Chapter 8 Section 1

Julian, Lana, Ben, Sierra R

A Religious Awakening

The Second Great Awakening Changes America

• Lasted half a century

•Began in Kentucky, spread north and south

•Americans wanted governors to support religion

•African Americans join in the spirit

The Second Great Awakening Changes America

Mormons form in New York in 1830

Unitarians- reflected growing Christian liberalism

Joseph Smith formed Jesus Latter Day Saints

Non-Protestants Suffer Discrimination

Preachers were Protestant

Mormons were persecutedFollowed practices frowned upon by neighbors

Men have more than one wife

Held land as a group

• Political power

Non-Protestants Suffer Discrimination

Mormons chased out of Ohio› Sought refuge in Illinois

Joseph Smith runs for president› Murdered by Mormons

Brigham Young › Led Mormons far east

Great Salt Lake city

Non-Protestants Suffer Discrimination

Catholics and Jewish people face discrimination› 1800s Roman Catholic Church faced

discrimination› Protestants viewed Catholicism as

incompatible Choose loyalty to people rather than U.S

Non-Protestants Suffer Discrimination

Catholic poverty

› Poor immigrants from Ireland Little money Work for low wages

Irish immigrants grow too powerful

Non-Protestants Suffer Discrimination

Jewish people face discrimination› Public officials must be Christians› Jews barred from holding office› Jewish people• Rhode Island New York Pennsylvania

Non-Protestants Suffer Discrimination

1840s great numbers to escape political unrest› Europe› Americans ostracized them

Utopias and TranscendentalismSeeking a better life

Early 1800s, Americans wanted to improve life

Formed settlements known as Utopian communitiesoften failed within 2-6 years

Utopias built to be ideal societies

Well-known Utopia include: New harmony, Brook farm

New harmony lasted 2 years

Brook farm lasted 6 years

The shakers United society believed in Christ’s second appearance

Organized mid 1700s peaked around 1840s

Found in New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, and Indiana

Men and women did not marry

Lived in separate houses

Did not want to have children

Economy flourished due to high quality price

Transcendentalists Advance New Ideas

Believed they could go beyond senses to learn

Ralph Waldo Emerson was the leading transcendentalists

Most important follower was Henry David

Wrote “Civil Disobedience” Later provided inspiration to civil rights

Citations Lapsansky-Werner, Emma J., Peter B.

Levy, Randy Roberts, and Alan Taylor. United States History. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. 266-272. Print.