Chapter One – The First Americans

First Migrations

• First people arrive 33,000-10,000 B.C.

• Americas populated by 9500 B.C.

Chapter Two• Rise of the Atlantic World• 1492 – Beginning of Columbian

Exchange• Colonization follows• Disease epidemics – 95%

mortality rate, mostly within first 30 years

European SettlementPre-1700

European SettlementPre-1700

First English Colony

• Several failed attempts• Roanoke Colony

Jamestown• 1607• Virginia Company of London• Harsh conditions and laziness almost

destroy colony• John Smith arrives, imposes martial

law, better relations with Powhatan Indians

Plymouth Colony• 1620 – Mayflower arrives with

Separatists (aka-Pilgrims)• Signing of Mayflower Compact by all

adult males• William Bradford-governor• Miles Standish – military leader• Aided by Squanto

Chapter 3-The New England Way

1630 – Massachusetts Bay ColonyQ: What were the Puritan beliefs?

•Calvinism•Predestination•Public displays•Purify Anglican Church

Social Foundations - Pilgrims

Political Foundations

What was the purpose of Mass. Bay Colony?

• “City Upon a Hill”• “A Model of Christian Charity”• Utopian example• Shame church into reform• Orthodoxy• John Winthrop

“For we must consider that we shall be a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us….”

Why was Mass. Bay initially so successful?

• Settled in vacated Indian land• Little resistance from Indians

(epidemics)• Calvinist values = hard work, modest

living

Describe Puritan Education.

• Promote literacy – read the Bible • Every town had teachers• Harvard – 1636 – trained ministers • New England - first region with educated

elite

To what extent was there separation of Church and State

for the Puritans?

• Church attendance & fees mandatory• State supported church• Town Hall both church

and gov’t building

• Church free of state control – no theocracy.

What did Roger Williams believe?

• Supported complete separation of church and state

• Why???

What happened to Roger Williams?• Banished in 1635• Settled Providence (later Rhode Island)

What did Anne Hutchinson do?

• Accused Massachusetts ministers of straying from Calvinism (endorsing good deeds)

Who supported Hutchinson?• Merchants (anti-regulation)• Younger generation (less rigid control)• Women (2nd class citizens)• Supporters called Antinomians

What happened to Hutchinson?

• Banished, settled in Rhode Island

What was the significance of Williams and Hutchison?

• First major threats to established authority• Led to creation of RI – tolerant Puritan

colony• Restrictions on women

Puritan Politics

Who participated in politics?• Male saints – those saved• No property requirements • 55% male suffrage (30% in England)

Was New England democratic?

Family Structure• “Little Commonwealth”• Male head of household• Women as homemakers• Children as labor force• Most families worked toward subsistence,

not profit

Puritan Women

What rights did Puritan women have?• Annulment of unhealthy marriages• Legal protection against violence and neglect

What legal disadvantages did women have?• Few property rights

The Half-way CovenantWhat caused the membership crisis?• Younger generation disliked public

displays of faith, thus not considered saints

What did the covenant do?

Why is it important?

Relations with Native Americans

Why so little initial resistance?• Indians weakened by diseases

• Compare and Contrast the Pequot War (1637) with King Philip’s War (1675-76)

Relations with Native Americans

Pequot War (1637) King Philip’s War (1675-76)

Social and Economic Changes in NE

What jobs became popular? Why?• Fishing, fur, lumber, ship building, etc.

Effect of land acquisition? Why?• Communities spread out, less tightly knit

How did market economy change NE?• Profit motive greater than Christian motive

The Salem Witch Trials

What were the causes?

What were the effects?

What is the

significance?

Wrap-Up

What led to the demise of the “City on a Hill” (the “Puritan Experiment”?

For Next Class: Outline Chap 3 (2nd half)

I encourage you to use the table to organize the main points as (or after) you outline Chapter 3.