Chapter FourParents, Families, and Parents, Families, and

ExceptionalityExceptionality

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A Family Systems ApproachTurnbull, Turnbull, Erwin, Soodak, &

Shogren (2011) described the family systems approach as having an underlying belief that a family is an interrelated social system with unique characteristics and needs. Their model contains four key elements:Family characteristicsFamily interactionFamily functionsFamily life cycle

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Stages of Parental Reaction to Disability

Shock Denial Grief and Depression Ambivalence Guilt Anger Shame Bargaining Adaptation AcceptanceWatch this video to learn about a family’s

experiences with their son with special needs: Including Samuel

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Disability and the Family

Disability impacts relationships within the family including:

Marital Parent/child Siblings Grandparents

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Working With Families Who Are Culturally and Linguistically DiverseCultural sensitivity implies an awareness

of, respect for, and appreciation of the many factors that influence and shape the values, priorities, and perspectives of both individuals and families.

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Recommendations for Providing Families with Culturally Sensitive Services Use the family's desired language and preferred

mode of communication Recognize the importance of extended family

members Use culturally competent interpreters Learn about culturally relevant variables Participate in the local community Learn a working knowledge of the language Address family members using formal titles Consider possible barriers to meetings such as

child care or transportation issues Welcome community members as cultural

liaisons

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Cultural Reactions to DisabilityGenerally speaking, in the United States, it is

believed that the cause of a disability can be identified and treated scientifically

Different cultures may view disability in different ways: fatespiritual or religious reasonsviolation of social taboos intergenerational retributiona form of diversity

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Suggestions for Facilitating Family and Professional Partnerships Active listening Establish an atmosphere of genuine

caring Awareness of both verbal and nonverbal

messages and their significance Involve families in decision-making

processes and keep them informed Explain educational terminology Acknowledge feelings Be accountable

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