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CHAPTER-III
Implementation of SHGs (IKP) Programme in West-Godavari District. . .
West Godavari District is carved out of old Godavari District as it is the
Western delta of the River Godavari; it was appropriately named as “West
Godavari” with Headquarters at Eluru and came into existence in the year
1925. The Geographical, Topographical, Demographic and other socio
economic aspects of the West Godavari are detailed here under.
Boundaries and Topography of the District
The District is bounded by the following places and features on all four
sides.
East - River Godavari
West - Krishna District
North - Khammam District
South - Krishna District and Bay of Bengal
The District is situated in tropical region between 16o – 15'-17o - 30'-00''
Northern latitude and 80o - 55' – 00'' to 81o - 55' - 00'' Eastern Longitude. It can
be divided into three natural regions viz., Delta, Upland and Agency areas.
Demographic Particulars
The District occupies an area of 7,742 sq.kms with a density of 491 per
sq.km. It accounts 2.81 per cent of the total area of the state. There are as many
as 883 Revenue Villages in the district, of which 845 villages are inhabited
while the balances of 38 are uninhabited.
The physical characteristics, natural resources and potentialities of the
mandals in the District are not homogeneous. As per 2001 census, the total
population of the District is 38, 03,517. It accounts for 4.99 per cent of the total
population of the state. The female population of the District is 18, 93,479 and
this form 49.8 per cent of the District and 5.02 per cent of the State female
population.
According to 2001 census, rural population of the District is 30.53 lakhs
and it constitutes 80.3 per cent of the District population and 5.50 per cent to
that of state rural population. Similarly, the urban population of the District
spread over in 8 towns which is 7.51 lakhs forming 19.7 per cent of the district
population and 3.6 per cent of the state urban population.
As regards community wise population, the SC population of the
District is 6.43 lakhs which is 16.90 per cent of the District population and
27.49 per cent of the State total 123.39 lakhs SC population. Similarly, the ST
population of the District is 0.97 lakhs and it accounts for 2.55 per cent of the
district and 4.79 per cent of the state total ST population. The SC and ST
population are based upon 2001 census.
The decennial growth of population in the District from 1991 census to
2001 census was 8.12 per cent. The density of population according 2001
census is 491 per sq.km, whereas it was 277 per sq.km for the state. The sex
ratio of the District is 991 females per 1000 males as against 978 of the state.
The number of workers as arrives at in 2001 census is 25, 71,589 forming 67.6
per cent of total population of the District and 3.37 per cent of the state
population. The Demographic features are presented in table 3.1.
Table: 3.1 Demographic features of the West Godavari District
Item Unit of
Measurement West Godavari
District Andhra Pradesh
Male Population in Lakhs 19.10 385.27
Female Population in Lakhs 18.94 376.83
Total Population in Lakhs 38.04 732.10
Sex Ratio females per 1000 males
991 978
Rural Population in Lakhs 30.53 554.01
Urban Population in Lakhs 7.51 208.09
Density of Population
Persons per Sq.km
491 277
Scheduled Caste Population
in Lakhs 6.43 23.39
Male in Lakhs 3.25 62.28
Female in Lakhs 3.18 61.11
Sex ratio females per 1000 males
980 981
Scheduled Tribe Population
in Lakhs 0.97 50.24
Male in Lakhs 0.48 25.50
Female in Lakhs 0.49 24.74
Sex ratio females per 1000 males
1018 972
Source: Census of India, 2001
Literacy Levels
There are 19.23 Lakhs literates forming 73.95 per cent of the total
population of the District among them Male literates constitute 78.43 per cent
while female literates forming 69.45 per cent. The literacy rate of the District is
73.95 per cent which is higher than the state literacy rate of 60.47 per cent.
As regards with scheduled tribe literacy of the district is 50.86 per cent
among this male literacy constitutes 55.87 per cent and female literacy is 45.96
per cent which are higher than the state total literacy 37.04, male literacy 47.66
per cent and female literacy 26.11 per cent respectively. Literacy particulars
are presented in table 3.2.
Table-3.2 Literacy levels of the West Godavari District
Literacy West Godavari District Andhra Pradesh
Total Literates 28.31
(73.95) 399.34 (60.47)
Male 14.98
(78.43) 234.45 (70.32)
Female 13.15
(69.45) 164.89 (50.43)
Scheduled Tribe Literates
0.42 (50.86)
15.41 (37.04)
Male 0.23
(55.87) 10.06
(47.66)
Female 0.19
(45.96) 05.35
(26.11) Source: Census of India, 2001
Rainfall
The District receives its rainfall mostly and predominately from South
West as well as North East monsoon, whose normal rainfall is 784.0 mm and
246.0 mm respectively. The receipt of actual rainfall during 2008 – 2009 from
South West monsoon is 948.8 mm, while 151.5 mm from North East
monsoons. The agriculture activity in the District is deplorable due to
gambling monsoons, unreliable rainfall and much dependence on tanks, wells
and M.I. Sources for irrigation in upland and agency areas. The average rain
fall particulars are presented in table 3.3.
Table-3.3 West Godavari district average rainfall, season wise and month wise up to
2008-09 (In mm)
Year
South-West Monsoon period North- East Monsoon
period
Jun
e
July
Au
gu
st
Sep
tem
ber
To
tal
Oct
ob
er
No
vem
ber
No
vem
ber
To
tal
Normal 112.0 246.0 248.0 178.0 748.0 169.0 66.0 11.0 246.0
2005-06 121.9 259.0 141.0 390.1 912.0 249.4 38.2 1.1 288.7
2006-07 109.7 92.7 229.5 241.3 673.2 207.8 34.3 0.0 242.1
2007-08 203.2 163.7 243.6 216.3 826.8 184.2 16.9 0.7 201.8
2008-09 128.9 305.7 388.3 125.9 948.8 45.6 105.7 0.2 151.5
Source: Chief Planning Officer, West Godavari District, Eluru.
Soils
The soils in the District are made up of Alluvial Black Reger and Red
Ferruginous besides a small belt of arenaceous sandy soils along costal belt.
The major types of soils in the District have been divided into 8 types and the
percentage of each soil is furnished below. Types of soil particulars are
presented in table 3.4
Table-3.4 Types of Soils in West Godavari district
S.No Soil Type Percentages
1 Red Sandy Loams 35.05
2 Clay Loams 22.89
3 Alluvial 14.00
4 Sandy Alluvial 12.53
5 Deltaic Alluvial 9.98
6 Coastal Sandy loams 3.14
7 Heavy Clays 1.98
8 Saline Soils 0.43
Source: Chief Planning Officer, West Godavari District, Eluru.
Climate
In West Godavari District, the climate is moderate both in winter and
summer seasons in delta area. In the non-delta area of the district, the heat in
the summer is severe especially in the tracts of upland and agency areas. The
normal maximum and minimum temperatures recorded in the District are
48oC to 19oC respectively. The maximum temperature is usually recorded in
the months of April and May.
Comparison of District with State
Comprehensive details on all aspects of demography such as
population, sex, literacy, work force besides the status of urban and rural in
terms of population are provided for West Godavari District as compared to
state in the statement. Further, community wise population particulars are
also specified. The area and production generated under principal crops
together with the total cropped and irrigated areas are mentioned compared
to state. The potentiality and facilities available under Animal Husbandry,
Medical & Health, Electrification and other communication infrastructure are
given. The comparative statement reveals the status of West Godavari District
as compared to the State under important sectors.
Administrative Units of the District
The District comprises of four Revenue divisions vi., Eluru with 16
mandals, Kovvur with 12 mandals, Narasapuram with 12 mandals and
Jangareddigudem with 6 Mandals respectively which comes to 46 Mandals.
They started functioning from 15-01-1987. Besides, 7 Municipalities and 1
Corporation are in position at Tadepalligudem, Kovvur, Nidadavole, Tanuku,
Narasapuram, Bhimavaram and Municipal Corporation at Eluru.
There are a total 888 Gram Panchayats including Venkataraipuram
township of Tanuku mandal in the district, of which 207 are notified Gram
Panchayats and remaining 681 are non notified Gram Panchayats.
Minerals
The economic minerals that occur in this district are clay, quartz,
spernica and Chromite. The total deposits of the clay are found mostly in
Gopalapuram, Chintalapudi and Nalajerla Ex-Panchayat Samithies. The white
clay useful for ceramic production is found available at Dwaraka Tirumala
and adjacent Villages. There is no commercial exploitation of the other
minerals mentioned above excepting clay in the district.
Industries
Rice, Sugar, Jute, Ceramic, Oil, Textile, Chemicals, Flour, Food
processing, Agarbathi, Brick, knitting‟s, Coir Industries etc., are the large
medium and small Scale Industries in the District.
Forestry
The total forest area of the District accounts for 81166 hectares and
forming 10.48 per cent of the total geographical area. The spices grown are
Bamboos and other wood useful for timber, fuel and other minor forests
produce like Adda leaves, Beedi leaves, Soapnuts, Tamarind Honey and
Fruits. In Polavarm, Buttayagudem, Jeelugumilli mandals the coverage of
area under forest that appears in pedagevi, Chintalapudi, T. Narasapuram,
Lingapalem, Kamavarapukota are of shrub types.
Agriculture
The net area cultivated forms about 61.36 per cent of the total
geographical area of the district. Out of the net area shown, a large portion of
the area is irrigated by the net work of irrigation canals. The irrigation system
of the River Godavari, irrigates all the mandals in Delta region, whereas
Pendyala, Gutula, Vegeswarapuram pumping scheme irrigates some parts of
Kovvur, Nidadavole, Tallapudi, Polavaram, Gopalapuram Mandals. The
irrigation system of River Krishna irrigates entire portion of Eluru, Pedapadu
mandals and parts of the area in Denduluru and Bhimadole mandals. In
upland tracks, there are irrigation tanks fed by Hill streams besides other
number of Tube wells, Dug wells and M.I. schemes supplements the
irrigation source. On par with East Godavari and Krishna Districts, West
Godavari District is also having the distinction of being Rice Granary of
Andhra Pradesh. Paddy is forming 60 per cent to 65 per cent of the total area
sown with an average yield of 4,214 kgs /Ha,, in the district. The other
prominent crops also raised in this district are Banana, Sugarcane, Chillies,
Coconut, Maize, and Tobacco. Oil palm crop area is also increasing day by
day due to fulfilling the requirement of “Oil Production Factory” established
in Pedagevi Mandals.
Rivers
Godavari is the important river flowing in this district. This river
borders the entire eastern boundary of the district. At Vijjeswaram, the river
breaks into two branches namely, the Gowtami Godavri (Eastern Branch) and
Vasista Godavari (Western Branch) and flows towards the south of the
District before falling into the Bay of Bengal near Antarvedi.
The minor rivers which feed the irrigation tanks in the upland areas
are Tammileru, yerrakalva, Byneru, kovvada Kalva Jalleru, Rallamadugu and
Gunderu etc.,
Tourism Potential in West Godavari
There is enormous potential for Tourism in West Godavari District,
because of its location of religious monuments / temples and endowed with
rich historical or archaeological heritage significance in the district. All efforts
are afoot by the district authorities for bringing about overall tourism
development in the district in view of its vast potentiality and ample scope in
this regard.
Keeping all the above facts in view the Government of India as well as
Government of Andhra Pradesh initiated several rural development
programmes for the benefit of the people living in the district. For successful
implementation and monitoring of these programmes a coordinating agency
with strong organizational base is essential at district level.
Indira Kranti Patham (IKP) is a statewide poverty reduction project to
enable the rural poor to improve their livelihoods and quality of life through
their own organizations. It aims to cover all the rural poor households in the
state with a special focus on the 30 lakh poorest of the poor households. It is
implemented by Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP), Dept., of
Rural Development, Government of Andhra Pradesh SERP is an autonomous
society registered under the Societies Act, and implements the project through
District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) at the District level. The Chief
Minister of Andhra Pradesh is the Chairperson of the Society. IKP builds on
more than a decade long, statewide rural women‟s self-help movement. The
focus is on deepening the process, providing an institutional structure and
developing a framework for sustaining it for comprehensive poverty
eradication. It is the single largest poverty reduction project in South Asia.
The programme mandate is to build strong institutions of the poor and
enhance their livelihood opportunities so that the vulnerabilities of the poor
are reduced. Community Investment Fund (CIF) is the major component of
the project, which is provided to the SHGs/ VOs/ MSs to support wide range
of activities for socioeconomic empowerment of the Poor.
Institutional and Human Capacity Building (IHCB) Under IKP in West-
Godavari District
Institution and Human Capacity Building Section is a part of
institution building has occupied the central stage in the IKP project
implementation. In the process of promotion of member owned, member
managed and member controlled institutions of Poorest of the Poor/Poor,
DRDA has adopted new strategies viz., transferring the power and funds to
Mandal Samakhyas, preparation of Micro Credit plans for utilization of their
own and out side funds including Community Investment Fund (CIF) and
Bank credit and ensuring effective communication by having direct
interactions with communities through video conferences and sending all
circulars and instructions both to District Project Management Unit (DPMU)
and Mandal Samakyas (MSs) directly in the local language. Also more
emphasis was given to develop a cadre of social capital, who shall act as a
sensitive support mechanism for people‟s institutions and for strengthening
of Community Based Organisations (CBOs).
This section will undertake the task of registering Self Help Groups
(SHGs), Village Organisations (VOs), Mandala Samakyas (Mss) and Zilla
Samakya (ZS). The progress made by this wing is crucial for working of other
sections under IKP wing.
Functionaries of Institutional and Human Capacity Building (IHCB)
Section
The in-charge of this section is District Project Manager (DPM). He is
assisted by 1 Assistant Project Manager (APM) and 1 Accountant. All these
employees are designated as Full Term Employees (FTEs). The year-wise
no. of SHGs formed in west-godavari district district presented in table 3.5.
Table-3.5 YEAR WISE PERTICULARS OF NO OF SHGs IN WEST GODAVRI
DISTRICT DURING 2004-05 TO 2011-12
S.No. Year No. of SHGs Percentage to total
1. 2004-2005 11655 29.75
2. 2005-2006 3278 8.37
3. 2006-2007 3153 8.05
4. 2007-2008 6636 16.94
5. 2008-2009 3900 9.95
6. 2009-2010 2309 5.89
7 2010-2011 6451 16.47
8. 2011-2012 1797 4.59
Total 39179 100.00
Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru
The table 3.5 shows the number of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
formed in West Godavari District during the period 2004-05 to 2011-12. The
data reveals that highest number of SHGs were formed and assisted in the
year 2004-05 which accounts to 29.75 per cent, followed by 6636 SHGs during
2007-08 with 16.94 per cent and 6451 SHGs during 2010-11 with 16.47 per cent.
For the remaining years the SHGs were no formed in adequate number in the
district. To know whether the growth rate in the number of Self-Help Groups
is significant or not Lenior Growth Rate is calculated.
Lenior Growth Rate (No. SHGs))
na + xb = y
xa+x2b = xy
8a + 36b = 39179 36 288a + 1296b = 1410444
36a+204b=147101 8 288a + 1632b = 1176808 (-) -336b = 233636
b = 695.35
na + xb = y 8a + 36(695.35) = 39179 8a = 391179-205032.6 = 366146.4 8a = 366146.4
a = 46768.3
x y x2 x × y ŷ y – (y - )2
1 11655 1 11655 46463.65 -34808.65 1211642115
2 3278 4 6556 47159.00 -43881.00 1925542161
3 3153 9 9459 47854.35 -44701.35 1998210692
4 6636 16 26544 48549.70 -39213.7 1537714268
5 3900 25 19500 49245.05 -45345.05 2056173560
6 2309 36 13854 49940.4 -47631.05 2268716924
7 6451 49 45157 50635.75 -44184.75 1952292133
8 1797 64 14376 51331.1 -49534.1 2453627063
36
x
39179
y
204
x2
4952
x y
1,54,03,91,89,106
(y - )2
The estimated Lenior Regression Equation of No. of Self-Help Groups
in West-Godavai District.
Y =45768.3 + 695.35 x : L.G.R. = 14.20 (138.79)
Figures in Parentheses are Standard Error.
From the above equation, the regression co-efficient i.e., The value of
„b‟ is 695.35. It is positive but not significant. It means on average every year
695.35 per cent of Self-Help Groups are increasing during the study period.
The value of Lenior Growth Rate is 14.20. It reveals that average annual
growth in Self-Help Groups in West-Godavari district during the study
period is 14.20 percent. The value of „a‟ is 45768.3. The year-wise no. of SHG
women beneficiaries are presented in table 3.6.
Table-3.6 YEAR WISE PERTICULARS OF NO OF SHG WOMEN BENEFICIARIES IN
WEST GODAVRI DISTRICT DURING 2004-05 TO 2011-12
S.No. Year No. of Women Beneficiaries
Percentage to total
1. 2004-2005 120047 29.75
2. 2005-2006 33763 8.37
3. 2006-2007 32479 8.05
4. 2007-2008 68351 16.94
5. 2008-2009 40170 9.95
6. 2009-2010 23783 5.89
7 2010-2011 66445 16.47
8. 2011-2012 18509 4.59
Total 403547 100.00 Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru
The table 3.6 shows the number of SHGs women beneficiaries under
IKP in West-Godavari District. The data reveals that highest number of SHGs
women beneficiaries were covered under IKP during the year 2004-05
followed by 68351 during the year 2010-2011 with 16.47 per cent. For the
remaining years the coverage of women beneficiaries under SHGs is not
encouraging in the district. To know whether the growth rate in the number
of Self-Help Group beneficiaries is significant or not Lenior Growth Rate is
calculated.
Lenior Growth Rate (No. SHG Members))
na + xb = y
xa+x2b = xy
8a + 36b = 403547 36 288a + 1296b = 14527692
36a+204b=1386719 8 288a + 1632b = 11093752 (-) -336b = 3433940
b = 10220.06
na + xb = y 8a + 36(10220.06) = 403547 8a = 403547-367922.19 = 8a = 35624.84
x y x2 x × y
y – (y - )2
1 120047 1 120047 14673.17 105373.83 1110364440.5
2 33763 4 67526 4453.11 29309.89 859069651.8
3 32479 9 97437 35113.29 -2634.29 6939483.80
4 68351 16 273404 45333.35 23017.65 529812211.5
5 40170 25 200850 55553.41 -15383.41 236649303.2
6 23783 36 14268 65773.47 -41990.47 1763199571.0
7 66445 49 465115 75993.53 -9548.53 91174425.16
8 18509 64 148072 86213.59 -67704.59 4583911507.0
36
x
403547
y
204
x2
1386719
x y
9,18,11,20,593
(y - )2
The estimated Lenior Regression Equation of No. of Self-Help Group
Members in West-Godavai District.
Y =4453.11 + 10220.06 x : L.G.R. = 20.26 (33876.83)
Figures in Parentheses are Standard Error.
From the above equation, the regression co-efficient i.e., the value of „b‟
is 10220.06. It is positive but not significant. It means on average every year
10220.06 per cent of Self-Help Group members are increasing during the
study period. The value of Lenior Growth Rate is 20.26. It reveals that
average annual growth in Self-Help Group Members in West-Godavari
district during the study period is 20.26 percent. The value of „a‟ is 4453.11.
Development under Bank Linkage in West-Godavari District
The linking of SHGs to banks for financial assistance was imitated in
early 1980s by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD). It reached culmination by 1990s.
The members of SHGs are poor with low or nil saving capacity, and
who depend on moneylenders or private sources to meet their expenditure
and other obligations. During the group meetings, the thrift amount is pooled
and given as loans to members for utilization, production or investment
purposes based on the priorities determined by the group. The group
members keeping in view the interests and prosperity of the member take a
collective decision regarding all matters. These groups play the role of a mid-
wife or money lender. Since it is member‟s thrift that is given out as loans to
one or two members at each meeting depending upon the priorities as set by
the group, members exercise close supervision on utilization of loans. Peer
pressure is exerted on members to continue savings to enable every member
to have an opportunity to avail the loans. Prompt repayment of loans is
insisted by the remaining members to avail themselves of loans of higher
order. As a result, at any given point of time all members in a SHG will not be
borrowers. Even if all of them are borrowers, their loans outstanding will not
be equal. Several interesting features have been observed in the financial
dynamics of groups where there is evidence in qualitative shift in loans
portfolio in favour of productive purposes as against consumption of loans
availed earlier. Such is the case with the size of loan. The years-wise
particulars of Physical and Financial achievements of SHGs under Bank
linkages in Thallapudi Mandal is presented in the table 3.7.
TABLE -3.7 PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL ACHIEVEMENS BY BANK LINKAGES
FOR SHGs IN WEST-GODAVRAI DISTRICT DURING 2004-05 to 2011-12 S.No. Year No. of
SHGs Physical
Achievement Percentage of achievements
Financial Achievement
(in Crores)
Per capita Bank linkage for
SHGs (in Crores)
1. 2004-2005 11655 6393 54.85 43.22 6.76
2. 2005-2006 3278 2281 69.59 51.04 0.02
3. 2006-2007 3153 2497 79.19 98.78 0.04
4. 2007-2008 6636 3379 50.92 157.30 0.05
5. 2008-2009 3900 3078 78.92 84.35 0.03
6. 2009-2010 2309 1529 66.22 55.95 0.04
7 2010-2011 6451 3641 56.44 78.00 0.02
8. 2011-2012 1797 1299 72.29 45.12 0.03
Total 39179 24097 61.50 613.76 0.03
Source: DRDA. West-Godavari,
The table 3.7 shows the Bank linkages for SHGs in West-Godavari
District during 2004-05 to 2011-12. The percentage of achievements for SHGs
under Bank linkage is more with 79.19 per cent during the year 2006-07
followed by 78.92 per cent during the year 2008-09. In all the years the
achievement varies between 79.19 per cent to 50.92 per cent. The data reveals
that Bank linkage for SHGs is not encouraging in West-Godavari District
during the above period.
Developments under Pavalavaddi Scheme in West-Godavari District
The Government of Andhra Pradesh introduced Pavalavaddi Scheme
(Interest Subsidy) during the year 2004-05 with an objective to provide
interest subsidy on the Bank loans taken by the Self Help Groups in Andhra
Pradesh to reduce the financial burden on them. The scheme is applicable to
all loans extended by banks on or after 01.07.2005, under SHG bank linkage
programme.
The DRDA will obtain the details of SHG repayment for the purpose of
interest subsidy twice a year through the Mandal Samakhyas. DRDA will
calculate the Pavala Vaddi to be given to each SHG basing on the bank
statement. The DRDA will give the Pavala Vaddi cheques to the Mandal
Samakhya along with the statement of particulars accruing to each SHG. The
Mandal Samakhya in turn will distribute the cheques to the SHGs through the
village organisations in the presence of non officials. Year wise Physical and
Financial Achievements under Pavalavaddi scheme in West-Godavari district
is presented in the table 3.8.
Table – 3.8 YEAR WISE PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER
PAVALAVADI SCHEME IN WEST-GODAVARI DISTRICTR DURING 2004-05 TO 2011-12
(Rs.in Crores)
S.No. Year Physical Achievements
Percentage of Achievement
Financial Achievement
Percentage of Achievement
1. 2004-2005 14456 1.97 85.54 0.88
2. 2005-2006 27921 3.81 278.02 2.87
3. 2006-2007 62749 8.57 862.79 8.92
4. 2007-2008 20944 2.86 381.02 3.94
5. 2008-2009 48737 6.66 1248.42 12.90
6. 2009-2010 24203 3.31 646.00 6.68
7 2010-2011 44614 6.09 3224.29 33.32
8. 2011-2012 488647 66.73 2950.48 30.49
732271 100.00 9676.56 100.00
Source: DRDA. West-Godavari,
The table 3.8 shows the physical and financial achievement under
Pavala Vaddi scheme to SHGs women beneficiaries in west-godavari district
during 2004-05 to 2011-12. The data reveals that the physical achievement
rate is highest with 66.73 per cent during the year 2011-12. For the remaining
years it is not encouraging and there are fluctuations in the figures. With
regard to financial achievement also the highest percentage of achievements
are during the year 2011-12 with 30.49 per cent followed by 2010-11 with 33.32
per cent. For the remaining years the achievement rate is not encouraging in
the district.
Functionaries of Bank Linkage and Pavalavaddi Section
The incharge of Bank linkage and Pavala Vaddi schemes is District
Project Manger (DPM). In the discharge of his duties he is assisted by APM,
Mandal Level Bank Linkage Anchor Person (MLBLAP) and Point Person.
Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture
The ecological alternatives in agriculture which make the best use of
local resources have proven to shift the tide in favour of farmers. One such
experience is the Non- Pesticidal Management (NPM) of insect pests. The
programme was launched in 2005 as sub scheme of IKP. Considering the
serious problems associated with the use of chemical pesticides and also the
huge investment costs for small and marginal farmers, Society for Elimination
of Rural Poverty (SERP), Indira Kranti Padam, (IKP) decided to upscale the
NPM into wider regions through the Federation of Women Self Help groups
(Mandal Samakhyas). This process of up scaling includes giving an
institutional frame work to the support systems for community participation
and dissemination of knowledge which enables to make informed decisions
about the technologies and practices and gain control over the resources. The
experiences of involving women SHGs, Mandal Samakhyas have been proven
successful in West-Godavari district.
Programme Strategy
Non-Pesticidal Management (NPM) is a paradigm shift in moving
from input centric model to knowledge and skill based model. It involves
making the best use of locally available natural resources and takes best
advantage of the natural processes. The objective of NPM is to bring
sustainability to agricultural based livelihoods, with special focus on small
and marginal farmers, tenants, agriculture labour and women. The main
principle underlying NPM is that pests can be managed by understanding
their behavior and life cycle. The emphasis is on prevention rather than
control. A comprehensive strategy is evolved for pest management. These
include: deep summer ploughing, community bonfires, seed treatment, bird
perches, border crops, trap crops, yellow and white plates, intercrops, light
traps, pheromone traps, delta traps in ground nut, alleys in paddy, cutting of
the tips in paddy at the time of transplantation.
Functionaries of Non- Pesticidal Management (NPM) Section
For proper implementation of the NPM programme at district level
District Project Manager (DPM) monitors the programme and he guides his
subordinates. The DPM is assisted by 2 Assistant Project Mangers, 17
Technical Assistants and Community Activists. At village level the village
activist looks after the programme. The table 3.9 presents the progress made
under NPM programme in the district.
Table 3.9
Progress of Non-Pesticidal Management Scheme in West-Godavari District
Sl. No. Description 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-2012 Total
1 No. of Mandals covered 13 15 30 32 32 32 154
2 No. of Villages covered 46 143 550 375 452 481 2047
3 No. of Acres covered 7785.98 27268.29 16537.5 16857.60 17896.52 17963.25 104309.14
4 No. of farmers benefited 3190 9754 42828 44628 51893 53412 205705
5 Expenditure incurred
(Rs. in lakhs)
36 205.25 126.5 267.25 296 312 1243
Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru
As per the table 3.9 the number of mandals covered under the scheme
in the district is 13 in 2006-07. It extended to another two mandals in 2007-08.
The coverage of the programme is doubled in 2008-2009. In 2009-2010
another two mandals were covered and remained constant. The number of
villages covered by the scheme during the last six years is 2047. It is important
to note that the villages which are covered in a particular year is not covered
in the preceding years. But in case of Mandals, the same Mandals are
continuing. The number of acres covered is high during 2007-2008. In 2008-09
the coverage of acres decreased and there after it gradually increased. In all
104309.14 acres were covered by the scheme during last 6 years of study. The
number of farmers benefited by the scheme is gradually increasing. The
expenditure incurred is not evenly distributed.
Education Programme
For educational upliftment of the poor the State Government started a
special education programme like establishment. Early childhood education
centres, extending financial help to meritorious students to join in corporate
colleges and joining of dropouts in school Residential Bridge Schools (RBCs)
etc. All these activities are included in the IKP project. These special
educational programmes are implemented since 2008.
The children in age group of 3-5 years are provided with Early
Childhood Education in these centres. Community governed, community
managed ECE centres have shown significant improvement in physical,
mental and cognitive development of children between the age group of 3 -5
years.
Good quality education at +2 level, coupled with expert coaching to
face admission tests for professional courses is felt imperative by all the
parents in general. Financial deprivation has impeded the meritorious
children from accessing good teaching and expert coaching being offered in
institutes of repute.
To address this gap, SERP has facilitated the admission of 8,000
meritorious poor candidates in private / corporate junior colleges of repute,
during 2008-09, for two year intermediate course integrated with focused
coaching for IIT – JEE / AIEEE / EAMCET. This is varied seen as an inter-
generational poverty alleviation strategy.
There is an increased demand for continuation of the scheme and it has
also been observed that the students of weaker sections have put in extra
effort to secure more marks in SSC, 2009 exams with the hope of being in the
race for corporate education. The scheme is continued till today with the
welfare departments and 8009 students are so far admitted in institutes of
repute in the district.
Functionaries of Education Wing
The education wing is headed by a District Project Manager, who is
assisted by a Assistant Project Manager in the discharge of his duties.
The progress made under educational programmes in the district
during 2009-10 to 2011-12 is presented in the table 3.10.
Table 3.10
Progress Achieved under Educational Programmes in West-Godavari District
S.No. Items Year
2009-10 2010-11 2011-2012 Total
1 No. of Mandals covered 16 9 12 37
2 No. of Education sub-committees formed
16 9 12 37
3 No. of ECE centres 18 29 39 86
4 No. of children enrolled in ECE centres
512 619 747 1878
5 No. of students admitted in corporate colleges
301 342 378 1021
6 No. of Dropouts joined in RBC school
479 536 629 1644
Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru.
The table 3.10 reveals that only 37 out of 46 mandals in the district were
covered by DRDA educational programmes. The number of Education Sub-
committees is corresponding to number of mandals covered. The total
number of ECE centres established in the district is 86. In all these ECE
centres 1878 children are receiving early childhood education. The number of
meritorious children admitted into corporate colleges is 301 in 2009-10, 342 in
2010-11 and 378 in 2011-12 academic years. The total number of drop-outs
joined in RBC schools is 1644. Among them 479 enrolled in 2009-10, 536 in
2010-11 and 629 in 2011-12.
Gender Section
Gender strategy helps SHG women to increase their capacities in
decision making at different levels, free mobility, having a say in local
governance and building a safe environment. Women in groups ensure that
basic rights of all SHG women are not violated and that they create support
systems like social Actions committees in every village and family counseling
centers at every Mandal, to help themselves.
Gender Resource Groups formation
Gender resource groups are formed with the women who have personally
faced a case of domestic violence or external violence so that she can
understand the other woman‟s pain.
If not faced a case herself, she should have had experience in supporting,
helping working for someone in a case of domestic or external violence, or
any other such social issues.
These gender resource groups are called social action committees at
village, mandal and district levels, and were provided training on gender
discrimination, women laws, dispute resolution and counseling.
VO and Mandal level Social Action Committees Formation
Social Action Committees at village level and mandal level with 5 to 10
members of VO depending on the size of the village and mandal are formed
to look into gender and social issues.
Mandal Samakhya Social Action Committee (SAC) acts like women‟s
rights protection cell at mandal level. They work like Para legal professionals
and counsellors in close association with village level activists to take up the
issues and counsel the victims for solving of the problems. When the problem
is not resolved at their level, they approach the police station and a lawyer.
The District Social Action Committees (SACs) is formed with the
representatives of one member from each mandal SAC. This committee works
in close relation with district administration. Like collector, District
Superintend of Police, District level legal service authority and Protection
Officer who was appointed by Andhra Pradesh Government to implement
Prevention of Domestic Violence Act, 2005.
Functionaries of Gender Section
The in-charge of the gender section is Assistant Programme Manager. The
table 3.11 gives the Status of achievement under gender programme in West-
Godavari District during 2009-10 to 2011-12.
Table – 3.11 Progress under Gender Programme in West-Godavari District
S.No. Item Year
2009-10 2010-11 2011-2012 Total
1. Mandal Social Action Committee formed
32 8 6 46
2. Village Social Action Committee
343 208 79 6300
3. No. of members in VO Social Action Committee
5411 5836 6102 17349
4. Zilla Social Action Committee Members
49 8 6 63
5. Counseling Centres 33 9 8 50
6 Case Dealt with 418 531 807 1756
7 Cases Resolved 231 387 586 1204
8 Adolescent Girls Groups Formed
402 338 260 1000
Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru.
The table 3.11 indicates that 46 Mandals in the district have Mandal
Social Action Committees in a phased manner. Initially 32 Mandals were
covered; later 8 Mandals in 2010-11 and another 6 Mandals in 2011-12 were
also covered. The Village Social Action Committees gradually decreased from
343 to 79 during 2009-10 to 2011-12. In all, there are 6300 Village Social Action
Committees are formed. The total number members in VO Social Committees
are 17349. Among them 5411 were enrolled in 2009-10, 5836 in 2010-11 and
6102 members in 2011-12. At district level, District Social Action Committee
members added with an increase in Mandal Social Action Committee
members increased in correspondence with the increase in Mandal Social
Action Committees. In all these, 50 counseling centres are in existence.
Among them 33 formed in 2009-10, 9 in 2010-11 and 8 in 2011-12. The Mandal
Village and District Social Action Committees dealt 1756 cases like dowry
harassment, sexual harassment, family disputes, trafficking, child marriages
etc. Among the dealt cases 68.57 per cent were solved. The total number of
adolescent Girls Groups formed in the district are 1000. Among them 402
were formed in 2009-10, 338 in 2010-11 and 260 in 2011-12.
Health and Nutrition (H&N) Section
The Health and Nutrition Programme of IKP is based on four key
objectives. Each objective encompasses several community-managed
interventions aimed at improving health and nutrition.
Objectives
1. Increase demand by the community for access to public health services.
2. Improve household health-seeking behavior to control the spread of
disease and ensure healthy development of women and children.
3. Provide financial support during health emergencies and illness, and
4. Reduce expenditure on curative care
Health and nutrition interventions are under implementation in 37
Pilot Mandals in West-Godavari district.
A Health Activist will be selected from an SHG in each village and
undergoes regular trainings (four days each month) at the Mandal level by
the Master Trainer. The purpose is to build her capacity as a health leader for
her community. After initial intensive training, she attends monthly training
courses to refresh her knowledge and learn about new health-related
concepts. She is responsible for raising awareness on health issues and
holding health education sessions with the SHGs and the VO. She also fills
monthly status reports tracking health and nutrition indicators for each SHG
member in the village.
Two health Sub-Committees members are identified in each VO, each MS,
and each ZS. The Health Sub-Committee members undergo monthly capacity
building trainings. Their role is to oversee H&N activities & staff and provide
feedback. They also ensure that the community is aware of health services
and demand access to these services.
Functionaries of Health Nutrition Section
The DPM is incharge of the scheme at district level. He / She is assisted
by 8 APMs and 30 health and nutrition community coordinators.
The status of health savings and utilisation of Health Risk Fund in West-
Godavari district during 2009-10 to 2011-12 is presented in the table 3.12.
Table-3.12 Status of health savings and Utilization of Health Risk Fund
During 2009-10 to 2011-12 in West-Godavari District
SNo Item Year
2009-10 2010-11 2011-2012 Total
1. Total SHG members 9311 14506 18921 42738
2. Total Pop/ Poor 6172 9214 11190 26576
3. % of POP with health savings
66.28 63.52 58.00 62.18
4. Total Amount of Health Savings ( Rs)
714000 61000 1499500 1823500
5. Total HRF releases to MMS ( Rs)
2300000 2100000 1600000 6000000
6. Total SHG members utilized HRF ( Rs)
2012 1876 1924 5812
7. Total Pop/Poor members utilized HRF (Rs),
2012 1876 1924 5812
8. % of POP utlitsed
100 100 100 100
Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru.
As per the table 3.12 the number of SHG members covered under
Health and Nutrition Programme is gradually increasing. In 2009-10 only
9311 SHG members are covered. In 2010-11, the number increased to 14506 in
2009-10 and it is further increased to 18921 in 2011-12. The percentage of
Poorest of the Poor (PoP) with health savings is gradually declining from
66.28 per cent in 2009-10 to 58.00 per cent in 2011-112. In the same way the
total health savings also declined year by year. The total Health Risk Funds
(HRFs) released Mandal Mahila Samakyas (MMSs) is Rs.60,00,000. The
number of PoP /poor utilized HRF is cent percent during the three years of
study.
Employment Generation and Marketing Mission (EGMM) Section
Employment Generation and Marketing Mission (EGMM) is a society
set up by the Department of Rural Development of the Andhra Pradesh
Government to provide employment to the rural unemployed youth in 2005.
The EGMM has emerged as one of the largest Jobs mission working for the
underprivileged youth. The youth who are covered are from economically
and socially underprivileged sections of the society. EGMM works with a
public-private partnership mode with Government, companies and the rural
communities as its stakeholders. The entire approach is a bottom-up
approach, tailored to move the rural poor from the unorganized to the
organized labor market.
The brand EGMM has been built by its innovative products developed like
the country's first grassroots level English, soft skills & computers academy,
textile training academy, and security academy. EGMM has also customized
the trainings linked to new investments like rural Business Process
Organisations (BPOs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs) manufacturing units,
etc.
Functionaries of EGMM The EGMM wing is headed by the DPM. The DPM is assisted by 3
Assistant Project Managers and 18 Job Resource Persons (JRPs).
The table 3.13 gives a clear picture of progress made under the EGMM
programme in West-Godavari district.
Table – 3.13 Progress made under EGMM in West-Godavari District
S. No.
Course 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
2010-11
2011-2012 G/Total
Trained Placed Trained Placed Trained Placed Trained Placed Trained Placed Trained Placed Trained Placed
1 Textiles 1000 401 130 130 2607 2265 4205 3822 1160 1450 382 306 9484 8374
2 Security - - 662 417 1210 986 275 184 140 66 354 272 2641 1925
3 English Work readiness Computers
- - 202 170 617 565 500 430 202 85 505 375 2026 1625
4 Construction 166 126 98 67 673 619 564 175 329 181 40 17 1870 1185
5 IKP Labs 450 325 525 375 956 620 476 555 - - - - 2407 1875
6 Computers - - - - 353 116 1096 603 1219 726 1524 696 4192 2141
7 Driving - - - - 574 - 118 - - - - - 692 -
8 JCB driving - - - - 90 85 - - - - - - 90 85
9 ANM - - - - 40 - - - - - - - 40 -
10 Beautification - - - - - - 41 - - - - - 41 -
11 Jute Handcrafts
- - - - - - 30 - - - - - 30 -
12 Hotel Management
- - - - - - - - - - 27 15 27 15
13 Production Chemist
- - - - - - - - - - 11 - 11 -
14 Diamond Cutting
- - - - - - - - - - 5 - 5 -
Total 1616 852 1617 1159 7120 5256 7305 5769 3050 2508 2848 1681 23556 17225
Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru
It can be inferred from the table 3.13 that the number of unemployed
SHG member family members (Men & Women) trained and placed is
gradually increasing during 2006-07 to 2009-10. The number of trained and
placed unemployed in 2006-07 is 1616 and 852 respectively. It increased to
7305 and 5679 by 2009-10. Thereafter the trained as well as placed declined
gradually. Among the total trained unemployees a large number of 9484,
constituting 40.26 were trained on textile skills. About 17.80 per cent were
trained for the maintenance of IKP labs. Around 11.22 per cent were trained
as security guards and 10.22 per cent trained to develop construction skills.
Nearly 8.6 per cent were trained on english work readiness computers. The
remaining were trained in other activities like driving, beautification,
computers, hotel management, ANM, JCB driving etc.
Social Security Programmes
The DRDA – West-Godavari implementing and monitoring two
important schemes under social security wing. They are;
1. Dr. YSR Abhaya Hastam.
2. Aam Admi Bhima Yojana (AABY).
Dr. YSR Abhaya Hastam
The need for income security in their old age, when their ability to earn
from their physical labour would have reduced considerably has been voiced
by SHG members in various meetings they had with the then Chief Minister
Dr. Y.S.Rajasekhara Reddy of Andhra Pradesh in the month of December
2008. Responding to the demand from the SHG women, the Chief Minister of
Andhra Pradesh has conceptualized Abhaya Hastham.
The monthly pension amount payable to the women depends on the
number of years of contribution she makes till she crosses 60 years of age. In
order to secure reasonable level of monthly pension, government have
decided to ensure that every woman shall receive Rs.500/- or above pension
every month, on crossing 60 years of age till her death. A women joining
Abhaya Hastham at the age of 18 will be able to draw Rs.2, 200/- per month
pension on crossing 60 years of age. This amount is likely to be much higher,
should the level of monthly contribution / co-contribution is stepped up after
every 5 or 10 years. Besides the member‟s children studying 9th, 10th, 11th
&12th classes will receive a scholarship of Rs.1,200/ per annum. In the event of
the death of the subscriber, the available contribution of the subscriber and
Government‟s co-contribution along with accrued earnings on such
contributions will be transferred to the nominee of the subscriber.
Government of Andhra Pradesh has brought out Legislation, A.P SHG
Women Co-contributory Pension Act, 2009. The scheme was named after late
Chief Minister Dr. Y.S.Rajasekhara Reddy after his sudden demise on 2nd
September, 2009. Year-wise total claims particulars under Y.S.R.Abayahstam
in West-Godavri District during 2009-10 to 2012-13 are presented in table 3.14.
Table – 3.14 YEAR-WISE CLAIM PARTICULARS UNDER YSR ABHAYAHSTAM IN
WEST-GODAVARI DISTRICT DURING 2009-10 TO 2011-2012
S.No. Year No. of Persons are Eligible for
Claims
No. of Persons are Actual
Claims
Percentage of achievement in
claims
1. 2009-
2010
1058 819 77.41
2. 2010-
2011
1031 998 96.80
3. 2011-
2012
1244 1077 86.58
Total 3333 2894 86.82
Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru
The table 3.14 shows the claims by members of SHGs in the district.
The data reveals that during the year 2011-12 1077 claims were actually
claimed by the members which is highest followed by 2010-11 with 998 and
819 during the year 2009-10. With regard to percentage of achievement in
claims 96.80 per cent of the claims were during the year 2010-11 followed by
2011-12 with 86.58 and 2009-10 with 77.41. The data reveals that 86.82 per
cent of the achievements were achieved in the district during the above
period.
Aam Admi Bima Yojana
In fact, the year 2008 marks the revolution of Micro-Insurance in the
State of Andhra Pradesh, with the advent of “Aam Admi Bima Yojana”
(AABY). AABY is a scheme of the Central & State Governments,
administered by LIC of India for the benefit of landless agricultural laborer‟
households. At present, including Andhra Pradesh 14 States/ Union
Territories have agreed to implement the Scheme. The Government of AP on
8th February, 2008 has resolved that the scheme would cover 38.00 lakh
families identified based on 2001 Census. It is a group Insurance Scheme for
the age group of 18-59 years. The members should be head of the family
(bread winner) or one earning member in the family of rural landless
household who are dependent on agricultural labor as their primary source of
livelihood. The Premium to be charged under the Scheme is Rs.200/- per
annum per member, of which 50% will be contributed by the Central
Government and the remaining 50% by State Governments. Under the
Scheme, all rural landless households would be provided life and disability
cover. On death and permanent disability due to accident, the family would
get Rs.75,000/- In case of partial disability due to accident, the insurance
cover would be Rs.37,500/-. On natural death, the family would get
Rs.30,000/-. A free add-on scholarship benefit for the children of the
members of AABY is provided under this scheme. A scholarship at the rate of
Rs.100/- per month will be given to maximum two children studying
between 9th to 12th Standard. This scholarship, however, is payable half
yearly.
The Government has officially launched the scheme on 14.3.2008 by
way of handing over a cheque of Rs.38.00 Crores towards state contribution
of Premium to LIC in the presence of a multitude of landless agricultural
laborers. Year-wise total claim particulars under AABY in West-Godavri
District during 2008-09 to 2012-13 is given in table 3.15.
Table – 3.15 YEAR-WISE CLAIM PARTICULARS UNDER AABY IN WEST-
GODAVARI DISTRICT DURING 2008-09 to 2012-2013 S.No. Year No. of Persons
are Eligible for Claims
No. of Persons are Actual
Claims
Percentage of achievement in
claims
1. 2008-2009 2501 2468 98.68
2. 2009-2010 2306 2276 98.70
3. 2010-2011 2876 2814 97.84
4. 2011-2012 2646 2576 97.35
5. 2012-2013 2161 1571 72.70
Total 12490 11705 93.71 Source: DRDA, West-Godavari, Eluru
The table 3.15 shows the claims of details of death claims of the
members of the SHGs families. The data reveals that during the year 2008-09,
98.68 per cent is the achievement rate and during the year 2009-10 it was 98.70
per cent and in 2010-11 it was 97.84 in 2011-12 and it was 97.35 in 2012-13 it
was 72.70 per cent. The percentage of claims have been decreased during the
year 2012-13, when compared to the previous years in the district. The year-
wise physical targets and achievements under National Family Benefit
Scheme is presented in table 3.16.
Table – 3.16 YEAR WISE PHYSICAL TARGETS AND ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER NATIONAL
FAMILY BENEFIT SCHEME IN WEST-GODAVARI DISTRICT DURING 2004-05 TO 2011-12
(Rs.in Crores)
S.No. Year Physical Targets
Physical Achievements
Percentage to Achievement
1. 2004-2005 670 1555 232.09
2. 2005-2006 1418 1027 72.43
3. 2006-2007 1418 1454 102.54
4. 2007-2008 1418 1418 100.00
5. 2008-2009 1916 1433 74.79
6. 2009-2010 1916 718 37.47
7 2010-2011 1650 469 28.42
8. 2011-2012 1650 0 - Total 12056 8074 66.97
Source: DRDA. West-Godavari,
The table 3.16 shows that the percentage of physical achievement
under National Family Benefit Scheme is highest with 232.09 per cent during
the year 2004-05 and it was 102.54 per cent during 2006-07 and 100.00 per cent
during 2007-08. There is decreasing trend in the percentage of achievement
during 2008-09 to 2011-12. There are fluctuations in the achievement rate
under National Family Benefit Scheme in the district. The year-wise financial
targets and achievements under National Family Benefit Scheme is presented
in table 3.17.
Table – 3.17
YEAR WISE FINANCIAL TARGETS AND ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER NATIONAL FAMILY BENEFIT SCHEME IN WEST-GODAVARI DISTRICT DURING 2004-05 TO
2011-12
(Rs. in Crores)
S.No. Year Financial Targets
Financial Achievements
Percentage to Achievement
1. 2004-2005 33.5 77.75 232.09
2. 2005-2006 70.91 51.35 72.42
3. 2006-2007 70.9 72.7 102.54
4. 2007-2008 70.9 70.9 100.00
5. 2008-2009 95.8 71.65 74.79
6. 2009-2010 95.8 35.93 37.51
7 2010-2011 82.5 23.45 28.42
8. 2011-2012 82.5 0 - Total 602.81 403.73 66.97
Source: DRDA. West-Godavari,
The table 3.17 shows the financial achievement under National Family
Benefit Scheme in West-Godavari district. The data reveals that during the
year 2004-05 the percentage of achievements were 232.09 per cent followed by
102.54 per cent in 2006-07, 100.00 per cent in 2007-08. There is decreasing
trend from 2007-08 onwards in the achievement rate in the district. The year-
wise physical targets and achievements under Social Security Pensions
Scheme is presented in table 3.18.
Table – 3.18 YEAR WISE PHYSICAL TARGETS AND ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER SOCIAL SECURITY
PENSIONS SCHEME IN WEST-GODAVARI DISTRICT DURING 2004-05 TO 2011-12
(Rs.in Crores)
S.No. Year Physical Targets
Physical Achievements
Percentage to Achievement
1. 2004-2005 72899 75137 103.07
2. 2005-2006 81023 79923 98.64
3. 2006-2007 138183 136090 98.49
4. 2007-2008 206506 200788 97.23
5. 2008-2009 300043 285548 95.17
6. 2009-2010 300043 301653 100.54
7 2010-2011 302043 299320 99.10
8. 2011-2012 305013 296347 97.16 Total 1705753 1674806 98.19
Source: DRDA. West-Godavari,
The table 3.18 shows the physical achievement under Social Security
Pensions Scheme in West-Godavari District. The data reveals that during the
year 2004-05 the percentage of achievement is 103.07 and it declined to 95.17
by 2008-09 and again it is increased to 100.54 per cent and then declined to
97.16 per cent. On the average the percentage of achievement was 98.19 in the
district. The year-wise financial targets and achievements under Social
Security Pensions Scheme is presented in table 3.19.
Table – 3.19 YEAR WISE FINANCIAL TARGETS AND ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER SOCIAL
SECURITY PENSIONS SCHEME IN WEST-GODAVARI DISTRICT DURING 2004-05 TO 2011-12
(Rs.in Crores)
S.No. Year Financial Targets
Financial Achievements
Percentage to Achievement
1. 2004-2005 656.1 676.23 103.07
2. 2005-2006 969.4 959.07 98.93
3. 2006-2007 3353.68 3266.16 97.39
4. 2007-2008 4239.09 4120.14 97.19
5. 2008-2009 6661.82 6605.64 99.16
6. 2009-2010 8152 8585.37 105.32
7 2010-2011 8512.68 8402.12 98.70
8. 2011-2012 8615.2 8418.21 97.71 Total 41159.97 41032.94 99.69
Source: DRDA. West-Godavari,
The table 3.19 shows the financial achievement under social security
pension scheme during 2004-05 to 2011-12 in the district. The data reveals
that the percentage of achievement is highest in the year 2009-10 followed by
103.07 in the year 2004-05. In all the remaining years the percentage of
achievement is less than 100.00 per cent in the district.
Conclusion
West Godavari District is carved out of old Godavari District as it is the
Western delta of the River Godavari; it was appropriately named as “West
Godavari” with Headquarters at Eluru and came into existence in the year
1925.
As regards community wise population, the SC population of the
District is 6.43 lakhs which is 16.90 per cent of the District population and
27.49 per cent of the State total 123.39 lakhs SC population. Similarly, the ST
population of the District is 0.97 lakhs and it accounts for 2.55 per cent of the
district and 4.79 per cent of the state total ST population. The SC and ST
population are based upon 2001 census.
There are 19.23 Lakhs literates forming 73.95 per cent of the total
population of the District among them Male literates constitute 78.43 per cent
while female literates forming 69.45 per cent. The literacy rate of the District is
73.95 per cent which is higher than the state literacy rate of 60.47 per cent. As
regards with scheduled tribe literacy of the district is 50.86 per cent among
this male literacy constitutes 55.87 per cent and female literacy is 45.96 per
cent which are higher than the state total literacy 37.04, male literacy 47.66 per
cent and female literacy 26.11 per cent respectively.
The data reveals that the number of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) formed
in West Godavari District during the period 2004-05 to 2011-12. The data
reveals that highest number of SHGs were formed and assisted in the year
2004-05 which accounts to 29.75 per cent, followed by 6636 SHGs during 2007-
08 with 16.94 per cent and 6451 SHGs during 2010-11 with 16.47 per cent. For
the remaining years the SHGs were not formed in adequate number in the
district. To know whether the growth rate in the number of Self-Help Groups
is significant or not Lenior Growth Rate is calculated.
The regression co-efficient i.e., the value of „b‟ is 695.35. It is positive
but not significant. It means on average every year 695.35 per cent of Self-
Help Groups are increasing during the study period. The value of Lenior
Growth Rate is 14.20. It is reveals that average annual growth in Self-Help
Groups in West-Godavari district during the study period is 14.20 percent.
The data reveals that the number of SHGs women beneficiaries under
IKP in West-Godavari District. The data reveals that highest number of SHGs
women beneficiaries were covered under IKP during the year 2004-05
followed by 68351 during the year 2010-2011 with 16.47 per cent. For the
remaining years the coverage of women beneficiaries under SHGs is not
encouraging in the district. To know whether the growth rate in the number
of Self-Help Group Members is significant or not Lenior Growth Rate is
calculated.
The regression co-efficient i.e., the value of „b‟ is 10220.06. It is positive
but not significant. It means on average every year 10220.06 per cent of Self-
Help Group members are increasing during the study period. The value of
Lenior Growth Rate is 20.26. It reveals that average annual growth in Self-
Help Group Members in West-Godavari district during the study period is
20.26 percent.
The data reveals that the Bank linkages for SHGs in West-Godavari
District during 2004-05 to 2011-12. The percentage of achievements for SHGs
under Bank linkage is more with 79.19 per cent during the year 2006-07
followed by 78.92 per cent during the year 2008-09. In all the years the
achievement varies between 79.19 per cent to 50.92 per cent.
The data reveals that the physical and financial achievement under
Pavala Vaddi scheme to SHGs women beneficiaries in west-godavari district
during 2004-05 to 2011-12. The data reveals that the physical achievement
rate is highest with 66.73 per cent during the year 2011-12. For the remaining
years it is not encouraging and there are fluctuations in the figures. With
regard to financial achievement also the highest percentage of achievements
are during the year 2011-12 with 30.49 per cent followed by 2010-11 with 33.32
per cent. For the remaining years the achievement rate is not encouraging in
the district.