chapter 9 fluids
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Academic and Conceptual Physics Spring 2014. Chapter 9 Fluids. Nature of Matter. All substances are composed of atoms. Atoms are mostly empty space. The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. Properties of Fluids. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9 FluidsAcademic and Conceptual PhysicsSpring 2014
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Nature of Matter All substances are
composed of atoms.
Atoms are mostly empty space.
The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
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Properties of Fluids
Fluids are materials that can flow – they have no definite shape – Liquids and Gases
Density is the mass to volume ratio of a fluid.
ρ = m/V where ρ is density, m is mass and V is volume. Units of ρ are kg/m3
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Fluid Density
Solids and Liquids are generally incompressible.
Their densities are nearly constant
regardless of pressure.
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Fluid Density
Gases are compressible and their densities vary with pressure.
Boyle’s Law Lab
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Fluid Temperature
Kinetic theory predicts that temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas.
Increasing the temperature of a fluid increases the speed of particles.
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The Ideal Gas The Ideal Gas Law relates the macroscopic
properties of Pressure, Temperature and Volume.
If the number of particles of gas are constant,
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
where P is pressure, V is volume and T is temperature in Kelvin. (K = C + 273)
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Archimedes’ Principle
Any object completely or partially submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force (FΒ) equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
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For a submerged object, FΒ < Fg
For a floating object, FΒ = Fg
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Buoyant Force
The apparent weight of the object depends on the objects density.
Fg (object)/FB = ρ0/ρf
where the FB is theweight of the displacedfluid. (Archimedes Lab)
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Pascal’s Principle
Pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container.
F1/A1=F2/A2 where F is Force in N and A is the area in m2.
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Pascal’s Principle
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Fluid Pressure and Depth The fluid pressure
increases with depth.
P = Po+ ρgh Where P is the absolute pressure and p0 is atmospheric pressure.
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Fluids in Motion
The Continuity Equation A1v1 = A2v2 where A is the area and
v is the speed. Water pressure on the right is less
than on the left.
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Bernoulli’s Principle
The pressure in a fluid decreases as the fluid’s velocity increases.