chapter10
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Chapter 10: Emotion
Learning Objectives
1. Discuss the behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal components of an emotional response and the role of the amygdala in controlling them.
2. Discuss the nature, functions, and neural control of aggressive behavior.
3. Discuss the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in anger, aggression, and impulse control.
4. Discuss cross-cultural studies on the expression and comprehension of emotions.
5. Discuss the neural control of the recognition of emotional expression.
6. Discuss the neural control of emotional expression.
7. Discuss the James-Lange theory of feelings of emotion and evaluate relevant research.
Emotions
Emotions consist of patterns of physiological responses and species-typical behaviors
Three components behavioral autonomic hormonal
Emotions
Behavioral component muscular movements appropriate to the situation
Autonomic responses facilitate the behaviors provide quick mobilization of energy for vigorous
movement.
Hormonal responses reinforce the autonomic responses.
Emotion and the Brain
Pathways Thalamus→Cortex→Amyg
dala Thalamus→Amygdala
Amygdala Part of limbic system Fear response
Emotion and the Brain
Sympathetic Response
Amygdala projects to:
Hypothalamus→Medulla
Hormonal Response
Hypothalamus→pituitary gland
Endocrine system
The Amygdala
Lateral nucleus (LA) Classical Conditioning
Central nucleus (CE) Emotional behaviors and
responses Aversive stimuli
Basal nucleus (BA)
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (vmPFC)
The region of the prefrontal cortex
Plays an inhibitory role in the expression of emotions
Involved in extinction of a conditional emotional response
Damage impairs Behavioral control Moral Decision making
Moral Decision Making
Non-moral
Impersonal “borrow” boat to help
others
Personal Sinking life boat
Phineas Gage
Serotonin (5-HT)
Low levels of 5-HT Aggression Antisocial Behavior
5-HT agonist Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Communication of Emotions
Facial Expressions
Expression of Emotions
Recognition of Emotions
Facial Expressions
Innate responses Species typical, not culturally bound
Adaptive Behavior
Emotional Expression
Verbal and non-verbal cues Tone of voice, word choice, posture, gestures, facial
expressions
Lateralized Right hemisphere
Facial Paresis Volitional: impaired voluntary movement of facial
muscles Emotional: impaired movement of facial muscles in
response to emotion
Emotional Recognition
Verbal and non-verbal cues
Right Hemisphere
Amygdala: fearful faces shows activity before visual cortex
RL
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
The theory that emotions arise from the perception of body changes
Feeling are the result of feedback from the muscles and organs
James-Lange Theory
Sequence perceive a stimulus physiological and
behavioral changes occur
experience a particular emotion
Spinal cord injury
Recall
Facial-Feedback
Feedback from facial muscles
Simulated smile vs. simulated frown