Chapter 7 Periodic TableVocabulary Definitions

page 228 in your textbook

1. Periodic Table

• Mendeleev started the table of elements back in the 1870’s by ordering them by their increasing atomic mass

• Moseley solved the problem with the table by organizing them by increasing atomic number

2. Groups

• Are the columns of the periodic table that represent the atoms that share similar physical and chemical properties

3. Periods

• The periods of the table represent the horizontal rows that show the change in orbital that the element belongs to

• Periods 1-7

4. Metal

• Hydrogen is not considered to be a metal it is there column 1A because it has 1 valence electron

• Are in groups 1-12 and 13-15• Is an element that is generally shiny and great

at conducting electrical energy (think Metal Sockets in Machines)

5. Luster

• This is an adjective that describes metals. The ability to reflect light is what makes metals shiny when exposed to light waves.

6. Ductility

• This is an ability that metal elements have to be pulled into thin wires.

• This ability is present in many appliances and other common machines we use that have “plugs” with wires that act as a bridge for the electricity to enter the object

7. Malleable

• This is the ability that an element has to be flattened out into thin sheets.

• Aluminum foil is a good example of the element aluminum representing its physical property to be malleable

8.Alkali Metals

• Are in column 1A of the periodic table• Hydrogen is not an alkali metal• Lithium to Francium

9. Alkali Earth Metals• Are the metals in the 2A column of the

periodic table• From Beryllium down to Radium10. Transition Metals: transition metals are the elements in the middle of the table. Examples are: copper, silver, gold

11. Properties of Nonmetals

• Nonmetals are the elements that share characteristics that are opposite of metals

• If metals are shiny or have luster, then nonmetals are dull and do not reflect light

• Most nonmetals can be classified as gases like Oxygen, Nitrogen, and other gases that make up air.

• They can also solids like Sulfur (powder)

1. Identify the scientific term for rows on the periodic table.

2. Name the scientific term for columns on the periodic table.

3. The ___ increases by one for each element as you move left to right across a period.

4. If an element is group 2A what is it called?5. If an element is group 1A what is it called?6. If an element is in group 7A what is it called?7. If an element is in group 8A what is it called?8. Who are Mendeleev and Moseley in our studies?

12. Halogen

• Halogens are the elements in column 7A that start with fluorine and go down to Astatine

• Halogens are EXTREMELY aggressive elements because they are 1 valence electron short of fulfilling the Octet Rule

• HALLOW-GINS

13. Noble Gases

• These are the elements that are in column 8A• Helium is considered to be a noble gas • Neon down to Radon• These are commonly seen in neon lights,

advertisements for building

14. Metalloids

• They share physical and chemical properties that are a combination of both metals and nonmetals

• For Ex: Metal are good conductors of electricity. Nonmetal cannot conduct electricity because they are insulators. Metalloids are semiconductors (they are ok at moving electricity)