chapter outline chapter 34: the middle east, africa and latin america since 1945 ©2006, pearson...
TRANSCRIPT
Brummett, et al Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
I. The Middle East, Post WarII. The Middle East, continuedIII. AfricaIV. Latin America: Reform, Repression or Revolt
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
I. The Middle East, Post-War
A. Decolonization
EgyptGamal Abdel Nasser
overthrows King Faruq> Republic, 1953control of Suez
B. The Arab-Israeli ConflictArab League
rejects partitionMay, 1948, Israel
1967, Nasserthreatens wardefeated by Israel
1964, Palestinian Liberation Organization
(B. The Arab-Israeli Conflict)
1967, UN Resolution 242recognizes Israelorders return of landsSoviet Union aids Arab statesUS aids Israel and Arab states
Yom Kippur War, 1973Soviets and US square off1974, Egyptian-Israeli agreement
C. Oil Politics
1933, Ibn Sa’udconcession to Amoco
OPECIran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, VenezuelaEmbargo, 1973
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
II. The Middle East, continued
A. Egyptian-Israeli Détente
1977, Anwar Sadatpeace talks with Israel
Camp David, 1978President CarterMenachim BeginAnwar Sadat
Sinai returned to Egypt> Egypt expelled from Arab
League
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
II. The Middle East, continuedB. Turkey and Lebanon
Turkeyearly independence1946, multiparty elections1990s
Tansu Ciller, first female premierNecmettin Erbakan, first IslamistRefah party
Islamic reformoutlawed, 1998
Islamist Justice and Development
Partymoderate2002, 2/3’s majority
Recep Erdogan premier
LebanonFrench mandatePLO’s headquartersDruze
from Shi’ites1981, PLO attacks Israel
Beirut attacked
C. The Iranian RevolutionUS v. SovietsShah Mohammad Reza PahlaviIranian Communist party (Tudeh)
Mohammad Mosaddeq, Prime Minister
1978, student demonstrations> 1979, Shah flees
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeinireturns, rulesWestern trends reversedSharia reimposed
Iran-Iraq war1980, Hussein attacks Iran1989, armistice
1997, Mohammad Khatamimove to Westre-elected, 2001
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
II. The Middle East, continuedD. Toward a New Balance
EgyptAnwar Sadat
Muslim BrotherhoodHosni Mubarak
Saddam Hussein1990, Kuwait attacked
UN responseJordan, PLO aid Iraq1991, Iraq bombed
2003, overthrown1993, Arafat and Yitzhak
Rabinfive-year plan1995, Rabin assassinated
2001, World Trade Center attacked
E. Islamist FactionsHamas
rejects Israel
Al-QaedaOsama Bin Laden
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
III. Africa
A. Trends1950s, 1960s, independence for
many
Organization of African Unityfounded, 1963
1980s, second wave of independence
Capitalism v. communism, socialism
Neocolonialismties remain with colonizers
IMFStructural Adjustment Programsmarket model
AIDS
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
III. Africa
A. Trends1950s, 1960s, independence for
many
Organization of African Unityfounded, 1963
1980s, second wave of independence
Capitalism v. communism, socialism
Neocolonialismties remain with colonizers
IMFStructural Adjustment Programsmarket model
AIDS
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
III. AfricaB. North Africa
Tunisia, Morocco1956, independence
AlgeriaFront for National Liberation (FLN)Islamic Salvation Front (FIS)
1992 elections1995, General Liamine Zéroual
(B. North Africa)
LibyaMuammar al-Qadhaffi
1969, overthrows monarchyinspired by NasserJamahiriya
socialism + Islam1977, “Socialist People’s Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya”North Africa,
2004
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
C. Middle Africa
Ghana1957, Kwame Nkrumah
prime minister> dictator
1966, coup> military rule
1969, elections restored2000, John Kufuor
Nigeria1960, independence1966, military coup1967, Republic of Biafra
secessionOlesegun Obasanjo
elected 1993, 2003
Middle Africa, 2004
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
III. AfricaDemocratic Republic of Congo
1960, independence
Joseph Mobutu Sese Seko (1930-97)coup, 1965> Zaïre
Laurent Kabilauprising, 1997
The Democratic Republic of Congo, 2004
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
III. AfricaB. Northeastern Africa
EthiopiaHaile Selassie1973, faminemilitary coup, 1974Mengistu Haile Meriam
> socialismDergue, council
SomaliaSiad Barré, from Maréhan clan
1991, civil war> famine
RwandaHutus v. Tutsis1974, Juvenal Habyarimana
Hutu1990, Tutsi rebels from Uganda
> civil warHutu massacre of Tutsis, 1994Paul Kagame
Northeastern Africa, 2004
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
C. Southern Africa1974, Portuguese coup
> independence for coloniesAngola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau
AngolaNational Union for the Total
Independence of Angola
(UNITA)aided by US
Movement for the Popular Liberation of Angola
(MPLA)aided by Soviet Union and Cuba
Zimbabwe1960s, rebellion against white ruleJoshua Nkomo, Robert Mugabe
boycott 1978 elections> new elections, 1980
Mugabe president
Africa, 2004
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
III. AfricaC. Southern Africa
South Africa1948, apartheid
Population Registration ActGroup Areas Actbased on Bantustans
Protest1956, women’s march, Pretoria1976, student protests
1989, F. W. de Klerklegalizes banned partiesfrees Nelson Mandela
1994, free electionsMandela elected president
1999, 2004Thabo Mbeki president
Namibia1966, South Africa’s mandate
ended
South-West Africa Peoples’ Organization
(SWAPO)
Southern Africa, 2004
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
IV. Latin America: Reform, Repression or Revolt
A. The Perils of the Postwar EraDebt
1970: $27.6 billion1980: $2311990: $417.6
Drug trade
B. The Yankee FactorOrganization of American States
194835 countries
Alliance for ProgressJohn F. Kennedyeconomic support
1978, Panama Canal Zone treatyto Panama, 1999
1989, U.S. invasion of Panama
C. South America
BrazilJuscelino KubitshekJoão Goulart, 1961-64Fernando Cardoso, 1994, 1998
ArgentinaJuan PerónPerónistas1976, military rule
disparadosMothers of the Plaza del Mayo
1989, Carlos Menem
1999, Fernando de la Rúa2001, resignsbankruptcy
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
IV. Latin America: Reform, Repression or RevoltD. The Caribbean
Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom)
Jamaicamixed economyJamaican Labour Party (JLP)People’s National Party (PNP)
Michael ManleyEdward Seaga, JLP1989, Manley reelected1992, Percival Patterson
CubaFulgensio Batista
1934-581953, Fidel Castro
Communist1990s, opening
(D. The Caribbean)
Haiti
1957, François Duvalier(Papa Doc)Tontons Macoutes
1971, Jean-Claude Duvalier(Baby Doc)1986, forced out of office
1991, Jean-Bertrand Aristideexpelled> UN embargo> reprisals
1994, Aristide returned
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
IV. Latin America: Reform, Repression or Revolt
E. Mexico and Central AmericaMexico
Partido Revolucionaro Institucional (PRI)
North American Free Trade Association(NAFTA)
1997, PRI loses majority of congress2000, Vicente Fox Quesada
Alliance for Change
NicaraguaSomosa Family
dictators, 1937-79Sandinista National Liberation Front1984, Daniel Ortega2001 Enrique Bolaños
El Salvador1973, Napoleon Duarte
> death squads1991, peace agreement
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 34: The Middle East, Africa and Latin America Since 1945
©2
00
6, P
ears
on
Ed
uc a
tion
, In
c.
Borders and Realities: The UN Partition Plan