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Civilizational development

What is Resources

According to the functional school, it is anything that can provide utility and having theability to reproduce alternative service

Utility

Technology

Accessibility

Development/

Civilization

Resources

Kinds of Resources

Abstract Concrete Natural and Human

Resources

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How Civilization and Development affects Resources

Accessibility utility, technology and resources provide development and Civilization

Over use of resource could result to exhaustion

Resource might continue to exist but having less utility or less useful.

Some resources could remain but used in different way (industrial or domestic)

Resource is homogenous and geographically biased.

Resource is often versatile time and space biased (water)

Scarcity and value of Resources and Quest for alternative

Political and economic forces behind resources

Globalization and localization of resources

Types of resources

Renewable resource means resource that can be renewed and replaced after used, theycannot be exhausted and finished, but naturally it can be replaced. This kind of resourcesis known as biotic resources because they are made from non living object or materials

Non-renewable resource means resource that cannot be renewed and replaced, if theyhave been exhausted or used. This kind of resources is known as abiotic resources

because they are made from living object or materials.

One major distinction between non-renewable and renewable is that the process of

Characterization of

Resources

Limitedquantity Versatility

Havingpotential of producingnew things

Anythinghaving utility

Providingservices

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processing non-renewable resources is complicated and complex requiring more use of technology as compared to renewable resources. For non- renewable resources is needs:

(a) technology for its processing(b) it is highly demanded and requires experts and professional labour

(c) its cost of production and processing is highly expensive(d) the market price is relatively expensive and fluctuating up and down(e) it is versatile and can always provide substitute (as in car, gas, diesel or petrol can

be used)(f) it the process of its exploration and production, environmental related issue such

as pollution and degradation often arises(g) the social cost is comparatively high.

Versatility of the Fossil Fuel (Black Gold)

Relatively easily accessible, cost effective in production and use, easy to convert through

technology. Time and Resources

Water, coal, electricity and the petroleum Oil Gas Coal Nuclear energy substitute but problematic Biomass (burning plants and animals) Wind farm, hydropower geothermal energy

Development and environment (Manufactured risk and uncontrollable threat)

Environmentalist and pollution

Oil pollution, global warming, and damage to the ozone layer, environmental degradation(air, water and land) Animals and plants vulnerable to the consequential effects of

playing with the environment.

Environmentalism , in the broadest sense, refers to political and ethical movements thatseek to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment by modifying or

prohibiting human activities deemed likely or certain to harm it.

Combating the Problem of environment

Environmental regimes are becoming unavoidable and essential. Therefore the process of having a common (principles, norms, rules, and decision making procedures) becameexigent. On this background, by the 1970s, environmental regimes started surfacing, inthe form of conventions geared at protecting the environment and to encourage wise useof natural resources.