Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape

Grapevine removes an appreciable amount of nutrients from soil. It has been estimated that an average crop of grape removes 40-60 kg N, 10-15 kg P and 50-70 kg K from the soil. The demand can be meet out with the application of manures and fertilizers because soil of India are generally poor in fertility and low in organic matter.

Among major nutrients, N deficiency is universal. For better nutrient use efficiency, source of nutrients, time of application, methods of application and doses of fertilizers/ nutrients are important.

Chemical fertilizers have been the key elements in enhancing the fruit production in India. Fertilizer is the macro-micro nutrients carrier which when applied judiciously to soil or foliage meets the nutrient need of the crop. It implies high fertilizer management such as split application, efficient timing and proper placement etc need to be adopted.

From the point of view of environmental protection the word judicious is very relevant in the in nutrient management. It implies high fertilizer management such as split application, efficient timing and proper placement etc need to be adopted.

Thus it is important to have an idea about source of nutrient, methods and time of application and placement of fertilizers for better nutrient use efficiency.

Objective

After completing this lesson, you will be able to :After completing this lesson, you will be able to :

Explain the different sources, doses, time and methods of application of nutrients required for chemical fertilization in grape.

Fertilizer N (%)

Urea 46.0

Calcium Ammonium

Nitrate

26.0

Ammonium Nitrate 34.0

Ammonium chloride 25.0

Calcium Nitrate 15.5

Ammonium sulphate 20.6

Sources of nitrogen

Urea

Fertilizer P (%)Single super phosphate 16.0

Rock phosphate 18.0

Bone meal 20.0

Sources of phosphorous

Single Super phosphate

Fertilizer K (%)

Potassium sulphate 52

Potassium chloride 60

Potassium Magnesium Sulphate 22

Source of potassium

Fertilizer N P K

DAP 18 46

Potassium Nitrate 13 45

NPK (15:15:15) 15 15 15

NPK (10:26:26) 10 26 26

NPK (12:32:16) 12 32 16

Mix fertilizers used as NPK source

Micronutrient Source Content (%)Copper Copper sulphate 35

Copper Cu EDTA 13

Iron Ferrous sulphate 20Iron Basic slag 13Boron Borax 11Boron Boric acid 17Manganese Manganese sulphate 24

Zinc Zinc sulphate 36

Sources of micronutrient

Doses of nutrients for five years and old vine yard

Age of the plant(in years)

Nutrient dose (g)Nitrogen Phosphorous potassium

Anab-e-Shahi 600 550 800Beauty Seedless 500 500 1000Perlette 500 1000 900Thompson SL 1000 800 800

Concentrations of micronutrients for folia spray

Copper Iron Zinc Boron Mn

0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 0.50%

Micronutrients should be sprayed at bloom and pre-bloom stage

Fertilizers Factor Fertilizers Factor Nitrogenous fertilizers Phosphatic fertilizers Urea 2.17 Single super phosphate 6.25Calcium Ammonium Nitrate

3.85 Rock phosphate 5.56

Ammonium Nitrate 2.94 Bone meal 5.00Ammonium chloride 4.0 Potassic fertilizers Calcium Nitrate 6.45 Potassium sulphate 1.92Ammonium sulphate 4.84 Potassium chloride 1.66

Potassium Magnesium Sulphate

4.55

Factor for calculating quantity of different fertilizers

Time of application• Newly planted vines:

April and June

Bearing orchard: apply half quantity of nitrogen and potash and full quantity of phosphorous just after pruning. Remaining nitrogen and potash must be applied after fruit set

Fertilizer application method

Fertilizers must be applied at a distance of 30 cm from the tree trunk to drip line in grapevine during first year.

In the subsequent years, these are applied in the 15 cm deep furrow opened in the rectangular or square plot made around the vines and then covered with soil from the alternate ridges.

In addition to source of nutrients, time of application and doses, the method of fertilizer application is also important in nutrient management

Fertilizer application methodAfter broad casting, fertilizers should be incorporated thoroughly to the soil by cultivating the top soil.

Care should be taken not to damage the roots. Urea must only be applied when the soils are moist otherwise trees must be irrigated immediately after urea application.