chapter- vi profile of the study area: pune...
TRANSCRIPT
136
CHAPTER- VI
PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA: PUNE DISTRICT
6.1.0 HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
6.2.0 DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES
6.3.0 AGRO-ECONOMIC FEATURES
6.4.0 LAND USE PATTERN OF PUNE DISTRICT
6.5.0 LAND USE PATTERN OF SAMPLE TAHSIL
6.6.0 FLORICULTURE PATTERN OF PUNE DISTRICT
6.7.0 SAMPLE TAHSILS, FLOWER CROPS AND FLOWER
GROWERS
6.8.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF SAMPLE
FARMS
6.9.0 CONCUDING OBSERVATIONS
137
MAP.NO.3
PUNE DISTRICT
138
Chapter- VI
Profile of the Study Area: Pune District
Introduction
For conducting micro level studies and assessing floriculture ventures, the Pune
district has naturally chosen. Pune district is being diversified through horticulture and hi-
tech floriculture recently. Therefore, it is necessary to have an intimate about study area
mainly influenced by the climatic condition, rainfall, types of soil and other agro-
economic features. In shortly, this chapter presents an idea on land use and cropping
pattern, agro-climatic condition and horticulture pattern, floriculture situation and
information about selected tahsil, villages etc. The chapter also covers the general
information about the sample growers, their family size and educational status, land use
and cropping pattern based on primary data,
6.1.0 Historical and Geographical Features
Pune is one of historical place. It was known as „Punnata‟ in second century. At
the time of „Rastrakut‟, it was called „Punawadi‟, located at the bank of river Mula-
Mutha. In Mogul period, it was called „Kasabe Pune‟, centre of Maratha raj and capital of
Peshwai1. Many revolutionaries have contributed in India‟s freedom movement
belonging Pune.
It agreed generally that, the modern Pune came into use as early as the 13th
centuries with the small settlement named „Kasba Pune‟ by Arab commandant. After,
1730 Pune rose in prominence to the national level as a power centre due to Peshave.
Prime Minister of Maratha Empire reporting to their master, after the town had brought
139
under the control of the British rule in 1817 it served as a cantonment town as the
monsoon capital of the Bombay Presidency units the independence of India in 19472.
Pune is well known for its educational and health facilities in independent India. Now
Pune became IT city and international educational hub. It is being developed as
international city through education, health and information technology. It can be
concluded that, Pune is leading district in terms of agriculture, trade, industry, education,
health and now become information technology.
6.1.1 Location
Pune district comes under the plain zone (transitional belt) and situated at an
elevation of 55717 meter above the mean sea level. The district is located between
17054‟, 19024‟ N altitude, 73019, and 75
010‟ E longitude. The Sahyadri runs in the north-
south direction of the district over a distance of above 115 km3. Pune district bordered by
Ahmednagar district in the north, Solapur and Satara districts in the south, Ahmadnagar
and Solapur districts of the east, Raigad and Thane district of the west.
As a geographical structure Pune district, classify as under.
1. Western Ghat Zone
2. Hill Areas
3. Pathar of Eastern Zone
6.1.2 Area
Pune district occupies an area of about 15642 sq. km, which is 5per cent of the
total area of Maharashtra state. Of which 15021 sq. km. comes under rural area and 621
sq. km comes under urban area. The district has 1844 villages, 1234 grampanchayats, 13
panchayat samitees, 11 councils, 2 Municipal corporations, 3 cantonment boards and 13
tahsils namely Ambegaon, Baramati, Bhor, Daund, Haveli, Indapur, Junnar, Khed,
140
Maval, Mulshi, Purandar, Shirur and Velha. Among the 35 districts of the state Pune
ranks 2nd
in terms of area, 3rd
in terms of populations and 4th
in terms density4.
6.1.3 Climate and Rainfall
At the Western Ghat and hill region is cool and eastern region having hot and dry
climate. The maximum temperature of Pune district ranges between 34 and 410C during
April-May, while the minimum temperature varies between 50C to 10
0C in the months of
November to January
The average annual rainfall at the district is 675 mm, most of which is received
during South-West monsoon. However, medium rainfall zone at district having on
average rainfall of 900 mm, eastern region have an average between 600 to 700 mm
while western region have an average of 1171 mm5. The regularity in occurrence in
recent years has not experienced in the district.
6.1.4 Soil and Topography
Pune district possesses mainly three types of soils, viz. black-fertile, brown and
mixed type. In western region soil, type has brown and low quality while eastern region
having fertile and plain type. The richest alluvial soil track found in the Valley of
Bheema River. The rivers Velu, Ghod are left side of Bheema and Indrayani, Bhama,
Mula-Mutha etc. are at right side. Each tahsil of the district have minimum one river6.
Therefore, the agro-climatic condition of district is favourable.
6.2.0 Demographic features
Table 6.1 shows the trends of population from 1901 onwards. It clarified that
since independence population increased rapidly. During 1981-1991, population
increased by 24.76 per cent while it increased by 56 per cent during 1991-2001.
141
Table 6.1Population of Pune district: 1901 to 2001
Sr.No. Year Male Female Total
1 1901 553661 542197 1095858 (100)
2 1911 595481 581751 1177238 (107.4)
3 1921 564751 540263 1105014 (100.8)
4 1931 653480 622400 1275882(116.42)
5 1941 755979 716993 1472972 (134.41
6 1951 1006201 944775 1950976(178.03)
7 1961 1268710 1198170 2466880(225.10)
8 1971 1643864 1534165 3178029(290.00)
9 1981 2150088 204382 4164470(380.09)
10 1991 2861460 2671072 5532532(504.85)
11 2001 3769128 3463427 7232555(660.00)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage change over base year)
Source-Census of Pune District 2001
Table 6.2 Tahsil wise percentage share of population
Sr. No. Name of tahsil % Share
1 Pune city 37
2 Haveli 19
3 Baramati, Junner and Indapur 25
4 Maval and Shirur 8
5 Ambegaon and Purandar 6
6 Bhore, Mulsi and Velhe 1
Total 100
Source- Census of Pune District 2001
The total population of Pune district according to 2001 census was 7.2 million
(7.4 per cent of the total population of Maharashtra State), of which 3.7 million male and
3.4 million female and 3.02 million reside in rural areas and 4.19 million in urban areas.
The literacy rate was 80.78 per cent whereas 11.9 per cent population was below poverty
line7.
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Table 6.3 Population Indicators
Sr.No. Particular Nos.
1 Density 462
Urban 6765
Rural 202
Max(Pune city) 14652
Min( Velhe) 112
2 Resides
Urban 58 %
Rural 42%
3 Sex ratio 919
Urban 899
Rural 946
4 Literacy 80%
Male 88%
Female 72%
Rural 72%
Urban 86%
Source- Census of Pune District 2001
6.3.0 Agro-Economic Features
Some agro-economic features of the Pune district such as irrigation, communication and
transportation, agro-markets, livestock etc. have discussed below.
6.3.1 Water resources
River plays a very important role in molding the agro economy of Pune districts.
Many rivers originate from the Sahyadri ranges and flow from west to south. Bheema the
major river flows along the eastern boarder of Pune district of over 160 kms. Its
tributaries are Velu and Ghod on the left and Indrayani, Mula, Mutha and Nira at right.
During the rainy season, all these rivers swell but shrink to almost dry stream after
monsoon. The Nira flows along the southern boundary of the district for considerable
distance8.
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6.3.2 Communication and Transport Facilities
Pune district is well connected to other parts of the state by an extensive network
of roads and railway line. Besides, district also has an international airport. The highway
NH-4 (Mumbai-Bangalore) and N.H.-9 (Pune-Solapur-Hyderabad) pass through this
district. The district has a good network of roads of which 17 are national and state
highways and 277 are main district roads.
The communication network of the district has also well established with
telephone lines and ever internet connections, 70 per cent villages having at least one
communication facility9.
6.3.3 Regulated Agriculture Markets
Pune district having 11 agricultural marketing committees and 41 sub committees,
of which Junner, Ambegaon, Shirur, Khed, Maval, Pune city, Daund, Purandar, Bhor,
Baramati, Indapur have each one regulated market while Gultekadi market yard is one of
the huge inter-state market, which is separate flower market promoting flower auction.
6.3.4 Live Stock
According to 2003 data, the total live stock population of Pune district was 20.22
lakhs. Of which cows and bullock was 37 per cent. Buffalos 14 per cent, sheep and goat
48 per cent and others were 2 per cent, besides this total population of poultry birds was
54.78 lakhs. District has well developed in poultry business and egg production10
.
6.3.5 Industries and Employment
Pune is an industrially developed district. The transport and communication
facilities available here have contributed to the development of industries. Pimpri-
Chinchwad, Chakan, Baramati, Jejuri, Daund, Ranjangaon (Shirur) have industrial area,
while Hinjawadi and Talawade have IT park. Pimpri-Chinchwad belt is one of the most
industrialized areas in the country11
. Auto parts manufacturers, engineering goods and
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cloth manufacturing units are the major industries in Pune. Besides, there are about seven
sugar-manufacturing units. The district also possesses co-operative and large-scale
industries. Pune district has become a hub of IT services with IT giants establishing their
offices in the district. These industries, along with the agriculture and government sector,
provide considerable amount of employment to the population in the district as well as in
the adjoining districts.
6.3.6 Education
In 2002/03, in the 4440 primary schools and 1099 higher secondary institutes,
6.70 lakh students attended classes. There were 73 Junior colleges with 0.95 lakh students
in 2003/04, and 4 Medical, 4 Ayurved, 3 Homeopathy, 5 Law and 12 B.ed colleges, 15
Postgraduate colleges and several ITI institutes were functioning in Pune12
.
6.4.0 Land use pattern of Pune district
It can be seen from Table 6.4 the total geographical area remained constant i.e.
1562 thousand hectare during 1960-61 to 2001-02. The area under forest was decline by
4.0 per cent during the last forty-seven years. This suggests for suitable planning for
expansion of area under forests to maintain ecological balance in Pune district. The
barren and uncultivable land decreased from 10.5 per cent in 1960-61 to 6.6 per cent in
2000-01. This clarifies that, barren and uncultivable land decreased to 31.9 per cent over
the base year. The land put on non-agriculture use an increased by 41.5 per cent over the
base year. Whereas cultivable waste decreased by 16.5 per cent and land under
permanent pasture increased by 9.8 per cent, However land under miscellaneous trees,
crops, current fallow and other fallow increased 1689 per cent, 508.8 per cent and 81.4
per cent respectively. Net sown area of Pune district decreased by 2.5 per cent and area
sown more than once increased by 55.1 per cent over the base year. Eventually, it can be
seen that gross cropped area increased only 2 per cent during entire period.
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6.4.1 Changes in cropping pattern of Pune district
The details regarding the changes in the cropping pattern during 1960-61 to 2001-
02 in Pune district is presented in Table 6.5. It indicated that, the area under total cereals,
total pulses and total food grain crops was increased over a period of time. Whereas
sugarcane, fruits, vegetables and flowers showed a significant during entire period. While
total spices and fodder crop showed a decline. It clearly indicate that during the last forty-
seven years, the farmers have diverted their resources towards the commercial crops such
as cotton, groundnut, fruits, vegetables, flowers, sugarcane for getting more returns from
the farming. Rice, wheat, jawar, bajra, cereals, tur, gram, pulses, sugarcane, cotton,
groundnut, sunflower, soyabean, grapes, pomegranate, custard apple, fig, vegetables,
flowers were the major crops grown in the district.
6.4.2 Changes in irrigation pattern of Pune district
It shows from Table 6.6 that 67,143.69, 145.69, 162.04 per cent change in
irrigated pattern over the base year 1960-61 in respect to period II, period III and period
IV. Net area irrigated in 1960-61 was 1030 hectares, which increased to 2699 thousands
hectares in 2000-01. The percentage of net area irrigated to net sown area was 10.4 per
cent in 1960-61, which increased to 26.4 per cent in 2000-01. The percentage of gross
area irrigated to gross cropped area was 27.28 per cent in 2000-01. It reveals that the area
under irrigation increased significantly, which is good sign from the viewpoint of
agricultural development in Pune district. It indicates that irrigated area in 2000-01
increased by 162 per cent over the year 1960-61 but percentage change of net irrigated
area after 1991 was comparatively low. It was 77 per cent net growth during 1980-81 to
1990-91 while18 percent during 1990-91 to 2000-01.
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6.5.0 Land Use and Cropping Pattern of Sample Tahsil
The details regarding the land use pattern of sample tahsil (2001-02) is presented
in Table 6.7. It showed from Table 6.7 the total geographical area of sample tahsil ranges
from 7 to 9 per cent of district. The area under forest was highest in Khed tahsil (11.29%)
followed by Haveli (4.42%). Dound and Haveli have more cultivable waste (above 11%)
than Khed and Purandar (6 and 5%). Net sown area was more or less same (8 to 9%).
Whereas, gross cropped area was more in Dound (9.85%) followed by Khed (8.97%),
Haveli (7.89%) and Purandar (7.60 %).
The details regarding the cropping pattern of sample tahsil (2001-02) is presented
in Table 6.8. It is noted that the area under total cereals, total pulses and total food grain
crops was highest in Dound (9.28%) followed by Khed (8.91%). Sugarcane and
vegetables showed a significant proportion in Dound. Fruits were dominant place in
Haveli and Purandar. Area under oilseed seen more in Khed (21.24%) followed by
Purandar (9.69%). Fodder crop grown more in Haveli (19.46%). Gross cropped area was
more in Dound and Khed of 9.89 and 8.97per cent, respectively.
6.5.1 Area under irrigation of sample tahsil
Table 6.9 shows the area under irrigation of sample tahsil (Ha). Dound having
15.81 per cent of district total (highest proportion among sample tahsil) followed by
Haveli of 8.86 per cent, Khed of 6.68 per cent and Purandar of 4.83 per cent. As regard to
gross irrigated to gross cropped area ultimately same position have seen. Dound tahsil
was more irrigated, it was 1.5 times more than district average.
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Table 6.4 Changes in land use pattern of Pune district during 1960-61 to 2001-02
(Area in ‘00’ ha) `
Sr.No. Particulars Period I Period II Period III Per cent change over base
year
1960-61
1960-61 1990-91 2000-01 1990-91 2000-01
1. Total geographical area 15620(100) 15620(100) 15620(100) 0.00 0.00
2. Area under forest 1900(12.1) 1856(11.8) 1780(11.0) -2.3 -6.3
3. Barren & uncultivated 1655 (10.5) 1513 (9.8) 1042 (6.6) -7.4 -37.0
4. Land out on non-agriculture use 272 (1.7) 452 (3.7) 640 (4.0) 66.1 135.2
5. Cultivable waste 27 (0.1) 389 (2.4) 329 (2.4) 1340 118
6. Permanent pasture and other 293 (1.8) 597 (4.2) 656 (4.2) 103.7 141.1
7. Land under miscellaneous trees, crops,
etc.
12 (0.07) 31 (0.08) 256 (1.6) 8.3 2033
8. Current fallow 82 (0.5) 102 (3.0) 621 (3.9) 24.3 657.3
9. Other fallow 180 (1.16) 371 (2.7) 673 (4.3) 106.1 273.8
10. Net sown area 10183(65.2) 10309(65.8) 9920(63.5) 10.2 -2.5
11. Area sown more than once 917 (5.8) 1167 (7.4) 1811 (11.5) 27.2 97.4
12. Gross cropped area 11099(70.7) 11476(73.4) 11731(75.9) 3.86 6.0
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage of total geographical area)
Source-Socio-economic abstract of Pune -2007/08
148
Table 6.5 Changes in cropping pattern of Pune district during 1960-61 to 2001-02
(Area in 00 ha)
Sr.No. Particulars Period I
Period II
Period III
Period IV
Per cent change over the base year
1960-61
1960-61 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01
1. Cereals 7211
(64.9)
7802
(66.88)
8947
(67.75)
7541
(62.70)
8.1 24.0 5.1
2. Pulses 738 (6.65) 800 (6.85) 822 (6.22) 935 (7.77) 8.4 11.3 26.6
3. Total Food
grains
7950
(71.64)
8602
(73.74)
9769
(73.98)
8476
(70.47)
8.2 22.8 6.6
4. Sugarcane 131 (1.18) 269 (2.30) 452 (3.42) 668 (5.55) 105.3 245.0 409.9
5. Spices 72 (0.64) 65 (0.55) 56 (0.42) 68 (0.56) -9.7 -22.2 -5.5
6. Fruits 34 (0.30) 45 (0.38) 85 (1.64) 170(1.191) 32.3 150.0 400.0
7. Vegetables 162 (1.46) 281 (2.41) 468 (3.54) 633 (5.26) 73.4 188.8 290.7
8. Flowers N.A. N.A. 04 (0.03) 22 (0.18) - 100.0 450.0
9. Fiber crop 74 (0.66) 59 (0.50) 04 (0.03) 378 (3.14) -20.2 -94.5 410.8
10. Oil seed 425 (3.83) 691 (5.92) 101(7.70) 748 (6.21) 62.5 139.5 76.0
11. Fodder crop 2079
(18.73)
1645
(14.10)
1345
(10.18)
1208
(10.04)
-20.8 -.35.3 -41.8
12. Gross cropped
area
11096 11665 13204 12027 5.1 18-9 8.3
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentages to gross cropped area)
Source: Season and Crop report (2002) published by Department of Agriculture. Government of Maharashtra, Pune.
149
Table 6.6 Changes in irrigated area of Pune district during 1960-61 to 2001-02
(00’ha)
Sr.No. Particulars Period
I
Period
II
Period
III
Period
IV
Per cent change over the base year
1960-61
1960-61 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 PeriodII
1980.81
PeriodIII
1990-91
PeriodIV
2000-01
1. Net cropped area 9850 9990 10391 10215 1.43 5.50 3.71
2. Net irrigated area 1030 1720 2510 2699 67.00 143.69 162.04
3. Percentage at net irrigated to
net cropped area
10.4 17.2 24.1 26.4 6.8 13.7 16
4. Area sown more than once 913 1613 2932 1811 76.68 221.14 98.36
5. Gross irrigated area 1180 2010 2930 3200 70.34 148.31 171.19
6. Percentage of gross irrigated
area to gross cropped area
10.7 16.2 22.4 27.28 5.5 2.10 16.58
Source – Season and Crop report (2002) published by Department of Agriculture. Government of Maharashtra, Pune
150
Table 6.7 Land use Pattern of Sample Tahsil (2000/01)
Sr.No. Particulars Sample Tahsil District Total
Dound Haveli Khed Purandar
1 Total geographical area 128986
(8.26)
133627
(8.56)
137354
(8.80)
110313
(7.07)
1562018
(100)
2 Area under forest 4904
(2.76)
7864
(4.42)
20079
(11.29)
2221
(1.25)
178001
(100)
3 Barren & uncultivated 12064
(11.58)
14804
(14.21)
7533
(7.23)
5567
(5.35)
104226
(100)
4 Land out on non-agriculture use 7272
(11.28)
4091
(6.35)
1997
(3.10)
2641
(4.10)
64470
(100)
5 Cultivable waste 19336
(11.47)
18895
(11.21)
9530
(5.65)
8208
(4.87)
168696
(100)
6 Current fallow 4277
(11.17)
1178
(3.08)
864
(2.26)
1999
(5.22)
38320
(100)
7 Other fallow 3756
(5.59)
11162
(16.59)
5737
(8.53)
2621
(3.90)
67303
(100)
8 Net sown area 104746
(8.58)
106868
(8.75)
6601
(0.55)
99884
(8.18)
1221513
(100)
9 Area sown more than once 2745
(1.52)
10288
(5.68)
16238
(8.97)
3335
(1.85)
181165
(100)
10 Gross cropped area 115469
(9.85)
92531
(7.89)
105152
(8.97)
89100
(7.60)
1172952
(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
(Source-Socio-economic abstract of Pune -2007/08)
151
Table 6.8 Cropping Pattern of Sample Tahsil (2000/01)
Sr.No. Particulars Sample Tahsil Sample District
Dound Haveli Khed Purandar Total
1. Cereals 70652
(9.67)
42849
(5.87)
59205
(8.11)
63105
(8.64)
730716
(100)
2. Pulses 5838
(6.21)
2824
(3.00)
14248
(15.16)
3902
(4.15)
94038
(100)
3. Total Food grains 76490
(9.28)
45673
(5.54)
73453
(8.91)
67007
(8.13)
824754
(100)
4. Sugarcane 15000
(25.20)
9400
(15.79)
60
(0.11)
810
(1.37)
59540
(100)
5. Spices 631
(9.50)
513
(7.72)
1040
(15.65)
1434
(21.58)
6648
(100)
6. Fruits 321
(2.29)
1312
(9.36)
405
(2.89)
1289
(9.20)
14018
(100)
7. Vegetables 8366
(14.56)
6887
(11.99)
8624
(15.00)
4258
(7.42)
57459
(100)
8. Oil seed 2468
(2.93)
4652
(5.52)
17908
(21.24)
8166
(9.69)
84328
(100)
9. Fodder crop 10708
(8.89)
23447
(19.46)
3019
(2.51)
6015
(5.00)
120498
(100)
10. Gross cropped area 115469
(9.89)
92531
(7.89)
105152
(8.97)
89100
(7.60)
1172952
(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total) (Source-Socio-economic abstract of Pune District-2007/08)
152
Table 6.9 Area under irrigation of sample tahsil (Ha)
Sr.No. Particulars Sample Tahsil Sample
District
Dound Haveli Khed Purandar
1. Open 18246
(14.22)
9430
(7.35)
8160
(6.36)
5883
(4.59)
128358
(100)
2. Wells 24419
(16.78)
144825
(9.96)
9845
(6.77)
7152
(4.92)
145543
(100)
3. Net irrigated area 42665
(15.81)
239125
(8.86)
18005
(6.68)
13035
(4.83)
269901
(100)
4. Gross irrigated area 49150
(15.36)
25370
(7.93)
26754
(8.37)
14577
(4.56)
319995
(100)
5. Gross cropped area 115469
(9.85)
925315
(7.89)
105152
(8.97)
89100
(7.60)
1172952
(100)
6. Percentage at gross
irrigated to gross cropped
area
42.57 27.42 25.44 16.36 27.28
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source-Socio-economic abstract of Pune District -2007/08)
6.6.0 Floriculture pattern of Pune district
Pune district is leading all the way ahead of other districts in acreage and
production of flowers. Area and production of famous flowers in Pune district is showing
in Table 6.10. It shows that marigold, tuberose, rose, chrysanthemum and aster covered
major area. Marigold covered higher area i.e. 35.75 per cent where as tuberose, aster and
chrysanthemum covered 13.05, 13.45 and 11.80 per cent area, respectively, while rose
cultivation covered 4.31per cent area.
Table 6.10 Area and production of flowers in Pune district
Sr.No. Flower Area (Ha) Production (MT.)
1. Aster 900 (13.46) 3010 (L.P.)
2. Chrysanthemum 791 (11.80) 2075 (M.T.)
3. Marigold 3737 (55.75) 19172 (M.T.)
4. Rose 289 (4.31) 1192 (L.P.)
5. Tuberose 875 (13.05) 3760 (L.P.)
6. Others 110 (1.64) 76 (MT/LP)
Total 6702(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source- Data on flowers (2007-08) District Superintendent Agriculture Officer, Pune
district (GSAO), Pune.5
153
Table 6.11 Tahsil wise distribution of major flower (Ha) cultivation
Sr.No. Tahsil Aster Chrysan
themum
Marigold Rose Tuberose, Other Total
1. Ambegaon 85 71 140 27 05 08 336(5.02)
2. Baramati 03 02 231 - 166(19) - 402(6.00)
3. Bhor 03 02 06 - 11 03 22(0.33)
4. Daund - 300(38) 700(19) 40(14) 600(69) 25 1665(24.84)
5. Haveli 110 40 380 110(38) 22 20 682(10.18)
6. Indapur 62 25 43 22 26 10 188(2.81)
7. Junnar 420(47) 215(27) 710(19) 15 09 11 1380(20.59)
8. Khed 198(22) 06 220 04 06 - 434(6.48)
9. Maval - 05 95 15 02 14 146(2.18)
10. Mulshi 06 03 13 36 - 07 65(0.97)
11. Purandar - 90 1154(31) 12 .08 02 1266(18.89)
12. Shirur 13 32 44 08 19 01 112(1.68)
13. Velha - - 04 - 01 - 05(0.08)
Total 900
(13.43))
791
(11.80)
3740
(55.80)
289
(4.32)
867.08
(12.94)
101
(1.51)
6703
(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source- Data on flowers (2007-08) District Superintendent Agriculture Officer, Pune District (DSAO), Pune.5
154
6.6.1 Tahsil wise Concentration of Flowers
Table 6.11 presents the tahsil wise distribution of major flower (Ha.) cultivation.
It showed that, Dound, Junner and Purandar occupied 65 per cent area while Haveli,
Khed, Baramati and Ambegaon occupied 28 per cent area. As regard to flower crops,
Junner and Khed occupied 69 per cent of aster, Dound and Junner 65 per cent of
chrysanthemum, Dound, Junner and Purandar 69 per cent of marigold, Dound and Haveli
52 per cent of rose, Baramati and Dound 80 per cent of tuberose. It can be concluded that,
Dound, Haveli, Junner, Khed and Purandar were the famous tahsil for flower cultivation
in reference period. It is remarkable feature that, each tahsil concentrated with one or two
flower crop. This is showing in Table 6.12.
Table 6.12 Tahsil Wise Concentration of Flowers
Sr.No. Tahsil Flowers
1. Daund Tuberose, Chrysanthemum, Marigold
2. Haveli Aster, Chrysanthemum, Rose and Tuberose
3. Junnar Aster, Chrysanthemum, Marigold, Rose
4. Khed Aster and Marigold
5. Purandar Marigold, Chrysanthemum
6. Baramati Tuberose, Marigold
7. Indapur Aster, Chrysanthemum, Rose, Tuberose
8. Ambegaon Aster, Chrysanthemum , Marigold
Source- Data on flowers (2007-08) District Superintendent Agriculture Officer,
Pune district (GSAO), Pune.5
6.7.0 Sample tahsils, flower crops and flower growers
Present course of study considered five flowers namely aster, marigold rose,
chrysanthemum and tuberose. Flowers taking into account as criteria of maximum
coverage of area under flowers in 2007/08 and sold at APMC, Pune. As per this criterion,
Khed, Purandar Haveli, and Dound, tahsils were selected for aster, marigold, rose,
chrysanthemum and tuberose, respectively. Sample tahsil occupied major area i.e. Khed
for aster (198 ha), Purandar for marigold (1154 ha), Haveli for rose198 ha, Dound for
chrysanthemum & tuberose (300ha&600 ha).
155
156
6.7.1 Khed tahsil for aster crop
Khed tahsil selected as sample tahsil according to famous for aster crop, which
occupied 22 per cent of Pune district. Aster crop concentrate at Chakan region of Khed
157
tahsil that shown in Map-4. Sample villages taking into consideration as famous for aster
crop that selected from different circles which shown in Table 6.13(a).
Table 6.13(a) Distribution of sample flower grower of aster by size class (ha)
District Total-900 ha. (100%), Total of sample tahsil (Khed)-198 ha. (22%)
Sr.No. Name of
the circle
Name of
the
village
Number of respondent as per
land holding size
Total
number
of
respon
dents
Sampling % to
total flower
growers in
respective
village
Small Medium Large
1 Bhose Bhose 5(24) 3(12) 2(7) 10(43) 23.26
2 Bhose Rase 5(20) 3(10) 2(7) 10(37) 27.07
3 Wadgaon
(Ghenand)
Wadgaon
(Ghenand)
5(18) 5(10) 3(6) 13(34) 38.23
4 Wadgaon
(Ghenand)
Koyali 5(8) 2(4) 1(3) 8(15) 53.33
2 4 20(70) 13(36) 8(23) 41(129) 31.79
(Figures in the bracket indicate respective total) (Data compiled from circle offices of respective villages - 2008/09)
Table 6.13 (a) shows that, distribution of sample flower grower of aster by size
class (ha). It shows, as per villages, 10 respondents selected from 43 flower growers of
Bhose village. 10 respondents selected from 37 flower growers of Rase village. 13
respondents selected from 34 flower growers of Wadgaon Ghenand village. 8 respondents
selected from 15 flower growers of Koyali village, In terms of numbers, small
landholders seems to be maximum followed by medium and large size group of farms,
respectively whereas sampling proportion is on an average 32 per cent of total flower
growers in respective villages.
Table 6.13(b) Distributions of area under aster in selected villages (ha)
Sr.No. Name of the village Area under aster of the sampl villages(ha) Sample area(ha)
1 Bhose 13.8 3.4(25)
2 Rase 12.2 3.4(28)
3 Wadgaon(Ghenand) 11.2 4.8(43)
4 Koyali 5.0 2.4(48)
42.2 14.8(35)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total) (Data compiled from circle offices of respective villages - 2008/09)
158
Table 6.13(b) shows that, Bhose village occupied maximum area under aster
followed by Rase, Wadgaon, and Koyali, respectively. In terms of area, sampling
proportion is on an average 35 per cent in respective villages
6.7.2 Purandar tahsil for marigold crop
Purandar tahsil selected as sample tahsil according to famous for marigold crop,
which occupied 30.8 per cent of Pune district. Marigold crop concentrate at whole region
of Purandar tahsil that shown in Map-5. Sample villages taking into consideration as
famous for aster crop that selected from different circles which shown in Table 6.14(a).
Table 6.14 (a) Distribution of sample flower growers of marigold by size class (ha) Study area: Pune district- 3737 ha. (100%), Sample tahsil: Purandar-1154 ha. (30.8%)
Sr.No. Name of
the circle
Name
of the
village
Number of respondent as per
land holding size
Total
number
of
respon
dent
Sampling %
to total
flower
growers in
respective
village
Small Medium Large
1 Shivari Shivari 3(20) 3(13) 5(11) 11(44) 25
2 Shivari Valunjgaon 3(14) 3(8) 1(2) 7(24) 29
3 Dive Zendewadi 5(19) 1(3) 1(3) 7(25) 28
4 Malshiras Malshiras 3(22) 3(10) 2(8) 8(40) 20
5 Malshiras Ponde 4(23) 3(11) 1(3) 8(37) 22
3 5 18(98) 13(45) 10(27) 41(170) 25
(Figures in the bracket indicate respective total)
(Data compiled from circle office of respective villages-2008/09)
Table 6.14 (a) shows that, distribution of sample flower grower of marigold by
size class (ha). It shows, as per villages, 11 respondents selected from 44 flower growers
of Shivari village. 7 respondents selected from 24 flower growers of Valunjgaon village.
7 respondents selected from 25 flower growers of Zendewadi village. 8 respondents
selected from 40 flower growers of Malshiras village and 8 respondents selected from37
flower growers of Ponde village, In terms of numbers, small landholders seems to be
maximum followed by medium and large size group of farms, respectively whereas
159
sampling proportion is on an average 25 per cent of total flower growers in respective
villages.
Table 6.14 (b) Distributions of area under marigold in selected villages (ha)
Sr.No. Name of the
village
Area under marigold of the sample
villages(ha)
Sample area(ha)
1 Shivari 18.0 5.8(32)
2 Valunjgaon 7.6 2.6(34)
3 Zendewadi 7.4 2.2(30)
4 Malshiras 14.8 3.4(23)
5 Ponde 11.4 2.8(25)
59.2 16.8(29)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total) (Data compiled from circle offices of respective villages - 2008/09)
Table 6.14(b) shows that maximum area under marigold occupied Shivari village
followed by Malshiras, Ponde, Valunjgaon and Zendewadi, respectively. In terms of area,
sampling proportion is on an average 29 per cent in respective villages.
6.7.3 Haveli tahsil for rose crop
Haveli tahsil selected as sample tahsil according to famous for rose crop, which
occupied 38 per cent of Pune district. Rose crop concentrate at Solapur highway area of
Haveli tahsil that shown in Map-6. Sample villages selected from different circles taking
into consideration as famous (large area) for rose crop which shown in Table 6.15(a).
Table6.15 (a) Distribution of sample cultivator of rose by size class (rose)
District total-289ha (100%), Total of sample tahsil (Haveli) 110 ha (38 %)
Sr.No. Name of
the circle
Name of the
village
Number of respondent as per
land holding size
Total
no. of
respon
dents
Sampling
% to total
flower
growers in
respective
village
Small Medium Large
1 Hadapsar Phursungi 4(11) 4(9) 3(7) 11(27) 40.74
2 Loni
kalbhor
Sortapwadi 5(13) 3(6) 2(5) 10(24) 41.66
3 Theur Kunjeerwadi 3(8) 3(5) 2(4) 8(17) 47.05
Total 3 3 12(32) 10(20) 7(16) 29(68) 42.64
(Figures in the bracket indicate respective total)
(Data compiled from circle offices of concerned villages -2008/09)
160
It shows that, distribution of sample flower grower of rose by size class (ha). It
shows, as per villages, 11 respondents selected from 27 flower growers of Phursungi
village. 10 respondents selected from 24 flower growers of Sortapwadi village. 8
respondents selected from 17 flower growers of Kunjeerwadi village, In terms of
numbers, small landholders seems to be maximum followed by medium and large size
group of farms, respectively whereas sampling proportion is on an average 43 per cent of
total flower growers in respective villages.
Table 6.15 (b) Distributions of area under rose in selected villages (ha)
Sr.No. Name of the
village
Area under rose of the sample
villages(ha) Sample area(ha)
1 Phursungi 15.4 6.4(42)
2 Sortapwadi 12.8 5.4(42)
3 Kunjeerwadi 9.4 4.6(49)
37.6 16.4(44)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
(Data compiled from circle offices of respective villages - 2008/09)
Table 6.15(b) shows that Phursungi village occupied maximum area under rose
followed by Sortapwadi and Kunjeerwadi, respectively. In terms of area, sampling
proportion is on an average 44 per cent in respective villages.
6.7.4 Dound tahsil for chrysanthemum crop
Dound tahsil selected as sample tahsil according to famous for chrysanthemum
crop, which occupied 38 per cent of Pune district. Chrysanthemum crop concentrate at
Solapur highway area of Dound tahsil that shown in Map-7. Sample villages taking into
consideration as famous for chrysanthemum crop that selected from different circles
which shown in Table 6.16(a).
Table 6.16 (a) shows that, distribution of sample flower grower of chrysanthemum
by size class (ha). It shows, as per villages, 25respondents selected from 85 flower
growers of Yavat village. 11 respondents selected from 26 flower growers of Yavat
(Station) village. 15 respondents selected from 29 flower growers of Wakhari village, In
161
terms of numbers, small landholders seems to be maximum followed by medium and
large size group of farms, respectively whereas sampling proportion is on an average 40
per cent of total flower growers in respective villages.
Table 6.16 (a) Distribution of sample flower grower of chrysanthemum by size class
(Ha) (District total-791 ha. (100%), Total of sample tahsil (Dound)-300 ha. (38%))
Sr.No. Name of the
circle
Name
of
the
village
Number of respondent as per land
holding size
Total
no.
of
respon
dents
Sampling
% to total
flower
growers in
respective
village
Small Medium Large
1 Yavat Yavat 12(40) 9(38) 4(7) 25(85) 31.94
2 Yavat Yavat
(station)
5(18) 4(6) 2(2) 11(26) 39.47
3 Kedgaon Wakhari 6(17) 4(8) 5(5) 15(29) 62.74
3 4 23(75) 17(51) 11(14) 51(140) 39.05
(Figures in the bracket indicate respective total)
(Compiled from talathi office of concerned villages - 2008/09)
Table 6.16(b) Distributions of area under chrysanthemum in selected villages (ha)
Sr.No. Name of the
village Area under chrysanthemum of the
sample villages(ha)
Sample area(ha)
1 Yavat 57.6 18.4(32)
2 Yavat(station) 15.2 6.0(39)
3 Wakhari 20.4 12.8(63)
93.2 37.2(40)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total) (Data compiled from circle offices of respective villages - 2008/09)
Table 6.16(b) shows that maximum area under rose occupied Yavat village
followed by Wakhari and Yavat (station) respectively. In terms of area, sampling
proportion is on an average 44 per cent in respective villages.
6.7.5 Dound tahsil for tuberose crop
Dound tahsil selected as sample tahsil according to famous for tuberose crop,
which occupied 38 per cent of Pune district. Chrysanthemum crop concentrate at
Sholapur highway area of Dound tahsil that shown in Map-7. Sample villages taking into
162
consideration as famous for tuberose crop that selected from different circles which
shown in Table 6.17(a)
Table 6.17 (a) Distribution of sample flower growers of tuberose by size class
District total- 875 ha. (100%), Total of sample tahsil (Dound)-600 ha. (68.57%)
Sr.No. Name of
the circle
Name of
the
village
Number of respondent as per
land holding size
Total
no.
of
respon
dents
Sampling %
to total flower
growers in
respective
village
Small Medium Large
1 Yavat Yavat 11(59) 8(48) 7(30) 26(137) 19.59
2 Yavat Yavat
(station)
6(20) 4(10) 2(7) 12(37) 32.78
3 Kedgaon Wakhari 4(11) 3(7) 2(5) 9(23) 40.00
4 Varwand Varvand 2(8) 2(4) 1(3) 5(15) 36.00
Total 3 4 23(98) 17(69) 12(45) 52(212) 25.06
(Figures in the bracket indicate respective total)
(Data compiled from circle offices of concerned villages - 2008/09)
It shows from Table 6.17(a) that, distribution of sample flower grower of tuberose
by size class (ha). It shows, as per villages, 26 respondents selected from 137 flower
growers of Yavat village. 12 respondents selected from 37 flower growers of Yavat
(station village. 9 respondents selected from 23 flower growers of Wakhari village. 5
respondents selected from 15 flower growers of Varvand village, In terms of numbers,
small landholders seems to be maximum followed by medium and large size group of
farms, respectively whereas sampling proportion is on an average 26 per cent of total
flower growers in respective villages.
Table 6.17(b) Distributions of area under tuberose in selected villages (ha)
Sr.No. Name of the
village
Area under tuberose of the sample
villages(ha) Sample area(ha)
1 Yavat 49 9.6(20)
2 Yavat(station) 12.2 4(33)
3 Wakhari 8 3.2(40)
4 Varvand 5 1.8(36)
74.2 18.6(25)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total) (Data compiled from circle offices of respective villages - 2008/09)
163
Table 6.17(b) shows that maximum area under tuberose occupied Yavat village
followed by Yavat (station) Wakhari and Varvand, respectively. In terms of area, sampling
proportion is on an average 25 per cent in respective villages.
6.8.0 Socio-economic indicators of sample farms
Information access pertaining socio-economic features of the selected farm i.e. family
size, farm size and cropping pattern and analyzed as below.
6.8.1 Family size of the sample farms
Flower cultivation requires comparatively more work force to various farm
activities such as planting, weeding, picking of flowers, etc. To check the relationship
between family size and their farm involvement, data has collected pertaining to this
aspect as presented in Table-6.18
It observed from the Table that average size of family was 5.7 at the overall level.
The average number of members among small, medium and large size group of farms
was 5.3, 5.7 and 6.1, respectively. The composition of family at the overall level shows
that each family has 2.1 adult males, 1.7 adult females and 1.9 children. As compared to
different size group of farms, number of men, women and children showed relatively
more in large size group followed by medium and small. According to cost of cultivation
record, family member used as a labour relatively more in small. As a result of family
size and cost of cultivation record, member of families among large size group involved
relatively low in farm activities.
As regard to number of earner and dependent, it showed 42 per cent and 58 per
cent, respectively, at overall level while different size group indicate that dependent
numbers were more (60%) among small and medium size group of farms.
6.8.2 Educational status of the sample farms
The data on educational status of the selected farm family has presented in Table-
6.19. It observed from the Table that the percentage of illiteracy observed 10 per cent of
164
male while 11 per cent of female at overall level. The percentage of primary level
schooling observed 36 per cent of male while 41 per cent of female and 40 per cent of
children‟s. The percentage of secondary level schooling observed 41 per cent of male
while 37 per cent of female and 39 per cent of children. The percentage of graduation
level observed 13 per cent of male while 12 per cent of female.
6.8.3 Land use pattern of the sample farms
Land use pattern in different size groups of farms is presented in Table-6.20. The
average size of the holding in the small, medium and large groups of farm found 1.37,
2.79 and 5.85 hectares, respectively. The proportion of operational land was 88 per cent
at overall level it was 91, 87 and 85 per cent at small, medium and large size of farms,
respectively. It was seen that the land under irrigation was more in large size group (2.65
ha.) in fact proportional percentage of irrigated area was more in small sized group (77%)
followed by medium (67%) and large (53%). Flower crop wise comparison showed that
aster and marigold concentrated area (Khed and Purandar) was relatively less irrigated
compare to others at all categories. It would be seen the same features of proportion of
area sown more than once and gross cropped area which related to irrigation facilities.
6.8.4 Cropping pattern of the sample farms
To understand the cropping pattern of sample flower grower, crops classified in
four categories such as food grains, flowers, other cash crops and ordinary crops. This
presented in Table-6.21. Food grains include jawar(R), bajara (K), wheat(R); other cash
crops include sugarcane, groundnut, vegetables; flowers include aster, marigold,
chrysanthemum, rose and tuberose; other ordinary crops include gram mug fodder, etc. It
can be observed from Table 6.21 that at the overall level the gross cropped area was 3.50
hectares. Food grain crops occupied 34.3 per cent, flower crops 19 per cent, other cash
crops 26.6 per cent and other ordinary crops 20.1 per cent at overall level. As compare to
different size group of farms food grains occupied major area i.e. 28.5 per cent 33.5 per
165
cent and 36.5 per cent of small, medium and large size group of farms, respectively.
Flowers occupied of 15.5, 18.3, and 20 per cent; other cash crops of 20, 22, and 31.3 per
cent; other ordinary crops of 36, 26.2 and 12.2 per cent among small, medium and large
size group of farms, respectively. Above analysis, indicate that food grains occupied
major area at all size groups whereas, flower crops occupied noticeable proportion with
compare to others. Cropping intensity showed decreases with increasing size of farms
because decreasing ratio of operational land. It was 177, 167 and 153 per cent of small,
medium and large size of groups, respectively whereas; it was 160.56 per cent at overall
level. Table-6.18 Average family size of the sample flower grower by size class
Sr.No. Farm size/
Flower type
Adult Children No.
of
earner
No.
of
dependent
Total
Male Female Male Female
1 Small
a Aster 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.0 2.2 3.2 5.4
b Marigold 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.8 2.3 3.2 5.5
c Chrysanthemum 1.8 0.9 0.7 1.6 2.2 2.8 5
d Rose 1.9 1.7 1.1 0.7 2.1 3.3 5.4
e Tuberose 1.9 1.7 1.1 0.8 2.0 3.5 5.5
2 Medium
a Aster 2.1 1.8 0.8 0.9 2.2 3.4 5.6
b Marigold 2.0 1.8 1.2 0.7 2.3 3.4 5.7
c Chrysanthemum 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.9 2.4 3.5 5.9
d Rose 2.1 1.7 1.2 0.8 2.2 3.6 5.8
e Tuberose 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.1 2.3 3.4 5.7
3 Large
a Aster 2.3 1.7 1.1 1.0 2.7 3.5 6.2
b Marigold 2.3 2.0 0.9 1.1 2.9 3.4 6.3
c Chrysanthemum 2.4 1.9 1.3 0.5 2.7 3.2 6.1
d Rose 2.4 1.9 1.0 0.8 2.7 3.2 6.1
Overall
1 Small 1.84
(34)
1.56
(30)
0.98
(18)
0.98
(18)
2.16
(40)
3.2
(60)
5.36
(100)
2 Medium 2.02
(35)
1.82
(32)
1.02
(18)
0.88
(15)
2.3
(40)
3.46
(60)
5.74
(100)
3 Large 2.34
(38)
1.9
(31)
1.04
(17)
0.86
(14)
2.76
(45)
3.40
(55)
6.16
(100)
4 Overall 2.07
(36)
1.76
(31)
1.02
(18)
0.91
(15)
2.4
(42)
3.34
(58)
5.75
(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
166
Table 6.19Educational status of family of sample flower grower
Sr.No. Illite
rate
Prim
ary
Higher Grad
uation
Total
male
(Adult)
Illite
rate
Prim
ary
Higher Grad
uation
Total
female
(Adult)
Pre-
prim
ary
Prim
ary
Higher Total
child
ren
Grand
total
1 S
M
A
L
L
0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 1.8 0.2 0.6 0.8 00 1.6 0.4 0.9 0.7 2.0 5.4
0.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.8 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.9 0.3 0.8 0.7 1.8 5.5
0.4 00 1.0 0.4 1.8 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.6 5.0
0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.9 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.8 5.4
0.1 0.8 0.7 0.3 1.9 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.7 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.9 5.5
2 M
E
D
I
U
M
0.2 0.6 0.8 0.5 2.1 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.3 1.8 0.1 0.7 0.9 1.7 5.6
0.2 0.7 0.8 0.3 2.0 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 1.8 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.9 5.7
0.3 0.7 0.8 0.2 2.0 0.1 1.0 0.4 0.5 2.0 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.9 5.9
0.2 1.1 0.7 0.1 2.1 0.3 1.0 0.4 00 1.7 0.2 1 0.8 2.0 5.8
0.2 0.6 0.8 0.3 1.9 0.14 0.7 0.7 0.16 1.8 0.3 0.8 0.9 2.0 5.7
3 L
A
R
G
E
0.2 0.9 1.0 0.2 2.3 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.4 1.7 0.5 1.0 0.5 2.2 6.2
0.4 1.0 0.6 0.3 2.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.0 0.6 0.8 0.6 2.0 6.3
0.2 0.8 1.0 0.4 2.4 00 1.0 0.7 0.2 1.9 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.8 6.1
0.1 1.2 0.8 0.3 2.4 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.9 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.8 6.1
0.3 1.0 0.7 0.3 2.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.3 2.0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.8 6.1
4 S 0.18
(10)
0.6
(33)
0.8
(45)
0.22
(12)
1.84
(34)
0.14
(10)
0.7
(47)
0.6
(35)
0.12
(8)
1.56
(30)
0.46
(22)
0.8
(39)
0.7
(39)
1.96
(36)
5.36
(100)
M 0.22
(11)
0.7
(35)
0.8
(40)
0.3
(14)
2.02
(35)
0.22
(11)
0.7
(39)
0.6
(33)
0.3
(17)
1.82
(32)
0.26
(16)
0.9
(42)
0.8
(42)
1.9
(33)
5.74
(100)
L 0.24
(9)
0.9
(39)
0.9
(39)
0.3
(13)
2.34
(38)
0.2
(11)
0.7
(37)
0.7
(42)
0.3
(10)
1.9
(31)
0.44
(26)
0.7
(37)
0.8
(37)
1.9
(31)
6.16
(100)
O 0.22
(10)
0.74
(36)
0.84
(41)
0.28
(13)
2.07
(36)
0.19
(11)
0.7
(41)
0.64
(37)
0.24
(12)
1.76
(31)
0.36
(21)
0.8
(40)
0.77
(39)
1.92
(33)
5.75
(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source- Derived from primary data collected by researcher
167
Table-6.20 Land use pattern of sample flower grower by size class (ha)
Sr.
No
Flower/
Farm size
Total
owned
Land
Operational
Land
Irrigated
Land
Un-
irrigated
Land
Area
sown
more
than
once
Gross
cropped
area
Cropping
intensity
%
1 Small
Aster 1.27 1.21 0.91 0.3 0.91 1.83 175.21
Marigold 1.31 1.23 0.9 0.33 0.92 1.85 174.80
Chrysanthemum 1.37 1.22 0.86 0.36 0.86 1.73 170.50
Rose 1.51 1.33 1.08 0.25 1.08 2.16 181.21
Tuberose 1.35 1.25 1.01 0.24 1.01 2.02 180.8
2 Medium
Aster 2.58 2.35 1.47 0.88 1.47 2.95 162.56
Marigold 2.87 2.21 1.23 0.98 1.16 2.4 152.49
Chrysanthemum 2.75 2.35 1.72 0.63 1.72 3.45 173.20
Rose 2.76 2.58 1.74 0.84 1.82 3.64 170.55
Tuberose 2.92 2.65 1.96 0.69 1.96 3.92 173.97
3 Large
Aster 4.82 4.15 2.37 1.78 2.37 4.75 157.11
Marigold 5.77 5.175 2.1 3.07 2.1 4.2 140.58
Chrysanthemum 6.47 5 2.67 2.33 2.67 5.34 153.4
Rose 5.57 5.17 2.74 2.43 2.74 5.48 153.0
Tuberose 6.6 5.35 3.33 2.02 3.33 6.66 162.25
4 Overall
Aster 2.89 2.57 1.58 0.99 1.58 3.17 161.48
Marigold 3.32 2.87 1.41 1.46 1.39 2.81 148.43
Chrysanthemum 3.53 2.85 1.75 1.1 1.75 3.51 161.40
Rose 3.28 3.02 1.85 1.17 1.88 3.76 162.25
Tuberose 3.62 3.08 2.10 0.98 2.10 4.20 168.18
1 Small 1.37 1.25
(91)
0.96
(77)
0.3
(23)
0.97 1.93 177.6
2 Medium 2.79 2.44
(87)
1.63
(67)
0.81
(33)
1.64 3.28 167.22
3 Large 5.85 4.97
(85)
2.65
(53)
2.33
(47)
2.65 5.29 153.32
4 Overall 3.34 2.89
(88)
1.75
(66)
1.15
(34)
1.75 3.50 160.56
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source- Derived from primary data collected by researcher
168
Table-6.21Cropping pattern of sample flower grower by size class (ha)
Sr.No. Flower/Farm size Food
grains
Flowers Other
cash
crops
Other
ordinary
crop
Gross
cropped
area
1 Small
Aster 0.37 0.45 0.39 0.62 1.83
Marigold 0.68 0.23 0.31 0.63 1.85
Chrysanthemum 0.45 0.36 0.41 0.51 1.73
Rose 0.62 0.3 0.41 0.25 2.16
Tuberose 0.63 0.2 0.42 0.77 2.02
2 Medium
Aster 0.71 0.79 0.85 0.6 2.95
Marigold 1.10 0.59 0.52 0.19 2.4
Chrysanthemum 1.15 0.51 0.69 1.1 3.45
Rose 1.32 0.5 0.76 1.06 3.64
Tuberose 1.25 0.62 0.78 1.27 3.92
3 Large
Aster 1.12 0.92 2.11 0.6 4.75
Marigold 1.84 0.78 1.0 0.58 4.2
Chrysanthemum 2.75 0.09 2.16 0.67 5.34
Rose 2.23 0.95 1.99 0.31 5.48
4 Tuberose 1.74 2.54 1.07 1.31 6.66
1 Small 0.55
(28.5)
0.30
(15.5)
0.38
(20)
0.7
(36)
1.93
(100)
2 Medium 1.10
(33.5)
0.60
(18.3)
0.72
(22)
0.86
(26.2)
3.28
(100)
3 Large 1.93
(36.5)
1.05
(20)
1.66
(31.3)
0.65
(12.2)
5.29
(100)
4 Overall 1.20
(34.3)
0.66
(19)
0.93
(26.6)
0.49
(20.1)
3.50
(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source- Derived from primary data collected by researcher
6.9.0 Concluding observations
Concluding observations of sample area, i.e. Pune district summarized as follows.
1 Pune district having favourable agro-climatic conditions and infrastructure (market
and transportation), which offering tremendous scope for horticulture.
169
2 Rice, wheat, jawar, bajra, cereals, tur, gram, pulses, sugarcane, cotton, groundnut,
sunflower, soyabean, grapes pomegranate, custard apple, fig, vegetables, flowers were
the major crops growing in the district.
3 District having large area under flowers compared to other district. It observed that,
Dound, Haveli, Junner, Khed and Purandar were the famous tahsil for flower
cultivation in reference period.
4 Tahsil bordered to Pune city observed famous for flower cultivation, particularly those
villages situated around urban areas are famous flower growing villages.
5 It observed that, maximum numbers of flower grower belonging small and medium
group of farms.
6 Haveli and Dound are canal irrigated tahsil growing perennial flower crops; whereas,
Purandar and Khed are less irrigated tahsil growing seasonal flower crops.
7 It shows that marigold, tuberose, rose, chrysanthemum and aster covered major area.
8 Cropping intensity in the district showed decreases with increasing size of farms, due
to decreasing ratio of operational land.
9 According to survey, the composition of family of sample flower growers shows that
each family have 2.1 adult males, 1.7 adult females and 1.9 children at the overall
level.
10 It observed that the percentage of illiteracy observed 10 per cent of male while 11 per
cent of female at overall level.
170
References
1 Kotak Mahadev Ramchandra(2000) Shivpurvakalin and Shivkalin Pune, Shahar
Pune (Ed) Arun Tokekar,Nilubhau Limaye Foundation
2 Maharashtra at a Glance (2005) Directorate General of Information and Public
Relation, Government Central Press, Mumbai
3 Maharashtra at a Glance (2005) Directorate General of Information and Public
Relation, Government Central Press, Mumbai
4 Maharashtra at a Glance (2005) Directorate General of Information and Public
Relation, Government Central Press, Mumbai
5 Maharashtra at a Glance (2005) Directorate General of Information and Public
Relation, Government Central Press, Mumbai
6 Maharashtra at a Glance (2005) Directorate General of Information and Public
Relation, Government Central Press, Mumbai
7 Socio Economic Abstract of Pune-(2007-08) Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
GoM, Mumbai.
8 Socio Economic Abstract of Pune-(2007-08) Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
GoM, Mumbai.
9 Handbook of Basic Statistics of Maharashtra State (2004) Directorate of Economics
and Statistics, GoM, Mumbai.
10 Socio Economic Abstract of Pune-(2007-08) Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
GoM, Mumbai.
11 Socio Economic Abstract of Pune-(2007-08) Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
GoM, Mumbai
12 Maharashtra at a Glance (2005) Directorate General of Information and Public
Relation, Government Central Press, Mumbai