characteristic and structure of fungi
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Characteristic and Structure of Fungi
BY
DARMA YELIZA PUTRA
1301467
PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI
What is general characteristic of fungi? Achlorophillous (haven’t chlorophyle) Heterotrof Life as paracyte, saprofit, and can symbiosis Eukaryotik Thalus uniseluler dan ada yg multicellular
Uniseluler khamir / yeast ex : Saccharomyces Multiseluler kapang / molds/ hifa ex : Lepiota
Mengambil makanan dengan cara arbsorbsi Sel sel tidak berflagel, kecuali filum
chytridiomycota Tersebar luas di alam, tanah, vegetasi dan air
What is general characteristic of fungi?
Mampu membentuk spora Sifat : aerobik, non motil Tumbuh optimal pada pH 5,0 / t’ 25 °C Terdiri dari 4 divisi, such as ;
chytridiomycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, dan basidiomycota Glomeromycota, deuteromycota.
Tubuh disusun oleh benang –Benang yang disebut hifa. Hifa – hifa bersatu membentuk miselium. Ada pula yang miseliumnya berkembang membentuk tubuh buah.
What is general characteristic of fungi?Important
decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment
Most are multicellular, except unicellular yeast
Lack true roots, stems or leaves
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MULTICELLULAR MUSHROOM
UNICELLULAR YEAST
Kapang / Mold
Bentuk : Filamentous
Hifa bentuk vegetatif dan fase pertumbuhan
- septa
- non septa
Miselium kumpulan hifa membentuk jalinan /
interwined
Spora : - spora aseksual
- spora seksual
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Khamir / Yeast
Uniseluler
Sel berbentuk oval / bulat, ø 3 – 5 µm
Beberapa membentuk pseudohifa
rantai sel irreguler
Beberapa bersifat dimorfik
- pada suhu ruang : bentuk hifa
- pada suhu 37 °C : bentuk khamir
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The Characteristics of Fungi
Cell walls are made of chitin (complex polysaccharide)
Body is called the Thallus
Grow as microscopic tubes or filaments called hyphae
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The Characteristics of Fungi
Some are edible, while others are poisonous
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EDIBLE POISONOUS
The Characteristics of Fungi
Produce both sexual and asexual spores
Classified by their sexual reproductive structures
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Spores come in various
shapes
Berbentuk Payung
Berbentuk bulat
Berbentuk kuping
Anggota Fungi mendapatkan nutrisi melalui 3 cara :
1. Saprofit.
Menguraikan sisa bagian makhluk hidup yang sudah mati.
2. Parasit.
Mengambil nutrisi dari makhluk yang masih hidup.
Hidup bersama makhluk hidup lainnya.
3. Simbiosis.
Jamur Parasit
Hifa
Cacing Nematoda Malang
Lichen, Simbiosis Jamur dengan Algae
How the structure of fungi?
Hyphae - network of thin thread-like structures that form the “body” of a fungus
• hyphae contain cytoplasm
• hyphae grow and branch until they cover and digest the food source (upon which the fungi is growing)
• Tubular shape• ONE continuous cell• Filled with cytoplasm & nuclei• Multinucleate• Hard cell wall of chitin also in insect
exoskeletons
hypha - singular
hyphae - plural
Hyphae
Stolons – horizontal hyphae that connect groups of hyphae to each other
Rhizoids – rootlike parts of hyphae that anchor the fungus
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STOLON
RHIZOIDS
Hyphae
Cross-walls called SEPTA may form compartments
Septa have pores for movement of cytoplasm
Form network called mycelia that run through the thallus (body)
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Modifications of hyphae
Fungi may be classified based on cell division (with or without cytokinesis)
Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa)
Septate (with septa)
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NO CROSS WALLS CROSS
WALLS
Hifa formHifa form
Modifications of hyphae19
HAUSTORIA – parasitic hyphae on plants & animals
Septate Hyphae
Coenocytic Hyphae
The Fungi KingdomParts of fungi:
Mycelium - a mass of hyphaemycelia - plural
•The mycelium is usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or another food source
• A mycelium may fill a single ant, or cover many acres