chapter 8 section 2 igneous and sedimentary rocks
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 8 Section 1 Minerals– Earth’s Jewels. Chapter 8 Section 2 Igneous and sedimentary rocks. Mr. Perez. Chapter 8 Section 3 Metamorphic rocks and rock cycle. Section 1 Vocabulary. Mineral- inorganic, solid materials found in nature Rock- solid material made up of two or more minerals - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Mr. PerezCHAPTER 8 SECTION 2IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 3METAMORPHIC ROCKS AND ROCK CYCLE
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1MINERALS– EARTH’S JEWELS
Mineral- inorganic, solid materials found in nature
Rock- solid material made up of two or more minerals
Crystal- solid materials with a repeating pattern
Gem- minerals that are rare and can be cut and polished , giving them a beautiful appearance
Ore- mineral that contains enough useful substance that it can be sold for profit
SECTION 1 VOCABULARY
Examples: Graphite, quartz, fluorite, apatiteWays minerals form:1. Melted rock (magma) cools and the particles are arranged in
patterns
2. Evaporation can cause minerals to form, just as evaporated saltwater leaves behind salt
3. Precipitation can cause minerals to form– water cannot hold all the dissolved materials, forming solid masses of mineralFormation clues: APPEARANCE IS IMPORTANT• Large mineral grains that fit like a puzzle = slow cooling magma• Perfect crystals = plenty of room to cool
WHAT IS A MINERAL?
Minerals are inorganic, Solid materials formed in nature. Inorganic means that are not made by plants or animals
WHAT IS A MINERAL?
CrystalsCleavage & FractureColorStreak & LusterHardnessSpecific gravity
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Cleavage FractureMinerals that split into pieces with smooth, regular planes that reflect light
Minerals that split into pieces with rough or jagged edges
Halite & Mica Flint & Quartz
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
COLOR: the way the minerals look can be caused by impurities
STREAK: the color that appears when the minerals is slid on a white, unglazed tiled called a streak plate
LUSTER: how light is reflected off the mineral
HARDNESS: Using the MOHS SCALE, classify how hard the mineral is
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: compares the weight of the mineral with an equal volume of water
OTHER PROPERTIES: Magnetism Taste Reactivity
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Most of the rock-forming minerals are silicates, which contain silicon and oxygen. Feldspar Quartz
Other important rock-forming minerals are carbonates, which contain carbon and oxygen. Calcite
COMMON MINERALS
Gems are minerals that can be cut and polished , giving them a beautiful appearance– beautiful luster and color
VERY RARE, because they form under special conditions Require extremely high pressures Examples of gems: diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds
GEMS
Ores are minerals that contain enough of a useful substance that it can be sold for profit Examples of ores: copper ore, aluminum ore, gold ore
Ores are processed:1. Mined2. Smelted: melted and useful product separated from the rest3. Refined (purified)4. Processed
ORES
Lava- molten rock material that exists at or above Earth’s surface
Igneous rock- rock formed when melted rock material from inside Earth cools
Extrusive- melted rock material cools on Earth’s surface
Intrusive- melted rock materials cools below Earth’s surface
Sedimentary rock- sediment collected in layers and compacted together
SECTION 2 VOCABULARY
Igneous RocksType Form from
molten rock called
Have cooling rate
that is
Have crystal size that is
Extrusive(outside)
Lava (above surface)
Fast Small
Intrusive(inside)
Magma(below surface)
Slow Large
IGNEOUS ROCK DETAILS
Igneous Rocks can be
Light colored
HaveHigh silica
content
Are called Granitic
Dark colored
HaveLow silica content
Are calledBasaltic
ORGANIZE IGNEOUS ROCKS
Detrital Chemical OrganicForm from Made of grains
of minerals or other rocks
Dissolved mineral in seawater, geysers, hot springs, or salty lakes
Living matter that has died
How form Moved and been deposited in layers by water, ice, gravity or wind
Evaporation or other chemical processes
Piled up and compressed into rock
Where form Land or water Water Land or oceanExamples Sandstone,
Shale, Conglomerate, Siltstone
Halite Chalk, coal, limestone
CLASSIFY SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Pressure- force applied over a given areaMetamorphic rock- new rocks that form when
existing rocks are heated or squeezed but not melted
Foliated- rocks that have visible layers or elongated grains of mineral
Nonfoliated- rocks that do not have distinct layers or bands of minerals
Rock cycle- cycle that describes how different kinds of rock are related to one another and how rocks change from one type to another
SECTION 3 VOCABULARY
Conditions of Metamorphic Rock Formation
Temperature High
Pressure High
Time Millions of years
SUMMARIZE METAMORPHIC ROCKS
DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Foliated rocks include:
DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS
slategneiss
schist
phyllite
Nonfoliated rocks include:
DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS
quartzite
marble
soapstone
http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.html
ROCK CYCLE INTERACTIVE
Chapter 8 Vocabulary Quiz A: 12/4 or B: 12/5
Mighty Mineral Mini Project Presentations due A: 12/6 or B: 12/9
Rock Cycle quiz on A: 12/10 or B:12/11Bring in old crayons, aluminum foil,
wax paper and pencil sharpeners A: 12/10 or B: 12/11
REMEMBER!
Florida Science Grade 7Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing
Google images
RESOURCES