chapter 7, section 3 pages 251-255. industrial revolution – the birth of modern industry and the...
TRANSCRIPT
The Industrial North
Chapter 7, Section 3Pages 251-255
The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution – the birth of modern industry and the social changes that accompanied it
Occurred from the mid 1700s to the mid 1800s
Began in Great Britain’s textile industry
Replacement of human power with machine power
Textile Mill
Invented by Samuel Slater
Mechanized spinning and weaving
Created machines that used power from running water and steam engines to spin and weave cloth
The North Industrializes
British made it illegal for anyone that had knowledge about industrial machines to leave the country
Samuel Slater violated these laws when he brought information to America
Lowell
Named for Francis Lowell, a wealthy Boston textile merchant
Lowell, Massachusetts – a leading city for textile mills
Majority of workers were young women
Worked as long as 14 hours a day, 6 days a week
Known as the Lowell Girls
The Revolution Spreads
From early 1800s to mid-1800s industrialization spread with steam engines becoming more widely available
Industrialization led to urbanization People left the farm to work in cities
National Road
1811 Construction began on the National Road
Completed in 1841 Stretched 800 miles
west from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois
Promoted travel and trade
Erie Canal
1825 the 363-mile-long Erie Canal opened
Connected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and with the Atlantic Ocean
Provided quick and economical way to ship manufactured goods to west and farm products to east
NYC became the busiest port in America
Erie Canal
The Steamboat
1807 Robert Fulton
ran the first successful steamboat service
Inspired others to build and operate steamboats
The Railroad
The first steam powered train was in 1830
By 1835, states had issued more than 200 contracts to build railroad lines
Speed, power, reliability, and carrying capacity made it a preferred means of transport
Advances in Communication
Printing press – 1811 Books and newspapers easily printed
and in higher volumes Advances in the Postal Service
Quicker communication Telegraph – 1840 by Samuel F.B.
Morse Sends messages using electricity
through wires Communication was instantaneous