chapter six–– the culture of rome
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Chapter Six
The Culture of Rome
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Early Hellenistic Rome
Philip IIconquered Greece by around 338 BCE
Alexander the Great, a Macedonian tutored by Aristotle,
spread Greek culture and language by conquering Persia,Mesopotamia, and Egypt
Hellenistic means Greek-like
The rise ofindividuality.
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Two New Philosophies
Stoicism
Taught by Zeno
The Stoic GodHuman soul = a
piece of DivineReason
Apathy for anythingnot concerned withvirtue
Epicureanism
Taught by Epicurus
Misery caused byfear (of gods and life
after death)
Atoms and
Molecules
Maximize pleasure,
minimize pain
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The Roman Empire
Optimates and
Populares
The Senate,Patricians,
and Tribunes
The difference between
Greek democracy and
the Roman republic
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Julius Caesar
(100-44 BCE) Established a dictatorship
after Pompeys death
Codified laws, regulatedtaxation, inaugurated
public works projects,
and granted citizenship to
non-Italians
Reformed the western
calendar
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Caesar and Cleopatra
A political affair
Reality and mythology
A child named
Caesarion
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The Fall of the Roman Empire
Caesar was assassinated
on March 15, 44 BCE,
by Marcus Brutus,Gaius Cassius, and
other senators
ANew Triumvirate is
formed by OctavianCaesar, Mark Antony,
and Marcus Lepidus to
capture the assassins
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Antony and Cleopatra
A love affair?
Octavian Caesars war on
Egypt
Mark Antony and Cleopatracommit suicide after losingtheBattle of Actium in 30
BCE
Caesarian is brutallymurdered
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Pax RomanaRoman Peace
Octavian accepts the title ofAugustus Caesar(theRevered One) from the Senate and becomes a
powerful figure in controlling the direction Romesarmy as well as the states finances
Other popular emperors include Vespasian, Titus,Trajan, andHadrian
ThePax Romana fell due to three mad emperorssucceeding Augustus CaesarTiberius, Caligula, and
Nero
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Entertainment in Ancient Rome
Roman Bathhouses
Regular meeting places
for men to discussbusiness and exchange
news
The Circus Maximus
High speed horseracing
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Days and Nights at the Colosseum
Gladitorial Combat
Began as a funeral
ritualDifferent kinds of
combatants
Naval battles
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Romes Men of Words
Marcus Tullus Cicero (106-44 BCE), orator and translatorof Greek literature into Latin
Also composed his own book of philosophy
Ovid(43 BCE-c.17 CE), author ofThe Art of Love and TheMetamorphoses
Virgil(70-19 BCE), famous for an epic poem called TheAeneid, which is like HomersIliadand Odyssey praisingRome, which makes it less individualistic as its Greekcounterpart
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The Birth of Satire
Horaceprimarily a poet, he
believed poetry must be
both dulce (sweet) and
utile (useful)
Created thesatire, which
was used to ridicule the
world
Mild and humorous satirewith an optimistic nature
Juvenal a writer of very cruel,
bitingly honest and
sarcastic satire
Used to expose and
riducule things with a
very pessimistic nature
Petronius, author ofThe Satyricon