CHAPTER 7CHAPTER 7SECTION 1SECTION 1

INFANT GROWTH AND INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

THIS SECTION…THIS SECTION…

Describes the three patterns that a baby’s Describes the three patterns that a baby’s physical development follows.physical development follows.

Explains the effects that heredity, nutrition, Explains the effects that heredity, nutrition, health, experiences, and environment have on health, experiences, and environment have on an infant’s growth and development.an infant’s growth and development.

Describes how a typical baby grows in one Describes how a typical baby grows in one yearyear

Classifies the different movements a baby Classifies the different movements a baby makes as reflexes, gross motor skills, or fine makes as reflexes, gross motor skills, or fine motor skills.motor skills.

PATTERNS OF PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Growth and development are different.Growth and development are different. GrowthGrowth refers to changes in size, weight, refers to changes in size, weight,

length. length. DevelopmentDevelopment refers to increases refers to increases and changes in physical, emotional, and changes in physical, emotional, social, or intellectual skills.social, or intellectual skills.

Three basic patterns of physical Three basic patterns of physical development of infants are: head to foot, development of infants are: head to foot, near to far, and simple to complex.near to far, and simple to complex.

PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENTPATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENTHead to footHead to foot Begins long before birth.Begins long before birth. Starts during the prenatal stage when the head Starts during the prenatal stage when the head

takes the lead in development.takes the lead in development. As the baby gets older, control over the whole As the baby gets older, control over the whole

body increases.body increases. Control over the head starts first then downward Control over the head starts first then downward

(neck, arms, hands, legs)(neck, arms, hands, legs)

PATTERNSPATTERNS (CONTINUED)(CONTINUED)

Near to FarNear to Far Development starts close to the trunk of the Development starts close to the trunk of the

body and moves outward. For example, babies body and moves outward. For example, babies move or wave their arms before gaining control move or wave their arms before gaining control to point fingers or move the hands.to point fingers or move the hands.

PATTERNSPATTERNS (CONTINUED)(CONTINUED)

Simple to complexSimple to complex Large muscle groups are developed (legs, Large muscle groups are developed (legs,

arms, neck, arms, and torso – trunk of the arms, neck, arms, and torso – trunk of the body).body).

They begin controlling the head, rolling, They begin controlling the head, rolling, reaching, crawling, and walking.reaching, crawling, and walking.

INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Both heredity and environment play big roles in Both heredity and environment play big roles in baby’s growth and development.baby’s growth and development.

HeredityHeredity (nurture) – physical makeup of traits (nurture) – physical makeup of traits from parents; from parents; nature nature includes influences such includes influences such as nutrition, amount of stimulation, health, and as nutrition, amount of stimulation, health, and relationships.relationships.

During the first year, infants are expected to During the first year, infants are expected to gain certain skills and abilities, these are called gain certain skills and abilities, these are called developmental milestones.developmental milestones.

INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

HeredityHeredity NutritionNutrition – affects bone strength, brain – affects bone strength, brain

development, and height. Baby is at risk development, and height. Baby is at risk if proper nutrition is absent.if proper nutrition is absent.

HealthHealth – is linked to other factors that – is linked to other factors that influence growth and development. A influence growth and development. A healthy baby has more stimulating brain healthy baby has more stimulating brain experiences.experiences.

INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

ExperiencesExperiences: Brain development impacts : Brain development impacts all areas of development, is linked to all areas of development, is linked to quantity and variety of experiences a quantity and variety of experiences a child has. Failure to achieve normal child has. Failure to achieve normal brain development at this stage can have brain development at this stage can have lifelong effects.lifelong effects.

INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Stimulating environmentStimulating environment is one that has a is one that has a variety of things to see, taste, smell, hear and variety of things to see, taste, smell, hear and touch. All they experience is stored in the touch. All they experience is stored in the brain.brain.

Environments lacking stimulation can result in Environments lacking stimulation can result in fewer or weaker connections in the brain and fewer or weaker connections in the brain and delayed or slowed development in other areas. delayed or slowed development in other areas. For example, if a child lacks the exposure to For example, if a child lacks the exposure to language during the first few months of life, language during the first few months of life, their will be fewer connections in the brain, so their will be fewer connections in the brain, so language development can be delayed.language development can be delayed.

What are the Two Types of What are the Two Types of Motor skills?Motor skills?

1.1. Gross (large) motor Gross (large) motor skills.skills.

Involves large Involves large muscles of the body muscles of the body such as those of the such as those of the legs and shoulders. legs and shoulders. Gross motor is Gross motor is associated with associated with running, jumping.running, jumping.

2. Fine (small) motor 2. Fine (small) motor skills.skills.Involve the smaller Involve the smaller muscles of the body muscles of the body such as the fingers.such as the fingers.Require small precise Require small precise movements such as movements such as writing, using scissorswriting, using scissors

RECALLRECALL

1.1. Three patterns of development are..Three patterns of development are..

2.2. What’s the difference between growth What’s the difference between growth and development?and development?

3.3. Identify and explain at least two Identify and explain at least two influences on development.influences on development.

4.4. Give an example of a fine motor skill.Give an example of a fine motor skill.5.5. Give an example of gross motor skill.Give an example of gross motor skill.

ASSIGNMENTSASSIGNMENTSSECTION 7-1 Tracking Infant SECTION 7-1 Tracking Infant

DevelopmentDevelopment NotesNotes Tracking Children’s Development (activity Tracking Children’s Development (activity

sheet)sheet) Article on how to stimulate brain Article on how to stimulate brain

development in babies.development in babies.

7-1 continued7-1 continued

Read page 219Read page 219 On paper provided, use the computer, On paper provided, use the computer,

magazines to locate at least 5 pictures or magazines to locate at least 5 pictures or activities each that develop gross and activities each that develop gross and fine motor skills, glue to paper and fine motor skills, glue to paper and include how they are used to enhance include how they are used to enhance each skill.each skill.

ASSIGNMENTSASSIGNMENTS

SECTION 7-2 Promoting HealthSECTION 7-2 Promoting Health Locate article on Shaken Baby Locate article on Shaken Baby

Syndrome. What is it? How is the baby Syndrome. What is it? How is the baby affected, etc. This must be typed.affected, etc. This must be typed.

Read pages235 – 236Read pages235 – 236 Write notes on “Introducing Solid Foods” Write notes on “Introducing Solid Foods”

and Self-feedingand Self-feeding

7-2 continued7-2 continued Use the internet, magazines to locate at least 5 Use the internet, magazines to locate at least 5

examples of foods to feed babies, and 5 examples of foods to feed babies, and 5 examples of what not to feed babies (explain examples of what not to feed babies (explain why) based on page 236why) based on page 236

Read pages 238 – 239: “Choosing Clothing”Read pages 238 – 239: “Choosing Clothing” Outline each sections using bullets.Outline each sections using bullets. Locate at least 7 pictures of appropriate and Locate at least 7 pictures of appropriate and

inappropriate clothing for babies. Explain what inappropriate clothing for babies. Explain what makes them appropriate or not. makes them appropriate or not.

ASSIGNMENTSASSIGNMENTS

SECTION 7-3 Keeping an Infant Safe and SECTION 7-3 Keeping an Infant Safe and WellWell

Locate pictures of diapering needsLocate pictures of diapering needs Locate items that can be used to treat Locate items that can be used to treat

cradle cap.cradle cap. Locate pictures of bathing needs of Locate pictures of bathing needs of

infants. infants.

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?