chapter 8 china. china reunified in the tang (tong) and song eras, the scholar- gentry as the...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 8
China
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China Reunified
• In the Tang (TONG) and Song Eras, the scholar-gentry as the political and economic elite of Chinese society, replaced the old landed aristocracy.
• Emperor Tang Xuanzang (Wan-dzong) is remembered for his devotion to a commoner’s daughter.
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• Technological developments during the Tang dynasty included gunpowder, steel, and cotton cloth.
• The Silk Road was renewed and as a result of trade, the city of Changan became the wealthiest city in the world.
Fire lance
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• Also, during this time the scholar-gentry replaced the old aristocracy as the political and economic elite of China.
• Li Bo his poem “Quiet Night Thoughts” has been memorized by schoolchildren for centuries
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Quiet Night Thoughts
• Before my bedthere is bright moonlight,So that it seemslike frost on the ground.
• Lifting my headI watch the bright moon,Lowering my headI dream that I`m home.
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Mongols and China
• In 1206, Temujin was renamed Genghis Khan, after which he devoted himself to conquest, eventually establishing the Mongol Empire.
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• The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, brought much of the Eurasian landmass under a single rule, creating the largest land empire in history.
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• Confucianism was at the heart of the Chinese state government from the Song dynasty to the end of the dynastic system in the twentieth century.
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• Between the Tang and Ming dynasties, Chinese literature flourished because printing was invented.
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• The two factors that contributed to the failure of Kublai Khan’s invasion of Japan in 1281 were the Kamakura shogunate and a massive typhoon that destroyed most of the invading fleet
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Early Japan and Korea
• samurai means “those who serve”
• The samurai of Japan were a new class of military servants whose purpose was to protect the security and property of their employers.
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• The samurai lived by a strict code known as Bushido, which was based on loyalty to the samurai’s lord.
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• Gi – Rectitude
• Yū – Courage
• Jin – Benevolence
• Rei – Respect
• Makoto or Shin– Honesty
• Meiyo – Honor, Glory
• Chūgi – Loyalty
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• Although Korean society was strongly influenced by the Chinese model of society, it was also influenced by Japan.
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• During much of the history of early Japan, aristocratic men believed that prose fiction was “vulgar gossip” and was thus beneath them.
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• Consequently, from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, women were the most productive writers of prose fiction in Japanese.
• Females learned to read and write at home, and they wrote diaries, stories, and novels to pass the time.
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• From this tradition appeared one of the world’s great novels, The Tale of Genji, which was written by Murasaki Shikibu around the year 1000.
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India After the Guptas
• Followers of Mahayana saw Buddhism as a religion, not a philosophy, with Buddha as a divine figure.
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• Muslim rulers in India were tolerant of Hindus because they realized there were simply too many Hindus to convert them all.
Muslims in front of the Taj Mahal
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• Theravada Buddhism became the religion of the masses in Southeast Asia partly because it tolerated local gods and posed no threat to established faiths.
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Wat Phra Buddha Baat,Theravada Buddhist templein Thailand.
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• The Rajputs were Hindu warriors who resisted the advance of Mahmud of Ghazni & the Muslim rule he brought with him.
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Rajputs
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Southeast Asia
• Followers of Theravada see Buddhism as a way of life.
• Timur Lenk was the ruler of a Mongol state based in Samarkand.
Samarkand: In modern day Uzbekistan
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• The trading societies of Southeast Asia included Srivijaya and the Sultanate of Melaka.
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• The two major parts of Southeast Asia include the mainland down to the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula and the archipelago of present-day Indonesia and the Philippines.
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Part 1:Malaya Peninsula
Part 2:Indonesia &Philippines
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• The temple of Angkor Wat combines Indian architectural techniques with native inspiration.
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Angkor Wat
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• Most societies in Southeast Asia gave greater rights to women than did those of China and India.
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• Women worked alongside men in the fields.
• They also played an active role in trading activities.