CHAPTER TWOCHAPTER TWO

Science and the Science and the Qur'anic Revelations Qur'anic Revelations

UNGRUDGING TRIBUTES UNGRUDGING TRIBUTES

Today, there are in the world some Today, there are in the world some one thousand million Muslims who one thousand million Muslims who unhesitatingly accept that the unhesitatingly accept that the Noble Qur'an is the "WORD OF Noble Qur'an is the "WORD OF GOD" and that it is a "Miracle."GOD" and that it is a "Miracle."

Why should they not, when even Why should they not, when even avowed enemies are paying avowed enemies are paying unsolicited tributes regarding the unsolicited tributes regarding the miraculous nature of this Book of miraculous nature of this Book of God. God.

The Rev. R. Bosworth-Smith in his The Rev. R. Bosworth-Smith in his book "Muhammad and book "Muhammad and Muhammadanism“:Muhammadanism“:

[Now the argument is carried a stage [Now the argument is carried a stage farther. Such rejection is also a mark farther. Such rejection is also a mark of injustice, a deliberate perversity of injustice, a deliberate perversity in going against obvious Signs, in going against obvious Signs, which should convince all honest which should convince all honest men.]men.]

Opinions about the Opinions about the Qur’an:Qur’an:

"A MIRACLE OF PURITY OF STYLE, "A MIRACLE OF PURITY OF STYLE, OF WISDOM AND OF TRUTH".OF WISDOM AND OF TRUTH".

Another Englishman – A.J. Arberry, in the Another Englishman – A.J. Arberry, in the preface of his English translation of preface of his English translation of the Noble Qur'an – says:the Noble Qur'an – says:

"WHENEVER I HEAR THE QUR’AN "WHENEVER I HEAR THE QUR’AN CHANTED, IT IS AS THOUGH I AM CHANTED, IT IS AS THOUGH I AM LISTENING TO MUSIC, UNDERNEATH LISTENING TO MUSIC, UNDERNEATH THE FLOWING MELODY, THERE IS THE FLOWING MELODY, THERE IS SOUNDING ALL THE TIME THE SOUNDING ALL THE TIME THE INSISTENT BEAT OF A DRUM, IT IS INSISTENT BEAT OF A DRUM, IT IS LIKE THE BEATING OF MY HEART."LIKE THE BEATING OF MY HEART."

From these words and the rest of From these words and the rest of his preface he sounds like a his preface he sounds like a Muslim, but regretfully he died Muslim, but regretfully he died outside the pale of Islam. outside the pale of Islam.

And yet another Briton, Marmaduke And yet another Briton, Marmaduke Picktall in the foreword to his Picktall in the foreword to his translation of the Noble Qur'an, translation of the Noble Qur'an, describes it as :describes it as :

"THAT INIMITABLE SYMPHONY, "THAT INIMITABLE SYMPHONY, THE VERY SOUND OF WHICH THE VERY SOUND OF WHICH MOVE MEN TO TEARS AND MOVE MEN TO TEARS AND ECSTASY".ECSTASY".

This Author embraced Islam before This Author embraced Islam before translating the Qur'an, and we translating the Qur'an, and we are not in a position to verify are not in a position to verify whether he wrote the previous whether he wrote the previous effect before or after his effect before or after his conversion.conversion.

"NEXT TO THE BIBLE [Coming from a "NEXT TO THE BIBLE [Coming from a Christian critic of Islam, we will Christian critic of Islam, we will not take exception to his placing not take exception to his placing the Qur'an in the second the Qur'an in the second place.],IT (The Qur'an) IS THE place.],IT (The Qur'an) IS THE MOST ESTEEMED AND MOST MOST ESTEEMED AND MOST POWERFUL RELIGIOUS BOOK IN POWERFUL RELIGIOUS BOOK IN THE WORLD".THE WORLD".

J. Christy Wilson in "Introducing J. Christy Wilson in "Introducing Islam" New York 1950Islam" New York 1950

"THE QUR’AN IS THE "THE QUR’AN IS THE MUHAMMADAN BIBLE, AND IS MUHAMMADAN BIBLE, AND IS MORE REVERENCED THAN ANY MORE REVERENCED THAN ANY OTHER SACRED BOOK, MORE OTHER SACRED BOOK, MORE THAN THE JEWISH OLD THAN THE JEWISH OLD TESTAMENT OR THE CHRISTIAN TESTAMENT OR THE CHRISTIAN NEW TESTAMENT.“NEW TESTAMENT.“

J. Shillidy, D.D. in "Ihe Lord Jesus in J. Shillidy, D.D. in "Ihe Lord Jesus in the Koran" Surat 1913, p.111the Koran" Surat 1913, p.111

We can quite easily adduce a dozen We can quite easily adduce a dozen more eulogies to the above list.more eulogies to the above list.

Friends and foes alike pay Friends and foes alike pay ungrudging commendations to ungrudging commendations to the Last and Final Revelation of the Last and Final Revelation of God – the Noble Qur'an, the Sign God – the Noble Qur'an, the Sign and Miracle of God's Handiwork, and Miracle of God's Handiwork, and accepted Islam. and accepted Islam.

To all the tributes and testimonies To all the tributes and testimonies the unbeliever and the septic may the unbeliever and the septic may say that these are all subjective say that these are all subjective feelings. feelings.

He might further seek refuge in the He might further seek refuge in the pretext that he does not know pretext that he does not know Arabic. Arabic.

He is heard to say, He is heard to say, "I do not see "I do not see what you see, nor do I feel as you what you see, nor do I feel as you feel. How am I to know that God feel. How am I to know that God exists and that it is He Who exists and that it is He Who inspired His Messenger inspired His Messenger Muhammad (PBUH) with that Muhammad (PBUH) with that beautiful Message; the Qur'an?"beautiful Message; the Qur'an?"

He continues:He continues: "I am not averse to the beauty of "I am not averse to the beauty of

its philosophy, its practical ethics its philosophy, its practical ethics and high morality, I am prepared and high morality, I am prepared to concede that Muhammad to concede that Muhammad (PBUH) was a sincere man and (PBUH) was a sincere man and that he gave many beautiful that he gave many beautiful precepts for human welfare. What precepts for human welfare. What I cannot subscribe to is what you I cannot subscribe to is what you Muslims claim, "a supernatural Muslims claim, "a supernatural authority for his dicta." authority for his dicta."

REASONED LOGICREASONED LOGIC

To this kind of sympathetic, yet To this kind of sympathetic, yet skeptical mentality, the Author of skeptical mentality, the Author of the Book (Al-Qur'an) uses various the Book (Al-Qur'an) uses various types of arguments to resolve his types of arguments to resolve his doubts. doubts.

To the atheists and agnostics, the To the atheists and agnostics, the cynics and the skeptics, who have cynics and the skeptics, who have a super-abundance of scientific a super-abundance of scientific knowledge and who consider knowledge and who consider themselves to be "intellectual themselves to be "intellectual giants," the point is driven home giants," the point is driven home that they are in reality like that they are in reality like stunted "dwarfs." stunted "dwarfs."

They are like the dwarf who may They are like the dwarf who may have acquired abnormal have acquired abnormal development in any one development in any one particular direction at the particular direction at the expense of other parts of his expense of other parts of his faculty, like an oversized head on faculty, like an oversized head on a puny body, the Supreme a puny body, the Supreme Creator questions him. Creator questions him.

But before we pose God's question But before we pose God's question to him, let me satisfy my own to him, let me satisfy my own curiosity. "You men of science curiosity. "You men of science who have studied astronomy and who have studied astronomy and who study our Universe through who study our Universe through your mighty telescopes as if your mighty telescopes as if scrutinizing an object in the palm scrutinizing an object in the palm of your hand; tell me how did this of your hand; tell me how did this Universe come into being?" Universe come into being?"

This man of science though lacking This man of science though lacking in spiritual insight, is nevertheless in spiritual insight, is nevertheless most generous in sharing his most generous in sharing his knowledge. He readily responds. knowledge. He readily responds.

"Well," "Well," he begins,he begins, "Billions of years "Billions of years ago our Universe was a single ago our Universe was a single piece of matter, and there piece of matter, and there happened a "Big Bang" in the happened a "Big Bang" in the centre of that huge lump of centre of that huge lump of matter and mighty chunks of matter and mighty chunks of matter began flying in all matter began flying in all directions. directions.

Out of that "big bang" our solar Out of that "big bang" our solar system came into being as well as system came into being as well as the galaxies, and since there is no the galaxies, and since there is no resistance in space to that resistance in space to that primordial momentum generated primordial momentum generated by the initial explosion, the stars by the initial explosion, the stars and the planets swim along in and the planets swim along in their orbits." their orbits."

At this juncture, my memory tickles At this juncture, my memory tickles me – Our materialist friends me – Our materialist friends appear to have been secretly appear to have been secretly imbibing their knowledge from imbibing their knowledge from the Sura Ya-Seen: the Sura Ya-Seen:

““AND THE SUN RUNS HIS COURSE AND THE SUN RUNS HIS COURSE FOR A PERIOD DETERMINED FOR FOR A PERIOD DETERMINED FOR HIM: THAT IS THE DECREE OF (HIM) HIM: THAT IS THE DECREE OF (HIM) THE EXALTED IN MIGHT THE ALL-THE EXALTED IN MIGHT THE ALL-KNOWING. AND THE MOON, WE KNOWING. AND THE MOON, WE HAVE MEASURED FOR HER HAVE MEASURED FOR HER MANSIONS (TO TRAVERSE) TILL SHE MANSIONS (TO TRAVERSE) TILL SHE RETURNS LIKE THE OLD (AND RETURNS LIKE THE OLD (AND WITHERED) LOWER PART OF A WITHERED) LOWER PART OF A DATE – STALK.DATE – STALK.

““I” IS NOT PERMITTED TO THE I” IS NOT PERMITTED TO THE SUN TO OVERTAKE THE MOON, SUN TO OVERTAKE THE MOON, NOR CAN THE NIGHT OUTSTRIP NOR CAN THE NIGHT OUTSTRIP THE DAY: EACH (JUST) SWIMS THE DAY: EACH (JUST) SWIMS ALONG IN (ITS OWN) ORBIT ALONG IN (ITS OWN) ORBIT (ACCORDING TO LAW)”(ACCORDING TO LAW)”

(SURA YA-SIN) (SURA YA-SIN) Noble Qur'an36:38-40Noble Qur'an36:38-40[English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali][English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali]

The artheistic scientist continues, The artheistic scientist continues, "Ours is an '"Ours is an 'expanding' expanding' universe.The galaxies are universe.The galaxies are receding away from us at a faster receding away from us at a faster and faster rate, and once they and faster rate, and once they reach the speed of light, we will reach the speed of light, we will not be able to see them anymore.not be able to see them anymore.

We must construct bigger and better We must construct bigger and better telescopes as quickly as possible telescopes as quickly as possible to study the sights, if not we will to study the sights, if not we will miss the bus!".miss the bus!".

[Light is said to travel at a speed of [Light is said to travel at a speed of a hundred and eighty six thousand a hundred and eighty six thousand miles per second (7.5 times miles per second (7.5 times around the world in one second!).] around the world in one second!).]

- When did you discover these fairy - When did you discover these fairy tales?' we ask. tales?' we ask.

"No, these are not fairy tales but "No, these are not fairy tales but scientific facts!" our friend assures scientific facts!" our friend assures us. us.

- "All right, we accept your facts for - "All right, we accept your facts for what you say they are, but when what you say they are, but when did you really stumble upon these did you really stumble upon these facts? facts?

"Only yesterday!" he replies. "Only yesterday!" he replies.

Fifty years, after all, is only Fifty years, after all, is only 'yesterday' in the history of the 'yesterday' in the history of the human race. human race.

- "An unlettered Arab in the desert - "An unlettered Arab in the desert over 1400 years ago could never over 1400 years ago could never have had your knowledge of the have had your knowledge of the ''big bangbig bang' and of your 'expanding ' and of your 'expanding universe', could he?", we ask. universe', could he?", we ask.

"No never!' he retorts boastingly. "No never!' he retorts boastingly. "Well, then listen to what this "Well, then listen to what this ummiummi Prophet uttered under inspiration" Prophet uttered under inspiration"

[[Ummi:Ummi: means unlettered, unlearned means unlettered, unlearned ..

““And the Book is given to him And the Book is given to him that is NOT LEARNED, saying, that is NOT LEARNED, saying, Read this, I pray thee and he Read this, I pray thee and he sayeth, I am not learned"sayeth, I am not learned"

Isaiah 29:12.Isaiah 29:12.

. See how this prophecy finds . See how this prophecy finds fulfillment in Muhammad (pbuh). fulfillment in Muhammad (pbuh).

Obtain your FREE COPY OF "Obtain your FREE COPY OF "What What the Bible says about the Bible says about Muhammad (PBUH)Muhammad (PBUH)" from the " from the IPCI.] IPCI.]

““DO NOT THE UNBELIEVERS DO NOT THE UNBELIEVERS (THE ATHEISTS AND THE (THE ATHEISTS AND THE AGNOSTICS) SEE THAT THE AGNOSTICS) SEE THAT THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH HEAVENS AND THE EARTH WERE JOINED TOGETHER (AS WERE JOINED TOGETHER (AS ONE UNIT OF CREATION) ONE UNIT OF CREATION) BEFORE WE CLOVE THEM BEFORE WE CLOVE THEM ASUNDER?”ASUNDER?”

(SURA ANBIYAA) (SURA ANBIYAA) Noble Qur'an 21:30Noble Qur'an 21:30[English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali][English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali]

““AND IT IS THE (GOD ALMIGHTY) AND IT IS THE (GOD ALMIGHTY) WHO CREATED THE NIGHT AND WHO CREATED THE NIGHT AND THE DAY, AND THE SUN AND THE DAY, AND THE SUN AND THE MOON: ALL (THE CELESTIAL THE MOON: ALL (THE CELESTIAL BODIES) SWIM ALONG, EACH IN BODIES) SWIM ALONG, EACH IN ITS ROUNDED COURSE.”ITS ROUNDED COURSE.”

(SURA ANBIYAA) (SURA ANBIYAA)

Noble Qur'an 21:33Noble Qur'an 21:33[English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali][English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali]

'BIG BANG' THEORY'BIG BANG' THEORY

Can't you see that the words "Can't you see that the words "The The UnbelieversUnbelievers"" in the first quote in the first quote above are specifically addressed above are specifically addressed toto You You – the men of science — – the men of science — the geographers, the the geographers, the astronomers, who, after having astronomers, who, after having made amazing discoveries and made amazing discoveries and conveyed these discoveries to conveyed these discoveries to mankind, still remain so ‘BLIND’ mankind, still remain so ‘BLIND’ as not to ‘SEE’ its Author?as not to ‘SEE’ its Author?

““With our Sciences and With our Sciences and Encyclopaedias, we are apt to Encyclopaedias, we are apt to forget the Divineness, in forget the Divineness, in those laboratories of oursthose laboratories of ours”” says Thomas Carlyle.says Thomas Carlyle.

Where on earth could a camel Where on earth could a camel driver in the desert have gleaned driver in the desert have gleaned ‘Your facts’ fourteen hundred ‘Your facts’ fourteen hundred

years years ago, ago, except from the except from the Maker of the Maker of the ‘Big Bang’ ‘Big Bang’

Himself’?Himself’?

CHAPTER TWO (cont.)CHAPTER TWO (cont.)

Science and the Science and the Qur'anic Revelations Qur'anic Revelations

ORIGIN OF LIFEORIGIN OF LIFE

““And And You You biologists who seem to biologists who seem to have your fingers on all organic have your fingers on all organic life, and yet have the temerity to life, and yet have the temerity to deny the existence of the Source deny the existence of the Source of that Life, i.e. God: tell me, of that Life, i.e. God: tell me, according to your vaunted according to your vaunted research; research; where and how did where and how did life originate?life originate?” ”

Like his ‘unbelieving’ astronomer Like his ‘unbelieving’ astronomer companion in science, he too begins companion in science, he too begins — —

““Well, billions of years ago primeval Well, billions of years ago primeval matter in the sea began to generate matter in the sea began to generate protoplasm out of which came the protoplasm out of which came the amoeba; and out of that mire in the amoeba; and out of that mire in the sea came all living things. In one sea came all living things. In one word ALL LIFE came from the sea, word ALL LIFE came from the sea, i.e. i.e. Water!”Water!”

- “And when did you discover this - “And when did you discover this fact that all living things came fact that all living things came from water?” from water?”

The answer is no different from The answer is no different from that of his fellow scientist the that of his fellow scientist the astronomer — astronomer — “Yesterday!”“Yesterday!”

- “No man of learning, no philosopher or - “No man of learning, no philosopher or poet could ever have guessed your poet could ever have guessed your biological discovery fourteen centuries biological discovery fourteen centuries back, could he?” we ask, and our back, could he?” we ask, and our biologist is as emphatic as the biologist is as emphatic as the astronomer. astronomer.

““No,No, never!” never!” says he. says he.

- “Well, then, you just listen to this - “Well, then, you just listen to this untutored son of the desert!”untutored son of the desert!”

““AND WE MADE FROM WATER AND WE MADE FROM WATER EVERY LIVING THING WILL EVERY LIVING THING WILL THEY (THE UNBELIEVERS, THE THEY (THE UNBELIEVERS, THE ATHEISTS AND THE ATHEISTS AND THE AGNOSTICS) THEN NOT AGNOSTICS) THEN NOT BELIEVE?”BELIEVE?”

(SURA ANBIYAA) (SURA ANBIYAA) Noble Qur'an 21:30Noble Qur'an 21:30[English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali][English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali]

““Protoplasm is the basis of all living Protoplasm is the basis of all living matter, and “the vital power of matter, and “the vital power of protoplasm seems to depend on protoplasm seems to depend on the constant presence of water”the constant presence of water”

(Lawson’s Text Book of Botany, London (Lawson’s Text Book of Botany, London 1922) 1922)

Textbooks on Zoology are also clear Textbooks on Zoology are also clear on this point.on this point.

For further explanation see Yusuf Ali’s For further explanation see Yusuf Ali’s translation and commentary, available translation and commentary, available from the IPCI. from the IPCI.

The above statement is further The above statement is further elaborated in the Book of God :elaborated in the Book of God :

““AND ALLAH HAS CREATED EVERY AND ALLAH HAS CREATED EVERY ANIMAL FROM WATER: OF THEM ANIMAL FROM WATER: OF THEM THERE ARE SOME THAT CREEP ON THERE ARE SOME THAT CREEP ON THEIR BELLIES; SOME THAT WALK THEIR BELLIES; SOME THAT WALK ON TWO LEGS; AND SOME THAT ON TWO LEGS; AND SOME THAT WALK ON FOUR. ALLAH CREATES WALK ON FOUR. ALLAH CREATES WHAT HE WILLS; FOR VERILY WHAT HE WILLS; FOR VERILY ALLAH HAS POWER OVER ALL ALLAH HAS POWER OVER ALL THINGS.”THINGS.”

(SURA NUR) Noble(SURA NUR) Noble Qur'an 24:45 Qur'an 24:45

[English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali] [English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali]

It will not be difficult for you to note It will not be difficult for you to note that these words of the that these words of the Omnipotent, Omniscient Creator Omnipotent, Omniscient Creator of the Universe were addressed to of the Universe were addressed to YOU men of knowledge in answer YOU men of knowledge in answer to your skepticism TODAY. to your skepticism TODAY.

Their real import was beyond the Their real import was beyond the dwellers of the desert fourteen dwellers of the desert fourteen centuries ago. centuries ago.

The Author (God Almighty) is The Author (God Almighty) is reasoning with reasoning with YOUYOU, you men of , you men of science, how can science, how can YOUYOU not believe in not believe in God? God?

YOU YOU should be the LAST to deny His should be the LAST to deny His existence and yet you are the FIRST! existence and yet you are the FIRST!

What sickness has overtaken What sickness has overtaken YOUYOU that you allow your egos to that you allow your egos to overshadow your sense of logic?overshadow your sense of logic?

AND to the botanists and the AND to the botanists and the zoologists and the physicists who, zoologists and the physicists who, despite their amazing insight into despite their amazing insight into the nature of things, refuse to the nature of things, refuse to acknowledge a Master Creator. acknowledge a Master Creator.

Let them then account for these Let them then account for these utterances of Muhammad (PBUH) utterances of Muhammad (PBUH) the mouthpiece of God.the mouthpiece of God.

““GLORY BE TO HIM (GOD ALMIGHTY) GLORY BE TO HIM (GOD ALMIGHTY) WHO CREATED IN PAIRS ALL WHO CREATED IN PAIRS ALL THINGS THAT WHICH THE EARTH THINGS THAT WHICH THE EARTH PRODUCES (THE VEGETABLE PRODUCES (THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM), AS WELL AS THEIR KINGDOM), AS WELL AS THEIR OWN (HUMAN) KIND (THE ANIMAL OWN (HUMAN) KIND (THE ANIMAL KINGDOM) AND (OTHER) THINGS KINGDOM) AND (OTHER) THINGS OF WHICH THEY HAVE NO OF WHICH THEY HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE (LIKE OF PHYSICS)”KNOWLEDGE (LIKE OF PHYSICS)”

(SURA YA-SIN) (SURA YA-SIN) Noble Qur'an 36:36Noble Qur'an 36:36[English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali][English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali]

Here is another verse from YA-SIN. Here is another verse from YA-SIN. A special plea is made to Muslim A special plea is made to Muslim readers who already know the readers who already know the Sura in Arabic, to now master its Sura in Arabic, to now master its English meaning as well. English meaning as well.

Equip yourself for all the good Equip yourself for all the good work! work!

"CREATED IN PAIRS" "CREATED IN PAIRS" ""The mystery of sex runs The mystery of sex runs

through all creation, - in man, through all creation, - in man, in animal life, in vegetable life, in animal life, in vegetable life, and in other things of which we and in other things of which we have no knowledge. Then there have no knowledge. Then there are pairs of opposite forces in are pairs of opposite forces in nature, e.g. positive and nature, e.g. positive and negative electricity, etc. negative electricity, etc.

““The atom itself consists of a The atom itself consists of a positively charged nucleus or positively charged nucleus or protons, surrounded by protons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons. negatively charged electrons. The constitution of matter The constitution of matter itself is thus referred to as itself is thus referred to as pairs of opposite energies."pairs of opposite energies."

(Comment by A. Yusuf Ali) (Comment by A. Yusuf Ali) [Yusuf Ali's translation with over 6000 [Yusuf Ali's translation with over 6000

explanatory notes available at a subsidized explanatory notes available at a subsidized price from the IPCI.]price from the IPCI.]

SIGNS OF GOD SIGNS OF GOD

The verses of this The verses of this “Perspicuous “Perspicuous Book,” Book,” the Noble Qur’an are the Noble Qur’an are evidently self-explanatory. evidently self-explanatory.

Students of the Qur’an saw the Students of the Qur’an saw the unmistakable Finger of God in unmistakable Finger of God in every discovery that man made. every discovery that man made.

These were the “Signs,” the These were the “Signs,” the “Miracles” from his Beneficent Lord “Miracles” from his Beneficent Lord and Cherisher so as to remove his and Cherisher so as to remove his doubts and strengthen his faith. doubts and strengthen his faith.

“…“…IN THESE ARE SIGNS FOR A IN THESE ARE SIGNS FOR A PEOPLE OF LEARNING.”PEOPLE OF LEARNING.”

((SURA RUM) SURA RUM) Noble Qur’an 30:22Noble Qur’an 30:22[English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali][English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali]

What an irony! What an irony!

It is the ‘It is the ‘people of learningpeople of learning’ who ’ who are actually rebellious! are actually rebellious!

Their vast material knowledge has Their vast material knowledge has inflated them with pride. inflated them with pride.

They lack the genuine humility They lack the genuine humility which goes together with all true which goes together with all true knowledge.knowledge.

In the words of a modem Frenchman In the words of a modem Frenchman [“The Bible, the Qur’an and Science” [“The Bible, the Qur’an and Science” p. 125 by Maurice Bucaille]:p. 125 by Maurice Bucaille]:

““THE ABOVE OBSERVATION (HIS OWN THE ABOVE OBSERVATION (HIS OWN THESIS) MAKES THE HYPOTHESIS THESIS) MAKES THE HYPOTHESIS ADVANCED BY THOSE WHO SEE ADVANCED BY THOSE WHO SEE MUHAMMAD AS THE AUTHOR OF THE MUHAMMAD AS THE AUTHOR OF THE QUR’AN UNTENABLE. QUR’AN UNTENABLE.

““HOW COULD A MAN, FROM BEING HOW COULD A MAN, FROM BEING ILLITERATE, BECOME THE MOST ILLITERATE, BECOME THE MOST IMPORTANT AUTHOR, IN TERMS IMPORTANT AUTHOR, IN TERMS OF LITERARY MERITS, IN THE OF LITERARY MERITS, IN THE WHOLE OF ARABIC LITERATURE? WHOLE OF ARABIC LITERATURE?

““HOW COULD HE THEN PRONOUNCE HOW COULD HE THEN PRONOUNCE TRUTHS OF A SCIENTIFIC NATURE TRUTHS OF A SCIENTIFIC NATURE THAT NO OTHER HUMAN BEING THAT NO OTHER HUMAN BEING COULD POSSIBLY HAVE COULD POSSIBLY HAVE DEVELOPED AT THAT TIME, AND DEVELOPED AT THAT TIME, AND ALL THIS WITHOUT ONCE MAKING ALL THIS WITHOUT ONCE MAKING THE SLIGHTEST ERROR IN HIS THE SLIGHTEST ERROR IN HIS PRONOUNCEMENT ON THE PRONOUNCEMENT ON THE SUBJECT?” SUBJECT?”

EARLY INSPIRATIONEARLY INSPIRATION

The seeds of this booklet, "The seeds of this booklet, "AL-AL-QUR'AN – The Miracle of QUR'AN – The Miracle of Miracles",Miracles", was probably sown by was probably sown by the Roving Ambassador of Islam, the Roving Ambassador of Islam, the silver-tongued orator – the silver-tongued orator – Maulana Abdul Aleem Siddiqui. Maulana Abdul Aleem Siddiqui.

I was only a schoolboy when he I was only a schoolboy when he visited South Africa on a lecture visited South Africa on a lecture tour in 1934. among his many tour in 1934. among his many erudite speeches, I heard him talk erudite speeches, I heard him talk on on “Cultivation of Science by “Cultivation of Science by the Muslims."the Muslims."

Subsequently, a booklet under the Subsequently, a booklet under the same title was published by the same title was published by the World Federation of Islamic World Federation of Islamic Missions, Karachi, Pakistan, which Missions, Karachi, Pakistan, which brings back the earlier joy and brings back the earlier joy and thrill of the discourse I heard in thrill of the discourse I heard in my teens. my teens.

In memory of that great servant of In memory of that great servant of Islam, I reproduce here, for Islam, I reproduce here, for posterity, a few words of what the posterity, a few words of what the Maulana had to say on the Maulana had to say on the relationship between the Noble relationship between the Noble Qur'an and the branches of Qur'an and the branches of scientific knowledge.scientific knowledge.

EXHORTATIONS TO EXHORTATIONS TO THE SCIENCESTHE SCIENCES

““The stress which the Holy Qur'an The stress which the Holy Qur'an has laid on the scientific study of has laid on the scientific study of the universe is a phenomenon the universe is a phenomenon unique in the religious literature unique in the religious literature of the world. of the world.

““Repeatedly it calls our attention to Repeatedly it calls our attention to the multifarious phenomena of the multifarious phenomena of nature occurring around us. nature occurring around us. Repeatedly it exhorts the Muslims Repeatedly it exhorts the Muslims that the pursult of scientific that the pursult of scientific knowledge is one of their religious knowledge is one of their religious duties. duties.

““Repeatedly it emphasizes the Repeatedly it emphasizes the great truth unknown to the pre-great truth unknown to the pre-Qur'anic world that everything in Qur'anic world that everything in nature is for the service of man nature is for the service of man and should be harnessed by him and should be harnessed by him for his use. for his use.

““It exhorts us to study the structure It exhorts us to study the structure and function of the human and function of the human organism, the structure, functions organism, the structure, functions and distribution of animals, the and distribution of animals, the form, structure, functions, form, structure, functions, classification and distribution of classification and distribution of plants, and these are problems of plants, and these are problems of BIOLOGY.”BIOLOGY.”

"It exhorts us to study the order of "It exhorts us to study the order of nature and the general properties nature and the general properties of matter as affected by energy, of matter as affected by energy, which is the problem of modern which is the problem of modern PHYSICS.”PHYSICS.”

"It exhorts us to study the structure "It exhorts us to study the structure and mineral constitution of the and mineral constitution of the globe, the different strata of globe, the different strata of which it is composed, the which it is composed, the changes that take place in its changes that take place in its organic and inorganic matter, etc, organic and inorganic matter, etc, etc,; which are the problems of etc,; which are the problems of modern GEOLOGY.”modern GEOLOGY.”

"It exhorts us to study the general "It exhorts us to study the general description of the earth, its description of the earth, its physical divisions into seas, physical divisions into seas, rivers, mountains, plains, etc., rivers, mountains, plains, etc., and the minerals, plants and and the minerals, plants and animals in each, and its political animals in each, and its political divisions which are the problems divisions which are the problems of modern GEOGRAPHY.”of modern GEOGRAPHY.”

"It exhorts us to study the causes "It exhorts us to study the causes which bring about the alternatioin which bring about the alternatioin of day and night, the variation of of day and night, the variation of the seasons, the movement of the the seasons, the movement of the planets and other celestial planets and other celestial phenomena, which are the phenomena, which are the problems of modern problems of modern ASTRONOMY."ASTRONOMY."

"It exhorts us to study the "It exhorts us to study the movements of winds, the movements of winds, the formation and evolution of clouds formation and evolution of clouds and the production of rain, and and the production of rain, and other similar phenomena, which other similar phenomena, which are the problems of modern are the problems of modern METEOROLOGY."METEOROLOGY."

For centuries, Muslims were world For centuries, Muslims were world leaders in the field of scientific leaders in the field of scientific learning. Then slowly, the learning. Then slowly, the leadership began to slip away from leadership began to slip away from their hands. Muslims had failed in their hands. Muslims had failed in their leadership role and their leadership role and materialistic Europe moved forward materialistic Europe moved forward to fill the vacuum in leadership to fill the vacuum in leadership created by the Muslims.created by the Muslims.

Further, the Maulana records the Further, the Maulana records the contribution made by the Muslims as contribution made by the Muslims as follows:follows:

"The intellectual upheaval created by "The intellectual upheaval created by Islam was a gigantic one. There is not a Islam was a gigantic one. There is not a single department of learning which the single department of learning which the Muslim scholars have left untouched and Muslim scholars have left untouched and which they have not carved out a high which they have not carved out a high position for themselves.”position for themselves.”

"In truth, Islam intends the Muslim "In truth, Islam intends the Muslim community to be a community of community to be a community of intellectuals, and the cultivation of intellectuals, and the cultivation of science and all other forms of learning science and all other forms of learning is one of the primary aims of Islam. Had is one of the primary aims of Islam. Had it not been for the Muslims, Europe it not been for the Muslims, Europe would never have seen its way to the would never have seen its way to the Renaissance and the modern scientific Renaissance and the modern scientific era would never have dawned. era would never have dawned.

““Those nations who have received Those nations who have received their knowledge of science from their knowledge of science from Europe are in fact indirectly the Europe are in fact indirectly the disciples of the Islamic disciples of the Islamic community of the past. Humanity community of the past. Humanity owes to Islam a debt which it can owes to Islam a debt which it can never repay and gratitude which never repay and gratitude which it can never forget." it can never forget."

The silver-tongued orator (the The silver-tongued orator (the Maulana) ended his masterful Maulana) ended his masterful exposition of the topic – exposition of the topic – ""CULTIVATION OF SCIENCE BY CULTIVATION OF SCIENCE BY THE MUSLIMS,"THE MUSLIMS," with the words: with the words:

““Before I conclude, let me affirm Before I conclude, let me affirm once more that the Muslim once more that the Muslim community is out and out a community is out and out a creation of Islam which in its turn creation of Islam which in its turn is rooted in Divine revelation. is rooted in Divine revelation.

““Nothing but belief in and the Nothing but belief in and the practice of Islam can make an practice of Islam can make an individual a Muslim. Islam has laid it individual a Muslim. Islam has laid it down as a religious duty that a down as a religious duty that a Muslim should enquire into the Muslim should enquire into the reality of objects around him, so reality of objects around him, so that his scientific enquiry may lead that his scientific enquiry may lead him to the knowledge of his him to the knowledge of his Creator.Creator.

““Scientific enquiry in Islam is not an Scientific enquiry in Islam is not an end but a means to the attainment end but a means to the attainment of a higher end. And this is really of a higher end. And this is really the true end of humanity.” the true end of humanity.”

““TO ALLAH WE BELONG AND TO TO ALLAH WE BELONG AND TO ALLAH IS OUR RETURN.”ALLAH IS OUR RETURN.”

Noble Qur'an 2:156Noble Qur'an 2:156[English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali][English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali]

CHAPTER THREECHAPTER THREE

Al-Qur'an: Absolutey Al-Qur'an: Absolutey Unique In Its Recording Unique In Its Recording

Among all the extant religious Among all the extant religious literature of the world, the Noble literature of the world, the Noble Qur'an is absolutely unique. Qur'an is absolutely unique.

Its recording and preservation are Its recording and preservation are miraculous! miraculous!

It stands out distinctly from the It stands out distinctly from the ordinary human pattern of ordinary human pattern of narration; the short-sighted and narration; the short-sighted and the inimical say that it is the inimical say that it is incoherent or incongruous. incoherent or incongruous.

The pattern definitely is different. The pattern definitely is different.

It is unique, it is miraculous. It is unique, it is miraculous.

Let me substantiate what I assert.Let me substantiate what I assert.

THE THE HUMAN STYLEHUMAN STYLE

Every other religious book is set on Every other religious book is set on the pattern of, "the pattern of, "Once upon a Once upon a time…" time…" or " or "The fox and the The fox and the grapes … the wolf and lamb,grapes … the wolf and lamb," " etc, etc, i.e.etc, etc, i.e.

1- a)1- a) IN THE BEGINNING IN THE BEGINNING (once (once Upon a Time) Upon a Time) God created the God created the heaven and the earth … heaven and the earth …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) Genesis 1:1 Genesis 1:1

The first verse of the Bible speaks The first verse of the Bible speaks about "the heaven and the earth" about "the heaven and the earth" in the singular. in the singular.

In the Noble Qur'an the word earth In the Noble Qur'an the word earth is always singular whereas the is always singular whereas the word heavens is in the plural. word heavens is in the plural.

Some thing to ponder upon!Some thing to ponder upon!

The word The word "Genesis" "Genesis" itself means itself means the beginning this is, after all, the beginning this is, after all, how every human tale ought to how every human tale ought to start. start.

It should begin with the It should begin with the "beginning!"."beginning!".

b) b) IN THE BEGINNING IN THE BEGINNING (once (once Upon a Time) Upon a Time) was the word, was the word, and the word was with God, and the word was with God, and the word was God … and the word was God …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) John 1:1 John 1:1

In the original Greek manuscripts of In the original Greek manuscripts of the New Testament there is no the New Testament there is no such thing as a capital letter and a such thing as a capital letter and a small letter. The Christian small letter. The Christian theologians have contrived capitals theologians have contrived capitals according to their religious according to their religious prejudices into their translations of prejudices into their translations of the Bible i.e. God and god. the Bible i.e. God and god.

c)c) THIS IS THE GENEALOGY THIS IS THE GENEALOGY (The Origin, The Beginning) (The Origin, The Beginning) of of Jesus Christ, the son of David, Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham … the son of Abraham …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) Matthew 1:1 Matthew 1:1

2.2. NOW AFTER THE DEATH NOW AFTER THE DEATH OF MOSES THE SERVANT OF OF MOSES THE SERVANT OF THE LORD IT CAME TO PASS THE LORD IT CAME TO PASS (So it happened, Once Upon a (So it happened, Once Upon a Time) Time) that the Lord spake unto that the Lord spake unto Joshua … Joshua …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) Joshua 1:1 Joshua 1:1

3.3. NOW AFTER THE DEATH NOW AFTER THE DEATH OF JOSHUA IT CAME TO PASS OF JOSHUA IT CAME TO PASS (So it happened, Once Upon a (So it happened, Once Upon a Time) Time) the children of Israel the children of Israel asked the Lord … asked the Lord …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) Judges 1:1 Judges 1:1

The editors of the RSV (the Revised The editors of the RSV (the Revised Standard Version) of the Bible, Standard Version) of the Bible, supported by 32 scholars of the supported by 32 scholars of the highest eminence; backed by 50 highest eminence; backed by 50 co-operating denominations, co-operating denominations, concluded their verdict regarding concluded their verdict regarding its authorship – NOT God but its authorship – NOT God but "Possibly "Possibly Samuel!".Samuel!".

4.4. NOW IT CAME TO PASS NOW IT CAME TO PASS (So (So it happened, Once Upon a Time) it happened, Once Upon a Time) in the days when the Judges in the days when the Judges ruled, that there was famine ruled, that there was famine in the land … in the land …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) Ruth 1:1 Ruth 1:1

Their verdict again – Their verdict again –

"Not "Not definitelydefinitely known, known, perhapsperhaps Samuel!" Most definitely NOT Samuel!" Most definitely NOT God!”God!”

5.5. NOW THERE WAS A NOW THERE WAS A CERTAIN MAN CERTAIN MAN (Once Upon a (Once Upon a Time) of Time) of Ramathaimzophim, of Ramathaimzophim, of the mount Ephraim … the mount Ephraim …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) Samuel 1:1 Samuel 1:1

Amazingly, the inspired editors of Amazingly, the inspired editors of the RSV say about the authorship the RSV say about the authorship of the Book of Judges – "Possibly of the Book of Judges – "Possibly Samuel" and for the Book of Ruth Samuel" and for the Book of Ruth – "Perhaps Samuel", but when – "Perhaps Samuel", but when they come to the Book of Samuel they come to the Book of Samuel himself they declare – Author – himself they declare – Author – "Unknown!""Unknown!"

6.6. NOW IT CAME TO PASS NOW IT CAME TO PASS (So (So it happened, Once Upon a Time) it happened, Once Upon a Time) after the death of Saul … after the death of Saul …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) 2 Samuel 1:1 2 Samuel 1:1

7.7.NOW NOW (Once Upon a Time) (Once Upon a Time) King David King David was oldwas old (Gone Old) (Gone Old) and stricken in and stricken in years, and they covered him with years, and they covered him with clothes, but he gat no heat.clothes, but he gat no heat.

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) 1 King 1:1 1 King 1:1

The same (editors’ verdict) – Author – The same (editors’ verdict) – Author – "Unknown!""Unknown!"

8.8. NOW NOW (Once Upon a Time) (Once Upon a Time) in in the first year of Cyrus King of the first year of Cyrus King of Persia …Persia …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) Book of Ezra 1:1 Book of Ezra 1:1

Again they unashamedly confess – Again they unashamedly confess – author – author – "Probably"Probably written or written or edited by Ezra!" edited by Ezra!"

Note their guarded semantics- Note their guarded semantics- "Possibly, perhaps, probably, etc" "Possibly, perhaps, probably, etc"

Get my book Get my book "Is the Bible God's "Is the Bible God's Word?"Word?" from the IPCI for a fuller from the IPCI for a fuller insight. insight.

9.9. NOW IT CAME TO PASS NOW IT CAME TO PASS (So (So it happened, Once Upon a Time) it happened, Once Upon a Time) in the thirtieth year, in the in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth day fourth month, in the fifth day of the month … of the month …

(Holy Bible)(Holy Bible) Ezekiel1:1 Ezekiel1:1

If these examples do not confuse If these examples do not confuse and bewilder you, then nothing and bewilder you, then nothing else will! You are inevitably struck else will! You are inevitably struck with the "once upon a time" with the "once upon a time" syndrome. You have cultivated a syndrome. You have cultivated a predilection for man-made predilection for man-made stories, even if they be true. stories, even if they be true.

The style, the pattern, the narration The style, the pattern, the narration is what I am speaking about. is what I am speaking about.

This is how humans think, talk and This is how humans think, talk and write. write.

No blame on them for humans will No blame on them for humans will be humans! be humans!

All the above references are from All the above references are from the authorized King James Version the authorized King James Version (KIV) which is the most popular (KIV) which is the most popular version among the Christians of version among the Christians of the world.the world.

You must have noted that every You must have noted that every verse in the above quotations is verse in the above quotations is 1:1, 1:1, meaning the 1:1, 1:1, meaning the firstfirst chapter and the chapter and the firstfirst verse of verse of every bookevery book of the Bible.; each of the Bible.; each starts with starts with NOWNOW, NOW, now!". , NOW, now!".

Try it out, see for yourself how many Try it out, see for yourself how many more such beginnings you can find more such beginnings you can find in the in the "Book of Books“. "Book of Books“.

[Book of Books[Book of Books: A title of the Holy : A title of the Holy Bible.]Bible.]

I must, however warn you that your I must, however warn you that your Bible Concordances will not help Bible Concordances will not help you. You will have to page through you. You will have to page through the Bible the same way as I did. the Bible the same way as I did.

CONCORDANCES WON'T CONCORDANCES WON'T HELPHELP

I consulted two Bible I consulted two Bible Concordances:Concordances:

The first was published by the The first was published by the Jehovah's Witnesses – The fastest Jehovah's Witnesses – The fastest growing Christian sect in growing Christian sect in Christendom. Christendom.

The second is "Young's Analytical The second is "Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible". Concordance to the Bible".

Both these concordances boast Both these concordances boast over 300000 entries each. over 300000 entries each.

The latter has no less than 277 The latter has no less than 277 now'snow's listed, but there is not a listed, but there is not a single "NOW" (once upon a time) single "NOW" (once upon a time) of the examples given above. of the examples given above.

You can guess the reason!You can guess the reason!

[Because they represent childish [Because they represent childish redundancies ("ONCE UPON A redundancies ("ONCE UPON A TIME"); which ill-befits the word of TIME"); which ill-befits the word of God even according to their own God even according to their own standards.]standards.]

I do not want to tax your patience I do not want to tax your patience any further. I realize that you will any further. I realize that you will want proof. want proof.

"Alright now"Alright now, please tell us , please tell us youryour story about story about youryour Qur'anic Qur'anic revelation!"revelation!"

"It was the night of the 27th of the "It was the night of the 27th of the month of Ramadaan that month of Ramadaan that Muhammad (PBUH) the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) the prophet of Islam, was in cave of Hira, in of Islam, was in cave of Hira, in the outskirts of the City of the outskirts of the City of Makkah. Makkah.

““He used to retire to Mount Hira for He used to retire to Mount Hira for peace and contemplation. peace and contemplation.

He used to worry about the He used to worry about the problems of his people – their problems of his people – their drunkenness, adulteries, drunkenness, adulteries, idolatries, wars, their rank idolatries, wars, their rank injustices and cruelties. injustices and cruelties.

So much so that Gibbon, the master So much so that Gibbon, the master historian, was constrained to historian, was constrained to record in his record in his "Decline and fall of "Decline and fall of the roman empire"the roman empire"::

""THE HUMAN BRUTE (THE ARAB), THE HUMAN BRUTE (THE ARAB), ALMOST WITHOUT SENSE IS ALMOST WITHOUT SENSE IS POORLY DISTINGUISHED FROM THE POORLY DISTINGUISHED FROM THE REST OF THE ANIMAL CREATION.REST OF THE ANIMAL CREATION.""

The recluse of Hira was yearning The recluse of Hira was yearning for a solution. for a solution.

He used to retire to his retreat He used to retire to his retreat often alone, but sometimes with often alone, but sometimes with his dear wife his dear wife Umm-ul-Umm-ul-Mo'mineen Mo'mineen (Mother of the (Mother of the Faithful)Faithful) Khadija-tul-Kubra. Khadija-tul-Kubra.

THE FIRST CALL THE FIRST CALL

One night – the night of Lailatul-One night – the night of Lailatul-Qadr – (the Night of Power and Qadr – (the Night of Power and Excellence) when Divine peace Excellence) when Divine peace rests on creation, and all nature is rests on creation, and all nature is lifted up towards its Lord – in the lifted up towards its Lord – in the middle of that night the book of middle of that night the book of God was opened to the thirsting God was opened to the thirsting soul. soul.

Gabriel, the angel of God, appears Gabriel, the angel of God, appears to him, and commands him in his to him, and commands him in his mother tongue: mother tongue: إقرأإقرأ Iqra'Iqra', which , which mean "read!" or "recite" or mean "read!" or "recite" or "rehearse!" or "proclaim" aloud! "rehearse!" or "proclaim" aloud!

Muhammad (PBUH) was too Muhammad (PBUH) was too terrified and was totally terrified and was totally unprepared for this shock. unprepared for this shock.

This was no graduating or gowning This was no graduating or gowning ceremony. ceremony.

In fear and trepidation he cries outIn fear and trepidation he cries out بقارئ أنا بقارئ ما أنا -Maa-ana-beqaa-Maa-ana-beqaa ما

Ri'inRi'in" " "I am not learned!" "I am not learned!"

The angel repeats the command The angel repeats the command Iqra'Iqra' for the second time, with for the second time, with the identical response from the identical response from Muhammad (PBUH). Muhammad (PBUH).

Gabriel embraces him hard and Gabriel embraces him hard and commands him the third time:commands him the third time:

““READ! IN THE NAME OF THY READ! IN THE NAME OF THY LORD AND CHERISHER WHO LORD AND CHERISHER WHO CREATED …”CREATED …”

Muhammad (PBUH) now grasps Muhammad (PBUH) now grasps that what he was required to do, that what he was required to do, was to repeat what was being was to repeat what was being said, since this Arabic word said, since this Arabic word Iqra'Iqra' means all these things – read, means all these things – read, recite or repeat! recite or repeat!

Following the above first verse Following the above first verse (English meaning) of (English meaning) of Sura Al-Sura Al-Alaq Alaq (Chapter 96 of the Noble (Chapter 96 of the Noble Qur'an), four more verses were Qur'an), four more verses were repeated and recited on repeated and recited on Muhammad's (PBUH) first call and Muhammad's (PBUH) first call and subsequently recorded in written subsequently recorded in written form in the Noble Qur'an …form in the Noble Qur'an …

"Hold it, Mr. Deedat! "Hold it, Mr. Deedat! ““I can almost hear you shriek. I can almost hear you shriek. ““All this that you are telling us about All this that you are telling us about

your "Qur'anic revelation" is no your "Qur'anic revelation" is no different from the other numerous different from the other numerous examples you have to prove to have examples you have to prove to have had a human hand in it. had a human hand in it.

““Were they all fallible and not divine?"Were they all fallible and not divine?"

Exactly! I am happy that you see Exactly! I am happy that you see clearly how the subjective mind of clearly how the subjective mind of man thinks, talks, and records. man thinks, talks, and records.

From the time you asked me From the time you asked me "please tell us your STORY "please tell us your STORY about your Qur'anic about your Qur'anic revelation"revelation" and I began to and I began to respond – respond –

"It was the night of the 27th of "It was the night of the 27th of the month of Ramadaan …"the month of Ramadaan …" up up to – to – "and subsequently recorded "and subsequently recorded in written form in the Noble in written form in the Noble Qur'an"Qur'an" were my own words. were my own words.

I borrowed them from the Noble I borrowed them from the Noble Qur'an, from the Books of Tradition, Qur'an, from the Books of Tradition, from history and from the lips of from history and from the lips of learned men I heard over the learned men I heard over the decades. decades.

The Qur'anic Scripture has no such The Qur'anic Scripture has no such taint from the hands of men. This taint from the hands of men. This is how it is preserved. is how it is preserved.

I will list the first five verses of the I will list the first five verses of the first revelation to Muhammad first revelation to Muhammad (PBUH), for your critical (PBUH), for your critical observation and study – observation and study –

1. 1. PROCLAIM! (OR READ!)PROCLAIM! (OR READ!) IN THE NAME OF THY IN THE NAME OF THY LORD AND CHERISHER,LORD AND CHERISHER,

WHO CREATED –WHO CREATED –

2. CREATED MAN, OUT OF A 2. CREATED MAN, OUT OF A (MERE) CLOT OF CONGEALED (MERE) CLOT OF CONGEALED BLOOD:BLOOD:

3. PROCLAIM! AND THY LORD 3. PROCLAIM! AND THY LORD IS MOST BOUNTIFUL, -IS MOST BOUNTIFUL, -

4. HE WHO TAUGHT4. HE WHO TAUGHT(THE USE OF) THE PEN, -(THE USE OF) THE PEN, -

5. TAUGHT MAN THAT WHICH HE 5. TAUGHT MAN THAT WHICH HE KNEW NOTKNEW NOT

[English interpretation by A. Yusuf [English interpretation by A. Yusuf Ali] Ali]