Chemistry 152: Introduction to General Chemistry

Dr. Namphol Sinkaset

Final Exam Study Guide

Chapter 1: The Chemical World

Concepts

1. The scientific method

Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving

Concepts

1. SI units

2. Prefix multipliers

3. Derived units

Skills

1. Write numbers in scientific notation.

2. Determine signficant figures in a number.

3. Calculate with significant figures.

4. Solve unit conversion problems.

Chapter 3: Matter and Energy

Concepts

1. States of matter

2. Classifying matter by composition

3. Pysical/chemical properties

4. Physical/chemical changes

5. Temperature

Skills

1. Convert between degrees Celsius and kelvin.

2. Calculate heat given mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change.

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Chapter 4: The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Concepts

1. The nuclear atom

2. Significance of protons in elements

3. Periodic law

4. Families of elements

5. Isotopes

Skills

1. Identify atoms by their subatomic particles.

2. Recognize metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

3. Recognize main-group, transition, and inner-transition elements.

4. Recognize groups or families of elements.

5. Determine charge of main-group ions.

6. Represent isotopes using accepted symbols.

Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds

Concepts

1. Different forms of elements and compounds.

Skills

1. Recognize polyatomic ions (formula to name and vice versa).

2. Name compounds from their formula.

3. Write formulas of compounds from their name.

4. Calculate mass of compounds.

Chapter 6: Chemical Composition

Concepts

1. The mole and Avogadro’s number

2. Inherent conversion factors

3. Empirical and molecular formulas

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Skills

1. Convert between grams, moles, and number of atoms/molecules.

2. Calculate mass percent composition.

3. Determine empirical and molecular formulas from data.

Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions

Concepts

1. Strong electrolytes

2. Spectator ions

Skills

1. Balance chemical equations.

2. Use solubility rules.

3. Predict products of precipitation reactions.

4. Predict products of acid-base reactions.

5. Predict products of gas evolution reactions.

6. Recognize a redox reaction.

7. Predict products of combustion reactions.

8. Classify reactions based on what atoms do.

Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions

Concepts

1. Conversion factors from balanced equations (mole ratios)

2. Actual vs. theoretical yields

3. Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Skills

1. Perform stoichiometry calculations.

2. Perform limiting reactant calculations.

3. Perform stoichiometric calculations with heats of reaction.

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Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table

Concepts

1. Relationship between wavelength, frequency, and energy of light

2. Bohr model of the atom

3. Atomic line spectra

4. Electrons as orbitals and probability maps

5. Shells and subshells

6. Valence vs. core electrons

7. Relationship between organization of electrons and reactivity

8. Organization of periodic table into different “blocks”

Skills

1. Write electron configurations of atoms.

2. Draw orbital diagrams of atoms.

3. Recognize periodic trends of atomic size, ionization energy, and metallic character.

Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding

Concepts

1. Octet rule

2. VSEPR theory

3. Electronegativity

4. Polar bonds vs. polar molecules

Skills

1. Draw Lewis structures for covalent compounds.

2. Determine electronic and molecular geometries of covalent compounds.

3. Draw molecular structures of covalent compounds with correct perspective.

4. Determine bond and molecular polarity.

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Chapter 11: Gases

Concepts

1. Kinetic molecular theory

2. Pressure and units of pressure

3. Individual gas laws

4. Collecting gases over water

Skills

1. Convert between atm, mm Hg, and torr.

2. Perform calculations using the combined gas law.

3. Perform calculations using the ideal gas law.

4. Perform stoichiometric calculations with gases.

Chapter 12: Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Concepts

1. Intermolecular vs. intramolecular forces

2. Dispersion force

3. Dipole-dipole force

4. Hydrogen “bonding”

Chapter 13: Solutions

Concepts

1. Solute, solvent, and solution

Skills

1. Determine the mass percent concentration of a solution.

2. Determine the molarity concentration of a solution.

3. Use molarity as a conversion factor.

4. Calculate solution dilutions.

5. Perform stoichiometric calculations with solutions.

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Chapter 14: Acids and Bases

Concepts

1. Arrhenius definition of acids and bases

2. Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases

3. Acid-base titrations

4. Strong vs. weak acids and bases

5. Acidic vs. basic solutions

6. pH scale

7. Buffers

Skills

1. Identify conjugate acid-base pairs.

2. Use titration data to determine concentration of unknown solution.

3. Use Kw to calculate H3O+ or OH− concentration.

4. Calculate pH of a solution.

Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium

Concepts

1. Reversible reactions

2. Equilibrium

3. Equilibrium constants

4. Le Chatelier’s Principle

Skills

1. Write an equilibrium constant expression

2. Apply Le Chatelier’s Principle

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