chapter16 - lympatic and immune systems
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Chapter16 - Lympatic and Immune SystemsTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 16
The Lymphatic and The Lymphatic and Immune SystemsImmune Systems
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Functions of the lymphatic Functions of the lymphatic systemsystem
Maintenance of fluid balance Absorption of fats Immunity
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Lymphatic vesselsLymphatic vessels
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Which is not a function of the lymphatic system?
A.Maintenance of fluid balanceB.Absorption of fatsC.Maintenance of body temperatureD.Immunity
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Correct answer: C
Rationale: The lymphatic system plays no role in the maintenance of body temperature.
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View animation of flow of through lymphatic system
Lymph node
Lymphatic trunk
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Collecting ductsCollecting ducts
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Lymphatic organsLymphatic organs Red bone marrow Thymus Lymph nodes Tonsils Spleen
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What forms the basis of lymphatic fluid?
A.Tissue fluid left behind after capillary exchangeB.Secretions of lymph nodesC.Secretions from the cells lining lymphatic capillariesD.Plasma
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Correct answer: A
Rationale:Lymphatic fluid results from tissue fluid left behind after capillary exchange.
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ThymusThymus
View animation of maturing and training of lymphocytes in thymus
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Lymph nodesLymph nodes
Fibrous capsule
Trabeculae
Cortical nodules
Germinal centers
Sinuses
Afferent lymphatic vessel
Efferent lymphatic vessel
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TonsilsTonsils
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils
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SpleenSpleen
White pulp
Red pulp
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Spleen functionsSpleen functions Immunity Destruction of old red blood cells Blood storage Hematopoiesis
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In which lymphatic organ do T cells mature?
A.Red bone marrowB.TonsilsC.SpleenD.Thymus
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Correct answer: D
Rationale:T cells evolve from stem cells in red bone marrow, but they leave the bone marrow before maturity. Both the tonsils and spleen are lymphatic organs, but they play no role in T cell maturity.
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Immune systemImmune systemThree lines of defenseThree lines of defense
First: External barriers Second: Nonspecific immunity Third: Specific immunity
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Nonspecific immunityNonspecific immunity Phagocytosis Antimicrobial proteins Natural killer cells Inflammation Fever
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PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
View animation of phagocytosis
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Types of phagocytesTypes of phagocytes
View animation of chemotaxis
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Antimicrobial proteinsAntimicrobial proteins Interferons Complement system
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InterferonsInterferons
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Which is an important white blood cell that travels throughout the bloodstream seeking out bacteria?
A.MacrophageB.PhagocyteC.NeutrophilD.Phagosome
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Correct answer: C
Rationale:Macrophages are important white blood cells that remain fixed in strategic areas. Phagocytes are white blood cells that ingest microorganisms. A phagosome is the sac formed around a microorganism when it’s ingested by a phagocyte.
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Complement systemComplement system
View animation of complement system
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Natural killer cellsNatural killer cells Unique group of lymphocytes Roam the body Use several methods to destroy cells
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InflammationInflammation
View animation of inflammatory response
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FeverFever1. Neutrophils and macrophages secrete a
pyrogen. 2. Hypothalamus secretes prostaglandin E
(PGE).3. PGE resets body’s temperature set point. 4. The temperature rises. 5. After pathogen is gone, phagocytes stop
producing the pyrogen.6. Temperature set point returns to normal.
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Which statements about nonspecific immunity is not true?
A.It is present from birth.B.It offers protection against a wide variety of threats.C.It uses mechanisms such as inflammation, fever, and phagocytic white blood cells.D.It retains a memory of a pathogen after defeating it.
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Correct answer: D
Rationale: Nonspecific immunity does not retain a memory of a pathogen.
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Specific immunitySpecific immunity Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity Humoral (antibody-mediated)
immunity
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LymphocytesLymphocytes
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AntibodiesAntibodies
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Types of immunityTypes of immunity ActiveActive: When the body makes its own
antibodies or T cells PassivePassive: When immunity results from
an injection of antibodies from another person or animal
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Classes of immunityClasses of immunity Natural active Artificial active Natural passive Artificial passive
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Cellular immunityCellular immunity Destroys pathogens within a cell Uses three classes of T cells:
Cytotoxic T cells Helper T cells Memory T cells
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View animation of cellular immunity
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Humoral immunityHumoral immunity Focuses on pathogens outside the
cell Uses antibodies to mark antigen for
later destruction
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View animation of humoral immunity
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Allergic reactionAllergic reaction Upon first exposure, body produces
IgE. Person is now sensitized. Upon subsequent exposure, allergen
binds to antibodies. Mast cells release histamine.
View animation of allergic reaction
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Which type of immunity uses T cells to destroy pathogens within a cell?
A.Cellular immunityB.Humoral immunityC.Passive immunityD.Nonspecific immunity
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Correct answer: A
Rationale:Humoral immunity focuses on pathogens outside a cell. Passive immunity results after receiving antibodies from another person or animal. Nonspecific immunity uses a variety of mechanisms but does not use T cells.