33

CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Findings

The following tables are provided to show the frequency of the data

found according to the categories of the content word and the process of the

word formation as the objective of this study. The first table below shows the

the finding of content word categories.

Table 4.1 The Frequencies of Content Word Categories

No. Content word categories Total numbers Percentage

1.

Noun

a. Proper Noun

b. Common Noun

23

2

82,14%

7,14%

2.

Verb

a. Main Verb

b. Auxiliary Verb

2

0

7,14%

3.

Adjective

a. Attributive

b. Predicative

1

0

3,58%

0%

4.

Adverb

a. Circumstantial Adverb

b. Degree of Adjectival Attribute

c. Intensifying Adverb

d. Conjunctive Adverb

0

0

0

0

0%

0%

0%

0%

Total 28 100%

By looking at the table above, we can conclude that there are only

three categories of content word that found in the data that were collected;

34

they are noun, verb, and adjective. From the data above, noun which divided

to proper noun and common noun dominate the number of data. The amount

of proper noun found in this study is 23 words or 82,14% of the data found

while common noun only makes 2 word or 7,14% of the data. On the other

hand, the amount of verb that found in this study is similar to the data that

belongs to common noun which is 2 words or 7,14% of the data and it all

belongs to the main verb. The last category of the content word found in this

study is adjective, with only attributive adjective gained 1 word or 3,58% of

the total data while predicative adjective gain no word. On the other hand,

adverb with all of its sub-categories has zero words and percentage.

The following table is a second table to presents the finding of word

formation processes.

Table 4.2 The Frequencies of Word Formation Processes

No. Processes of word formation Total number Percentage

1. Borrowing 2 7,14%

2. Derivation 4 14,29%

3. Compounding 4 14,29%

4. Functional Shift 0 0%

5. Back Formation 0 0%

6. Clipping 5 17,86%

7. Proper Name 0 0%

8. Imitation 0 0%

9. Blending 7 25,00%

10. Coinage 3 10,71%

11. Multiple Process 3 10,71%

Total 28 100%

35

The table above shows the data of word formation processes found in

this study. From the data, it shows that in this study only seven processes of

word formation were found which are borrowing, compounding, clipping,

blending, coinage, and multiple process. The data shows that blending has

the largest amount of how the words were proceeded with the total number

of 7 words or in percentage is 25,00%. The second-largest number is

clipping with the total number of 5 words or in percentage is 17,86%. The

rank is followed by derivation and compounding with the same amount of

total data that is 4 words or 14,29%. Furthermore, coinage and multiple

process also have the same amount of total data which is 3 words or 10,71%

in the total number of findings. The last one is borrowing category with the

total number of 2 word or in percentage is 7,14%. Meanwhile, functional

shift, back formation, proper name, and imitation have zero data.

B. Discussion

1. Neologisms

To find out the neologisms created during the coronavirus pandemic

in this study, they were obtained from online articles and news portal

websites. The result of the research found that there are a total number of 28

neologisms obtained. Those neologisms are corona, coronavirus, 2019-

nCoV, COVID19, SARS-nCoV-2, Zoombombing, new normal, covidiot,

covexit, , anti-lockdown, covideoparty, rona, quazzie, sanny, doomscrolling,

36

quarantini, quaranteam, post-pandemic, self-isolate, WFH, walktail,

coronials, blursday, self-quarantine, PPE, PUI, RAT, and RT-PCR.

2. Content Word Categories

The second objectives discussed in this study is the categories of

content word of neologisms that appeared during coronavirus pandemic 2019.

This study applies Morley‟s theory to explain the categories of the content

word. There are four categories of the content words and each of them has

sub-categories according to his theory. They are discussed in the explanation

below.

a. Noun

The noun category shows the largest number of the finding in this

study. It gains 26 words or in percentage is 92,86% which means makes it

the majority of the total data. In this case, the finding discussed both proper

and common noun. The concrete and abstract objects which are found in the

neologisms created during coronavirus pandemic were presented, the words

include name, term, and thing. The data shows both sub-categories of noun

were obtained, and they are presented in the discussion below.

37

1) Proper noun

Proper noun as explained before refers to nouns where it is viewed as

having a single specific denotation. The data showed that this category gains

23 words or 82,14% from the total number of the finding of content word

categories. The finding of neologisms that appeared during coronavirus

pandemic shows names and terms in this category as in further discussion.

The first neologism was found in a news portal website named Fox 10

Phoenix titled How did coronavirus get its name? Written by Jordan Smith

as in the following line.1

As is often the case in the scientific world, coronavirus‟ name is Latin.

In the ancient language, corona means crown. (line 13-14)

Corona in the sentence showed above refers to a term which is

coronavirus. Corona as mentioned above is a Latin word which

meaning is crown in English.

The second neologism was obtained is coronavirus which was found

in an article from BBC News titled Coronavirus: Virus isolation period

extended from seven to 10 days as in the line below.2

1 Jordan Smith, “How Did Coronavirus Get Its Name?,” Fox 10 Phoenix (Atlanta,

May 6, 2020), accessed September 23, 2020, https://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/how-did-

coronavirus-get-its-name.

38

People who test positive for coronavirus or show symptoms in the

UK must now self-isolate for at least 10 days, rather than seven. (line

1-3)

Coronavirus is a term of a virus which has crown-like shapped and

was highly used and known since the pandemic outbreak in 2019.

The third one is the words 2019-nCoV that was found in an article 2019-

nCoV transmission through the acular surface must not be ignored, that is

stated in the following sentence.3

Chaolin Huang and colleagues reported the epidemiology, symptoms,

and treatment of patients infected by the 2019 novel coronavirus

(2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. (line 1-5)

The term 2019-nCoV is stand for the name of the virus which is

novel coronavirus that was happening in 2019.

Another neologisms are COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 that were found in

an article titled as Getting to Know SARS-CoV-2: Towards a Better

Understanding of The Factors Influencing Transmission as in the following

lines.4

It has been six months since the identification of first cases of

COVID-19 pandemic. (line 8)

2 BBC News, “Coronavirus: Virus Isolation Period Extended from Seven to 10

Days,” BBC News (UK, July 30, 2020), Nws edition, sec. UK, accessed October 15, 2020,

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bbc.com/news/amp/uk-53588709. 3 Cheng-wei Lu, Xiu-fen Liu, and Zhi-fang Jia, “2019-NCoV Transmission through

the Acular Surface Must Not Be Ignored,” Elsevier 395 (February 22, 2020). 4 Shadia Abdelhameed Elsayed et al., “Getting to Know SARS-CoV-2: Towards a

Better Understanding of The Factors Influencing Transmission,” Pesquisa Brasileira em

Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada 20 (August 7, 2020).

39

It can be stated that SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted as aerosol

infection as well as through contacting infected surfaces. (line 19)

In the sentences above, the term COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were

referred to the same subject which are the names of coronavirus.

The next neologism in this category is the word zoombombing that

was found in BBC News site within the article titled Coronavirus: Racist

‘zoombombing’ at virtual synagogue as in the line below.5

“Zoombombing” – where uninvited guests enter meetings – is on the

rise as more people use the app to stay in touch during the

coronavirus restriction. (line 6-9)

As it has explained in the line above, zoombombing is an action by

unresponsible people who enters a meeting on Zoom application.

Another neologism was found in The Jakarta Post on their article

titled Indonesia shifts from ‘new normal’ to ‘adapting to new habits’ which

is new normal as shown in the line below.6

The Health Ministry‟s disease control and prevention director general,

Achmad Yurianto, announced on Friday that the term “new normal”

to describe Indonesia‟s post-pandemic had changed its phrasing to

adaptasi kebiasaan baru (adapting to new habits) to prevent false

interpretations or misunderstandings. (line 1-9)

5 Jane Wakefield, “Coronavirus: Racist „Zombombing‟ at Virtual Synagogue,”

BBC News, March 31, 2020, sec. Tech, accessed September 23, 2020,

https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52105209. 6 Rizki Fachriansyah, “COVID-19: Brace for „New Normal‟, Govt Says,” The

Jakarta Post, May 4, 2020, News edition, sec. National, accessed October 11, 2020,

https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/04/covid-19-brace-for-new-normal-govt-

says.html.

40

The phrase new normal is the term refers to a situation where all

activity in the society has changed and need to obey the rules under

protocol of public health.

In the news portal called The Guardian specifically in an article titled

From covidiot to doomcrolling: How coronavirus is changing our language

there are few words obtained which are covidiot, covideoparty, and

quarantini as shown in the following line.7

The crisis has also birthed new words. “Covidiot” (noun): someone

who stockpiles toilet paper and flouts physical distancing rules to

sunbathe in the park. ...”Covideoparty” (noun): a virtual watching

party. ... “Quarantini” (noun): an alcoholic beverage you sip at home.

(line 38-50)

The word covidiot in the sentence above refers to someone who is

not following the rules which in this case is health advices regarding

public health and safety regarding COVID-19 situation. The term

Covideo party is a phrase to show an activity which is online video

call of a group of people to have fun by watching films and other

things during quarantine. Meanwhile, the word Quarantini is a term

use while having martini during quarantine.

7 Arwa Mahdawi, “From Covidiot to Doomscrolling: How Coronavirus Is

Changing Our Language,” The Guardian, April 15, 2020, sec. Opinion, accessed October 13,

2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/15/from-covidiot-to-

doomscrolling-how-coronavirus-is-changing-our-language.

41

The next neologism is the word Quaranteam that was found in an

article titled Pandemic Travel, With Another Family or Maybe Three from

The New York Times site that represents in the following line.8

....the “quaranteam” lines have been drawn – at home and on the

road. (line 6)

The word quaranteam above refers to a group of people who create

social bubbles or circle to quarantine toether throughout the pandemic.

Another news portal which called Narcity was one of the sources of

the datum specifically in the article titled Anti-Lockdown Protestors Had

Some Intense Signs in Toronto on Saturday gained the words covexit and

anti-lockdown as in the following lines.9

....Holding signs that read “COVEXIT” and “I NEED A HAIRCUT”,

anti-lockdown protestors in Toronto were in full-force. (line 7-8)

The word anti-lockdown above refers to individuals who do not keen

on having themselves staying at home because of the pandemic.

Meanwhile, Covexit as in the sentence above refers to an action of

breaking free from the lockdown measures in order to deal with

Covid-19.

8 Sarah Firshein, “Pandemic Travel, With Another Family or Maybe Three,” The

New York Times, October 8, 2020, accessed October 13, 2020,

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/08/travel/virus-family-travel.html?0p19G=0232. 9 Helena Hanson, “Anti-Lockdown Protestors Had Some Intense Signs In Toronto

On Saturday,” Narcity (Toronto, April 27, 2020), News edition, sec. Toronto, accessed

October 13, 2020, https://www.narcity.com/amp/anti-lockdown-protestors-in-toronto-had-

some-pretty-intense-signs-last-weekend-photos.

42

In another site of news portal which is Daily Mail in an article titled How

Slang terms like ‘rona’ ‘quazzie’ and ‘sanny’ are helping Australians get

through the coronavirus crisis obtained three neologisms which are Rona,

Quazzie, and Sanny as in the following lines.10

And with people struggling to adjust to social distancing in the midst

of the coronavirus pandemic, new words such as ‘rona’ for corona,

„quazzie‟ for quarantine and „sanny’ for hand sanitiser are being

increasingly used. (line 8-12)

The words rona and quazzie were proper names that is a pun

referred to corona and quarantine just like what the sentence above

explained.

The next neologism is WFH that was found in an article of The

Jakarta Post titled COVID-19 task force calls for workplace to implement

WFH as office clusters spike as shown in the following line.11

The COVID-19 task force has called on workplaces to implement

work-from-home (WFH) policies, following reports of increasing

numbers of coronavirus clusters in offices. (line 1-5)

10

Brett Lackey, “How Slang Terms like „Rona‟, „Quazzie‟ and „Sanny‟ Are

Helping Australians Get through the Coronavirus Crisis,” Daily Mail (Australia, May 6,

2020), sec. News, accessed October 13, 2020,

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8290987/amp/Slang-

terms-rona-quazzie-sanny-helping-Australians-coronavirus-crisis.html. 11

The Jakarta Post, “COVID-19 Task Force Calls for Workplace to Implement

WFH as Office Clusters Spike,” The Jakarta Post, July 29, 2020, News edition, sec.

National, accessed October 15, 2020,

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thejakartapost.com/amp/news/2020/07/29/covid-19-

task-force-calls-for-workplaces-to-implement-wfh-as-office-clusters-spike.html.

43

WFH shown in the sentence above refers to the term work-from-

home just like it is explained, it means that the employees does not

have to go to office and working on their own home.

Another neologism which is walktailing that was found in The New

York Times site in an article titled Slosh! Slurp! Welcome to ‘Walktail’ Party

as shown in the following line.12

With both bars and gyms closed, such drinking and walking – or

“walktailing” – has been occuring at a seemingly unprecedented rate.

(line 21-24)

The word walktailing above refers to an action where people

strolling around walking with walktail in their hands as an alternative

way since bars closed during the peak of pandemic.

Neologism was also found in Daily dot news protal in an article titled

People are speculating about a ‘coronavirus baby boom’ as a result of mass

quarantine which is the word coronials as in the following line.13

People on Twitter are, mostly, joking about the coronavirus

quarantines causing a baby boom. It is causing the hashtag

#Coronials to trend on Twitter. (line 4-6)

The word coronials as in the sentence above is a term refers to the

generations that was born during coronavirus pandemic.

12

Mike Seely, “Slosh! Slurp! Welcome to „Walktail‟ Party,” The New York Times

(United State of America, May 21, 2020), accessed October 15, 2020,

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/20/style/cocktails-to-go.html?0p19G=0232. 13

Brooke Sjoberg, “People Are Speculating about a „Coronavirus Baby Boom‟ as a

Result of Mass Quarantine,” Daily Dot, March 4, 2020, accessed October 17, 2020,

https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/coronavirus-baby-boom-coronials/.

44

The next neologisms in the data was found in the Global News in an article

titled Lost all sense of time? Here’s why it’s happening during lockdown just

which is the word blursday just like in the sentence below.14

For many people whose schedules were upended by coronavirus

social distancing measures, time seems to move differently, experts

say. Welcome to Blursday. (line 2-5)

The word blursday is a term that refers to the forgotten days that

happened because of the long time people spend during lockdown.

The next neologism is self-quarantine and PUI that was found in an article

of News Straits Times titled Understanding, responding to Covid-19

challenges as shown in the following line.15

... We can act as the first line of defense by filtering out those who

must self-quarantine, those who are Person Under Investigation

(PUI) and those that need immediate attention. (line 62-67)

The term self-quarantine refers to someone who must stay or be kept

away from others in order to prevent the spread of the disease in

certain period of time. Meanwhile, PUI is stand for Person Under

14

Leslie Young, “Lost All Sense of Time? Here‟s Why It‟s Happening during

Lockdown,” Global News, May 3, 2020, sec. Health, accessed October 17, 2020,

https://www.google.com/amp/s/globalnews.ca/news/6893899/time-perception-

coronavirus/amp/. 15

Faiz Anuar, “Understanding, Responding to Covid-19 Challenges,” New

StraitsTimes (February 25, 2021), accessed February 25, 2021,

https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/letters/2021/02/669007/understanding-responding-covid-

19-challenges.

45

Investigation which in this case is people that are under investigation

related to coronavirus disease.

Another news portal which called ThePrint which also one of the

sources of the datum obtained the words RAT and RT-PCR in the article

titled How many RAT & RT-PCR test has India conducted? Don’t have data,

ask states, says IMCR as in the following line.16

The Indian Council of Mesical Research (IMCR) does not mantain a

database of the specific number of rapid antigen tests (RAT) and RT-

PCR tests being administered for covid-19 at the national level or

across states, the apex medical research body has revealed. (line 1-6)

The term RAT that stand for Rapid Antigen Tests and RT-PCR that

stand for Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction” refer to a

medical test to check whether a person is reactive to the coronavirus or not.

2) Common Noun

Common noun as explained before refers to entities that do not have

unique references. In this study, common noun gained 7,14% or only 2 word

found from the total of 28 words, and it is a mass noun since it is not

countable. The data will be explain further in the discussion below.

16

Angana Chakrabarti, “How Many RAT & RT-PCR Test Has India Conducted?

Don‟t Have Data, Ask States, Says IMCR,” November 9, 2020, accessed February 25, 2021,

https://www.google.com/amp/s/theprint.in/health/how-many-rat-rt-pcr-tests-has-india-

conducted-dont-have-data-ask-states-says-icmr/538513/%3famp.

46

The neologism found in an article of Daily Mail titled How Slang terms like

‘rona’ ‘quazzie’ and ‘sanny’ are helping Australians get through the

coronavirus crisis obtained three neologisms which are Rona, Quazzie, and

Sanny as shown in the following line.17

And with people struggling to adjust to social distancing in the midst

of the coronavirus pandemic, new words such as ‘rona’ for corona,

„quazzie‟ for quarantine and „sanny’ for hand sanitiser are being

increasingly used. (line 8-12)

Sanny in the sentence above is a pun refers to hand sanitiser, so that

the neologism found here is a mass noun since it can be counted.

Another one was found in an article titled Understanding, responding

to Covid-19 challenges which obtained a term called PPE as shown in the

following line:18

Our care Professionals are already observing strict SOPs, wear full

PPE protective gear and are segregated to prevent cross-infection.

(line 68-70)

PPE is a term which stands for “Personal Protective Equipment”.

b. Verb

Verb compared to the previous category which is noun has only half

of the numbers since this category was gained only 2 words or 7,14% from

the total number of findings. In this category, the findings are all main verb

17

Lackey, “How Slang Terms like „Rona‟, „Quazzie‟ and „Sanny‟ Are Helping

Australians Get through the Coronavirus Crisis.” 18

Faiz Anuar, “Understanding, Responding to Covid-19 Challenges.”

47

that means no auxiliary verb. Those findings are presented in the discussion

below.

The first neologism in this category is the word doomscrolling that

was found in The Guardian site in an article titled From covidiot to

doomcrolling: How coronavirus is changing our language as shown in the

following line.19

The crisis has also birthed new words .... “Doomscrolling” (verb):

obsessively consuming depressing pandemic news searching for

whatever the opposite of a dopamine hit is. (line 38-47)

Doomscrolling as explained in the sentence above is an action when

people searching and looking out for news regarding the pandemic

that could give more stress to themselves.

The other neologism found in this category is self-isolate which was

found in an article from BBC News titled Coronavirus: Virus isolation

period extended from seven to 10 days as in the line below.20

People who test positive for coronavirus or show symptoms in the

UK must now self-isolate for at least 10 days, rather than seven. (line

1-3)

The word self-isolate is a term refers to an action of isolating

ouselves at home on our own willingly.

19

Mahdawi, “From Covidiot to Doomscrolling: How Coronavirus Is Changing Our

Language.” 20

BBC News, “Coronavirus: Virus Isolation Period Extended from Seven to 10

Days.”

48

c. Adjective

In comparison to the previous categories, noun and verb, the

adjective is much less in number since it only gained 1 word or 3,58% from

the total number of findings. The finding in this category is an attribute

adjective. The explanation regarding the finding in this category is presented

as follows.

The neologism was found in The Jakarta Post on their article titled Indonesia

shifts from ‘new normal’ to ‘adapting to new habits’ which is post-

pandemic as shown in the line below.21

The Health Ministry‟s disease control and prevention director general,

Achmad Yurianto, announced on Friday that the term “new normal”

to describe Indonesia‟s post-pandemic had changed its phrasing to

adaptasi kebiasaan baru (adapting to new habits) to prevent false

interpretations or misunderstandings. (line 1-9)

On the other hand, The phrase post-pandemic in the sentence above

refers to the term which describe the phase following the coronavirus

pandemic.

3. Word Formation Process

The word formation processes of neologisms during coronavirus

pandemic is the third objective to discuss in this study. This study, in order

21

Rizki Fachriansyah, “COVID-19: Brace for „New Normal‟, Govt Says,” The

Jakarta Post, May 4, 2020, News edition, sec. National, accessed October 11, 2020,

https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/04/covid-19-brace-for-new-normal-govt-

says.html.

49

to explore about this objective, is using the theory of Francis in Clark which

the word formation process includes borrowing, derivation, compounding,

functional shift, back formation, clipping, prope name, imitation, blending,

and coinage. In this study, the only obtained processes are borrowing,

compounding, clipping, blending, and coinage that is discussed in the

following explanation.

a. Borrowing

In this process category, the neologism is in the last rank with only

two words obtained or 7,14% in the total number of findings. The said

neologism is corona which originally comes from a Latin ancient word that

has a meaning of crown in English. The other neologism is the term new

normal. New normal is a phrase that categorized as borrowing since the

words that formed is an english borrowed words which the term had been

changed in writing, since the word “new” and “normal” is an adjective, but

in this case the term “new normal” is categorized as noun since it is refers to

a current situation or social custom that is different from what has been

experienced or done before but is expected to become usual or typical.

b. Derrivation

Derrivation in this study obtained 4 words or 14,29% in the total

number of findings. The neologisms that classified as derrivation are anti-

50

lockdown, Self-isolate, post-pandemic, and self-quarantine. The process

of these words are going to be explained in the following discussion.

1) Anti-lockdown

The word “anti-lockdown” is a combination of the words “anti”

(prefix) and “lockdown” (noun) which was originally formed by

compounding the word “lock” and “down”. The word anti is a prefix

to the word lockdown that has a meaning of an emergency situation

in which people are not allowed to freely enter, leaves, or move

around in a building or area because of danger.22 The term “anti-

lockdown” refers to people who are against staying at home during

the pandemic.

2) Self-isolate

Self-isolate derives from the words self and isolate. It is formed by

adding a prefix which is “self-“ to the free morpheme “isolate”. The

word “self” (prefix) has a meaning of of or by yourself or itself.

Meanwhile the word “isolate” (verb) has a meaning of to separate

something from other things with which it is connected or mixed. In

this case, the term “self-isolate” means to not leave your home and

22

“Lockdown,” Cambridge Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/lockdown?q=Lockdown+.

51

stay away from other people who you have, or may have, an

infectious so you do not infect anyone else.23

3) Post-pandemic

The term Post-pandemic (noun) categorized as a derivation word,

since in this case, the word “post” (prefix) is hyphenated to the word

“pandemic” (noun). The term “post-pandemic” here refers to a

situation or the phase following the circumtances of coronavirus

pandemic.24

4) Self-quarantine

The term Self-quarantine is similar to self-isolate process, the term

derives from the words self and quarantine that formed by adding a

prefix which is “self-“ to the free morpheme “quarantine”. The word

quarantine (noun) refers to a specific period of time in which a

person or animal that has a disease, or may have one, must stay or be

kept away from others in order to prevent the spread of the disease.25

c. Compounding

The total number of findings in this study for this category is similar

to the previous category which obtained 4 words or 14,29%. The neologisms

23

“Self-Isolate,” Cambridge Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

dictionary.cambridge.org

/dictionary/english/self-isolate?q=self-isolate. 24

“Post-Pandemic,” Collins Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/submission/23375/post-pandemic. 25

“Quarantine,” Cambridge Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/quarantine?q=Quarantine+.

52

that found in this category are coronavirus, zoombombing, doomscrolling,

and blursday. The word formation process in this category is further

discussed below.

1) Coronavirus

Coronavirus is formed from the word “corona” (noun) and virus

(noun). This word is included in the compounding category. The

word corona derives from Latin word which means “crown” in

English. Meanwhile, virus is an extremely small pieces of organic

material that causes disease in organism. The term “coronavirus”

refers to a type of virus that usually causes respiratory infections that

are not serious but can kill people.26

2) Zoombombing

The word “Zoombombing” is originally comes from the words Zoom

and bombing. The word “Zoom” in this case refers to a brand name

for computer software that allows a group of two or more people to

see and talk to each other over the internet using their computer,

tablet or smartphones.27 Meanwhile, the word “bombing” consists of

a noun “bomb” and a suffix –ing. This term refers to an action by

26

“Coronavirus,” Cambridge Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/coronavirus?q=coronavirus. 27

“Zoom,” Cambridge Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/.

53

unresponsible people who enters a meeting on Zoom application

uninvited. It is kind of the same to the slang “photobomb”.

3) Doomscrolling

The word “Doomscrolling” is the term that originally comes from the

words doom and scrolling. The word “doom” (verb) has a meaning

of to make someone or something certain to do or experience

something unpleasant, or to make something bad happen. 28

Meanwhile, the word “scrolling” that was derived from the word

“scroll” (verb) with a suffix –ing is to move text or other other

information on a computer screen in order to see a different part of it.

In this case, the term “doomscrolling” refers to obsessively

consuming depressing pandemic news searching for whatever the

opposite of a dopamine hit is.

4) Blursday

Blursday is a compound word that was created by combining the

words blurs and day. The word “blur” (noun) has a meaning of

something that you cannot see clearly.29 Meanwhile, the word “day”

(noun) is a period of 24 hours, especially from twelve o‟clock to

28

“Doom,” Cambridge Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/doom?q=doom. 29

“Blur,” Cambridge Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/blur?q=blur.

54

twelve o‟clock the next night. 30 In this case, the term “blursday”

refers as humorous word for any day of the week that feels not much

different from the previous day.

d. Clipping

Clipping category in this study obtained 5 words or 17,86% in the

total number of findings. The numbers are slightly higher than the previous

categories, derrivation and compounding. The neologisms obtained in this

category are WFH, PUI, PPE, RAT, and RT-PCR. The word formation

process in this category is discussed in the explanation below.

1) WFH

The term WFH is an abbreviation kind of clipping category which

stands for “Work From Home”. The term consists of three

morphemes that were shortened by taking the initials of each word in

the term “Work From Home‟. The first letter W belongs to the word

“Work” (Verb), the secong letter F belongs to the word “From”

(preposition), and the letter H belongs to the word “Home” (noun).

The term WFH refers as to do your job in your home rather than

traveling to an office, in order to do it.

30

“Day,” Cambridge Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/day?q=day.

55

2) PUI

The term PUI is an abbreviation that stands for “Person Under

Investigation”. The term consists of three morphemes shortened by

taking the first letter or the initial of each words to represent it. In this

case, the first letter P belongs to the word “Person” (noun), the

second letter U belongs to the word “Under” (preposition), and the

last letter I belongs to the word “Investigation” (noun).

3) PPE

Similar to WFH and PUI, the term PPE is an abbreviation which

stands for “Personal Protective Equipment”. The term PPE consists

of three morphemes shortened and were created by taking the first

letter of each words in representing the term. In this case, the

initialism of “Personal Protective Equipment” is PPE where the first

letter P belongs to the word “Personal” (noun), the second letter P

belongs to “Protective” (adjective), and the third letter E belongs to

“Equipment” (noun).

4) RAT

RAT is a term that stands for “Rapid Antigen Test”, the term was

created when the longterm that consists of three morphemes

shortened to represent the term by taking the initial or the first letter

of each words. In this situation, RAT is the initialism of the “Rapid

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Antigen Test”. The first letter R belongs to “Rapid” (adjective), the

second letter A belongs to “Antigen” (noun), and the letter T belongs

to “Test” (noun).

6) RT-PCR

The term RT-PCR stands for “Reverse Transcription Polymerae

Chain Reaction”. The term consists of five morphemes shortened that

were formed by taking the first letter or initial on each words to

representing it. The term RT-PCR is an abbreviation which the letter

R belongs to the word “Reverse” (verb), the letter T belongs to

“Transcription” (noun), the letter P belongs to “Polymerase” (noun),

the letter C belongs to “Chain”, and the letter R belongs to “Reaction”

(noun).

e. Blending

In this study, this category of word fomation process has the highest

number in the data which are obtained 7 words or 25% of the total number

of findings. The neologisms obtained as blending category are Covidiot,

Covexit, Covideo Party, Quarantini, Quaranteam, Coronials, and

Walktailing. The explanation is further discussed as follows.

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1) Covidiot

The word Covidiot is using blending as to presents the shortened

words of covid and idiot. This combination of the words was done by

taking the word elements anywhere such as in the word “idiot” (noun)

as the second word that shorted into “iot”. The term Covidiot refers to

someone who behaves in a stupid way that risks spreading the

infectious disease COVID-19.

2) Covexit

Similar to the previous data which is covidiot, the term Covexit is a

blended words of covid (noun) and exit (noun). The term was

created by taking the elements of the word as in “covid” that shorted

into “Cov” while the word “exit” remained as it is. The term refers as

a gradual disegagement from the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.

3) Covideo Party

The term Covideoparty consists of three morphemes that were

blended into one word, they are covid, video, and party. The term

was created by taking the elements of the word as in the first word

“covid” (noun) that shoerted into “Co, the second word “video”

(noun) and the third word “party” (noun) remain as it is. The term

58

refers to an activity which is online video call of a group of people to

have fun by watching films and other things during quarantine.

4) Quarantini

The word Quarantini is a blended word which originally from the

words quarantine (noun) and martini (noun). The term Quarantini

was created by taking elements word as in the word “quarantine” that

shorted into “quaran” and the word “martini” that shorted into “tini”

to represent it. The term refers as to an alcoholic drink people have

during quarantine.

5) Quaranteam

The term Quaranteaam is categorized as blending since it is originally

a blended words of quarantine (noun) and team (noun) which was

done by taking the word elements such as in the first word which is

“quarantine” that shorted into “quaran”, while the word “team”

remained. The term refers to a group of people who create social

bubbles or circles to quarantine together throughout the pandemic.31

6) Coronials

The term Coronials is also categorized as blending process since it is

originally formed by the words corona (noun) and milennials

31

“Quaranteam,” Collins Dictionary, n.d., accessed April 24, 2021,

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/submission/22613/quaranteam.

59

(noun).the word Coronials was created by taking elements of the

word anywhere such as in the first word “corona” that shorted into

“coro” and the second words “milennials” that shorted into “nials”.

The term refers to the generation that was born during coronavirus

pandemic.

7) Walktailing

Walktailing is the term that formed by blending the word walk (verb)

and cocktail (noun). To create the term, the word “walk” remained

while the word “cocktail” was shorted by taking the word elements

that left it to the word “tail” with an addition of suffix –ing. In this

case, the term refers to an activity of going for a walk especially for

pleasure with cocktail in hand.

f. Coinage

The other word formation process in this study is coinage. This

process gained 3 words or 10,71% of the total number of findings. The

neologisms that are obtained in this process are rona, quazzie, and sanny.

These 3 words are all a pun which is considered as a coinage category, the

word rona is a pun for the word „corona‟, quazzie is a pun that refers to the

word „quarantine‟, and the last word sanny is a pun for „hand sanitizer‟.

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g. Multiple Process

The last category of word formation processes in this study is

multiple process which are obtained 3 words or 10,71% of the total number

of findings that is the same amount as the previous category. The neologisms

obtained as blending category are 2019-nCoV, COVID-19, and SARS-

CoV-2. The explanation is further discussed as follows.

1) 2019-nCoV

The word 2019-nCoV (noun) is a compound word that originally

stands for “2019 novel Coronavirus”. The word “nCoV” was created

by clipping the word “novel” (n), “corona” (Co), and “virus” (V) to

representing it. 2019-nCoV come from the morphemes “2019” and

“nCoV”, the compounding is hyphenated form by using the hyphen

(-) punctuation to create the term.

2) COVID-19

The term COVID-19 stands for “Coronavirus Disease 2019”. The

term was created by combining the words coronavirus and disease

to create the word “COVID” (noun), and then hyphenated by the year

2019. This term then shortened by taking the last digit of the year to

represent it. The term COVID-19 refers to the words corona (CO),

virus (VI), disease (D), and 2019 (19).

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3) SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 refers to another term of coronavirus that stands for

“Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom Coronavirus 2”. The term

derived from combining the abbreviation of the word SARS, CoV,

and 2. The word “SARS” (noun) consists of four morphemes

shortened by taking only the first letter of each word to representing

it. Meanwhile, the word “CoV” (noun) was a blening of the words

corona and virus.the number “2” in this case, referred to express the

name of the new virus that genetically related to the coronavirus

responsible for the outbreak of SARS in 2003. This term is also

hyphenated by the hyphen (-) punctuation to represents it.