chapter three extra

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Chapter Three Extra



Development of the 20th Century

� Technology, Resources andDevelopment and changes in societies

� (Industrial Revolution, coal and steamtechnology, Fossil fuel versatility)

� The growth of Capitalism and influenceof technology«industrial

revolution«(Huge productivity andinvestment are unattainable withadvance technology



Division of the World

� Producers and Finisher (Why)

� Globalization of this trend (Colonialism)

Core vs. Peripheral� Merits of Capitalism as wanted system

(Individuality, liberty to ownership of

property, willingness, capability andpotential) yet not exempted from hurdles



Political Challenges

� First and Second World Wars

� Causes and Effects of the wars

� Solutions to the challenges



Economic Challenge

� Fallout of the Political challenges

� Global Economic Depression (1923-33)

� The aftermath of Second World War

(Golden Depression 1945-73)

� The Oil Crisis (1970-73)



Ideological Challenge

� The Rise of Fascism (Fasces) (1922-43)

Benito Mussolini

(Collectivism, One party, one leader, no class

division, nationalistic, subordination of individuality for collectivism, racial, restorationof family tradition, overseeing private and

public life, coercive, official cartels controllingall aspects of manufacturing, finance and

agriculture, government interference fromproduction to consumption, autarky. nationalself sufficiency, protectionism, import restricted

except for unavailable goods, againstinternational division of labour)



Ideological Challenge (continued)

� The Rise of Nazism (National Socialist

German Workers¶ Party) 1933-45

(Populist system, mass oriented, dogmatic,racial discrimination, superiority of Aryan

race, Centralization of government, though

against Communism, like Fascism they

both share same commonalities




� Communism (collectivism, communalism)

� Virulently against Capitalism accuses of exploitation, believes in equality of classes,

Centralisation of system, governmentinterference in production to consumption train,State ownership of property and labour for statealone, believes in even distribution of wealth

� Russia as communism state (proletariatrevolution vs. bourgeoisie) semi-peripheral andperipheral countries (China, Yugoslavia, former East Europe and Southeast Europe, South

America and few African countries)




� Islamic Revivalism

� The Lost of Muslim Hegemony and the

process of Europeanization of the Muslimworld

� The struggle for freedom and resurgence

of Muslim socio-political, economic and

cultural values

� Pan-Islamism

� Watershed (1979, 1980s events)



The end of Imperialism

� End of Europeanization of the world

� 2nd World War and process of Decolonization

� Americanization of the world

� Bi-polar world system

� Spread of Literacy

� Nationalism

� Inequality of Development (Core and

Peripheral)

� Could the peripheral ever march up the core

chapter three extra

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