Chapter Fourteen The Presidency Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | POTUS Time to Play FACT OR CRAP? The President makes $200,000 per year. CRAP The President makes $390,000 per year. FACT OR CRAP? The President lives in the White House for free. FACT The Presidents official home and office is the White House. FACT OR CRAP? The President does not have to pay taxes on his salary. CRAP All people including the President must pay income tax. FACT OR CRAP? The President has over 100 servants in the White House. FACT 100 Servants take care of the President and his family. Cooks! Maids! Laundry! FACT OR CRAP? Camp David is the official religious location for Presidents. CRAP Camp David is the Presidential Resort outside of DC in Maryland. Camp David FACT OR CRAP? The President and all of his family will have secret service for life. CRAP Just the President and His Wife have Secret Service for Life. FACT OR CRAP? The President has a full fleet of limos that he flies to various locations to use. FACT The Presidents latest car is so heavy it cannot go on certain bridges. To prevent explosive devices on roads from hurting the POTUS. The Presidents latest car is so heavy it cannot go on certain bridges. To prevent explosive devices on roads from hurting the POTUS. FACT OR CRAP? The President and his family have access to Air Transportation any time. FACT AIR FORCE 1!!! FACT OR CRAP? The President has an official boat or yacht. CRAP The President at one time had a yacht - Jimmy Carter sold it. FACT OR CRAP? The Presidents term is 6 years. CRAP The Presidents term is 4 years. FACT OR CRAP? The most a person could serve as President is 10 years. FACT Read Am. 22. A person can serve 10 years MAX as President. FACT OR CRAP? The most terms a person can be president is 2 terms. FACT The 22nd Am. says no person can be elected more than twice. FACT OR CRAP? The most terms a person can be president is 2 terms. FACT OR CRAP? The most terms a person can be president is 2 terms. FACT OR CRAP? The most terms a person can be president is 2 terms. FACT OR CRAP? The most terms a person can be president is 2 terms. FACT OR CRAP? The most terms a person can be president is 2 terms. FACT OR CRAP? Lets Review ALL THE FACTS. Be sure this is in your notes! Lets Review ALL THE FACTS. Be sure this is in your notes! COMPENSATION Salary - $390,000 White House Staff Camp David Transportation Retirement & Secret Service Salary - $390,000 White House Staff Camp David Transportation Retirement & Secret Service TERM Term = 4 years # of terms served? - 2 terms 22nd Amendment 10 years???? - MAX!! Term = 4 years # of terms served? - 2 terms 22nd Amendment 10 years???? - MAX!! Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Presidential and Parliamentary Systems Presidents may be outsiders; prime ministers are always insiders, chosen by the members of the majority party in parliament Presidents have no guaranteed majority in the legislature; prime ministers always have a majority Divided government: one party controls the White House and another controls one or both houses of Congress Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Electoral College Almost all states use a winner- take-all system If no candidate won a majority, the House would decide the election The Electoral College ultimately worked differently than expected, because the Founders did not anticipate the role of political parties Selecting a President See KeyNote: Selecting A President Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | The First Presidents The office was legitimated by men active in independence and Founding politics Minimal activism of early government contributed to lessening the fear of the presidency Relations with Congress were reserved: few vetoes; no advice from Congress to the president Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Powers of the President Potential for power found in ambiguous clauses of the Constitutione.g., power as commander in chief, duty to take care that laws be faithfully executed (executive power) Greatest source of power lies in politics and public opinion Commander In Chief Chief Executive Chief of State Protector of the Peace President of the West Commander In Chief Chief Executive Chief of State Protector of the Peace President of the West Chief Diplomat Chief of Party Chief Legislator Voice of the People Manager of the Prosperity Chief Diplomat Chief of Party Chief Legislator Voice of the People Manager of the Prosperity War & Peace - Whose Power Is It? The War Powers Struggle Between the President and Congress Constitutionally Speaking: War Powers War Powers - President Commander in Chief of the Army & Navy Commander in Chief of the state militias (now the National Guard) Commission all officers Appoint ambassadors, ministers and consuls Make treaties subject to senate confirmation Receive ambassadors War Powers - Congress Declare war Raise & support army & navy Ratify treaties (Senate) Advise & consent of ambassadors (Senate) Make rules concerning captures on land & water Organize, arm, train & provide for the militia Suppress insurrections & repel invasions The War Powers Resolution 1. President must consult w/ Congress before introducing armed forces into hostilities 2. Consult with Congress regularly until troops removed 3. If war not declared, President must submit report to Congress within 48 hours of troop deployment 4. President must remove troops after 60 days (+30 days for withdrawal) if Congress has not declared war 1. President must consult w/ Congress before introducing armed forces into hostilities 2. Consult with Congress regularly until troops removed 3. If war not declared, President must submit report to Congress within 48 hours of troop deployment 4. President must remove troops after 60 days (+30 days for withdrawal) if Congress has not declared war 60 In The News.... Obama & War Powers Act - Explained Obama & War Powers Act - Explained Obama & War Powers Act Obama & War Powers Act Obama & War Powers Act - Explained Obama & War Powers Act - Explained Obama & War Powers Act Obama & War Powers Act 60 War Powers: The Supreme Court Weighs In The Prize Cases (1862) The Prize Cases (1862) Korematsu v. United States (1944) Korematsu v. United States (1944) Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1951) Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1951) Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2005) Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2005) The Prize Cases (1862) Key Issue : Did President Lincoln act within his presidential powers when he blockaded southern ports without a declaration of war? Courts Decision: The President had the power to act because a state of war existed. Discussion Question: Does this case expand or limit the war powers of the President and/or Congress? Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) Key Issue : Did the Present, with the support of Congress, have the power to restrict the rights of Japanese Americans by relocating them to internment camps? Courts Decision: The governments limitation of rights was justified during a time of emergency and peril. Discussion Question: Does this case expand or limit the war powers of the President and/or Congress? Youngstown Sheet Co. v. Sawyer (1951) Key Issue : Did President Truman have the power to seize & operate steel mills to avert a strike during the Korean War? Courts Decision: The President did not have the authority to seize private property without a congressional statute. Discussion Question: Does this case expand or limit the war powers of the President and/or Congress? Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2005) Key Issues : 1) Were the military commissions set up by the Bush administration to try detainees at Guantanamo Bay constitutional? 2) Can Congress pass legislation preventing the Supreme Court from hearing the case? Courts Decision: Neither an act of Congress nor the inherent powers of the President authorize military commissions that do not comply with US and international laws. Discussion Question: Does this case expand or limit the war powers of the President and/or Congress? Artist: Bob MatsonDate: 3/30/07 Source: Artist: Mike LaneDate: 5/1/07 Source: Artist: Patrick Chappatte Date: 9/12/07 Source:Report/4.aspReport/4.asp Artist: Michael Ramiez Date: 9/12/07 Source: Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | The Power to Persuade Presidents try to transform popularity into congressional support for their programs Presidential coattails have had a declining effect for years Popularity is affected by factors beyond anyones control consider Bushs approval ratings following the September 11 th attacks Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Figure 14.2: Presidential Popularity Thomas E.Cronin, The State of the Presidency (Boston: Little, Brown, 1975), Copyright 1975 by Little, Brown and Company, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Updated with Gallup poll data, Reprinted by permission of the Gallup Poll News Service. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Figure 14.2: Presidential Popularity Thomas E.Cronin, The State of the Presidency (Boston: Little, Brown, 1975), Copyright 1975 by Little, Brown and Company, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Updated with Gallup poll data, Reprinted by permission of the Gallup Poll News Service. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Figure 14.3: Presidential Victories on Votes in Congress, Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | White House Office (wheels and spokes vs. heirarchial) Rule of propinquity: power is wielded by people who are in the room when a decision is made Pyramid structure: most assistants report through hierarchy to chief of staff, who then reports to president Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, Bush, Clinton (late in his administration) Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | White House Office Circular structure: cabinet secretaries and assistants report directly to the president Carter (early in his administration) Ad hoc structure: task forces, committees, and informal groups deal directly with president Clinton (early in his administration) Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Figure 14.1: Growth of the White House Staff, Harold W. Stanley and Richard G. Niemi, Vital Statistics on American Politics, (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2003), Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | The Cabinet Adult Show & Tell Not explicitly mentioned in Constitution Presidents have many more appointments to make than do prime ministers, due to competition created by the separation of power Presidential control over departments remains uncertainsecretaries become advocates for their departments Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Cabinet Issues Cabinet vs. Staff Getting Along Reno and Clinton Powell & Rumsfeld Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Table 14.1: The Cabinet Departments Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Dangers of Group Think Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Presidential Character Kennedy: bold, articulate, amusing leader; improviser who bypassed traditional lines of authority Nixon: expertise in foreign policy; disliked personal confrontation; tried to centralize power in the White House Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Presidential Character Reagan: set policy priorities and then gave staff wide latitude; leader of public opinion Clinton: good communicator; pursued liberal/centrist policies George W. Bush: tightly run White House; agenda became dominated by foreign affairs following the September 11th attacks Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | What can a POTUS do with a Bill? 1. Sign it and make it a law 2. Veto It (veto is a yo form of the Latin verb I forbid) 3. President holds the bill for 10 business days and Congress is in session, the bill becomes law without signature 4. President holds the bill for 10 business days and Congress is NOT in session, the bill is pocket vetoed 5. Line Item Veto NO LONGER AVAILABLE (Clinton only POTUS to use) 6. Signing Statements As of October 2006, Bush signed 134 signing statements challenging 810 federal laws Are they Line-Item Veto Lite? Are they contrary to Marbury v. Madison? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | The Veto Power Veto message sent within ten days of the bills passage Pocket veto (only before Congress adjourns at the end of its second session) Congress rarely overrides vetoes President does not hold line-item veto power Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | The Presidents Program Resources in developing a program include interest groups, aides and campaign advisers, federal departments and agencies, and various specialists Constraints include public and congressional reactions, limited time and attention, and unexpected crises Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Presidential Transition Only fifteen of forty-one presidents have served two full terms (George W. Bush will is the 15 th ) Eight vice presidents have taken office upon the presidents death Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | The Vice President Prior to 2000, only five vice presidents won the presidency in an election without having first entered the office as a result of their presidents death The vice president presides over Senate and votes in case of tie Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | The 25th Amendment (1967) Allows vice president to serve as acting president if president is disabled Illness is decided by president, by vice president and cabinet, or by two-thirds vote of Congress The new vice president must be confirmed by a majority vote of both houses Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Impeachment Indictment by the House, conviction by the Senate Presidential examples: Andrew Johnson, Richard Nixon (pre-empted by resignation), Bill Clinton Neither Johnson nor Clinton was convicted by the Senate Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.14 | Constraints on the President Both the president and the Congress are more constrained today due to: Complexity of issues Scrutiny of the media Greater number and power of interest groups