – smallest particle of matter , building block of matter.
Electrons
Negative
charge (-)
Nucleus:
Protons:
Positive (+)
charge
Neutrons:
Neutral
charge
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Parts of an Atom Example of a Nitrogen atom
Nucleus:
Protons : + charged
Neutrons : Neutral
Electrons : - charges
Atomic Mass = # of Protons + # of Neutrons
Atomic Number = # of Protons # of Electrons = # of Protons
Which is smaller, an atom or molecule?
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Element – A substance made of one atom that cannot be
broken down into any other substance.
Elements are found on the Periodic Table
(Ex. Carbon, Oxygen )
@110 known elements Element Song
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Physical Properties (Characteristics) –
Usually visible - How something looks, smells, sounds,
or tastes are all examples of physical properties.
• Melting Point –temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid.
– Ice melts at 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Boiling Point –temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas and forms bubbles.
– Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Density – Heaviness or mass of volume & will stay the same no matter how large or small.
– Ex. Lead is heavy and dense / Aluminum is lighter and less dense.
• Color – Distinctive and can be used to describe a substance.
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Argon
Ar
Melting Point:
-308.74 °F
Boiling Point:
-302.8 °F
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Sodium
Na
Melting Point: 207.9 °F
Boiling Point: 1621 °F
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COPPER
Cu
Melting Pt: 1981.4 °F
Boiling Pt: 4652.6 °F
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Chemical Properties –can only
be recognized when substances
react chemically with one another.
• Ability to rust – reacts with oxygen and
water slowly.
• Ability to burn – reacts with oxygen
quickly and releases heat and light energy.
The matter has NOT been destroyed when they
rust or burn, the form has just changed!!!!
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Review
• 1. Which kind of property can you normally
observe using your senses?
• 2. What are 2 chemical properties?
• 3. The heaviness of an item is known as
____________.
• 4. The temperature at which a solid turns
to a liquid is known as the _________
point of that substance.
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Compounds –
Separated by
chemical
means
Heterogeneous
Elements
Mixture – separated by physical
means
Pure Substances
Matter Solid, liquid, gas
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• Compound – A substance made of 2 or
more different elements that can only be
separated chemically.
(Ex. Carbon Dioxide, Water)
– Molecule – 2 or more atoms that combine.
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Which is an element
and which is a
compound? 1. Silver Metal 2. Table Salt
3. Oxygen 4. Stainless Steel
5. Iron 6. Water
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Compounds –
Separated by
chemical
means
Heterogeneous
Elements
Mixture – separated by physical
means
Pure Substances
Matter Solid, liquid, gas
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Define:
Mixture -
–Heterogeneous Mixture-
–Homogeneous Mixture- •Solution -
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• Mixture – 2 or more substances put
together physically.
– (Ex. Salad, mixed beans,
Kool-aid)
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Compounds –
Separated by
chemical
means
Heterogeneous
Elements
Mixture – separated by physical
means
Pure Substances
Matter Solid, liquid, gas
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• heterogeneous mixture - the substances are not mixed evenly
Heterogeneous Mixtures
The substances in a
heterogeneous mixture
are usually easy to tell apart.
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• A homogeneous mixture contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed & can’t easily be seen.
• A type of homogeneous mixture is a solution.
Homogeneous Mixtures
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Solutions - mixtures
where 1 substance is
dissolved into another.
•In a hummingbird feeder solution, the solute is the sugar and the solvent is water.
Define solute and solvent.
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Homogeneous or
heterogeneous?
1. Chicken soup 2. Creamy peanut butter
3. Vegetable soup 4. Jello
5. Coffee 6. Smog
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Atoms form Molecules
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Classify the following
as an element,
compound, or mixture: 1. Gold ring 2. Sugar
3. Salad dressing 4. Helium
5. Sand
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Intermission
• 1. Anything that takes up space and has mass is known as ______________.
• 2. Everything living and non-living is made of ______.
• 3. How are compounds formed?
• 4. How are elements formed?
• 5. The only way compounds can be changed is by __________ changes.
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Intermission
• 6. A mixture where the substances are not
mixed evenly is known as a
heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?
• 7. A solution is a type of _______ mixture.
• 8. If you mixed Koolaid, which part would
the water be considered?