chapter 6 societies to social networks
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 6Societies to Social Networks
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WHAT IS A GROUP?
Group: People who have something in common and believe what they have in common is significant; also called a social group
Society: people who share a culture and a territory
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SOCIETIES AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION
Domestication Revolution : the first revolution , based on the domestication of pants and animals, which led to pastoral and horticultural societiesHunting and Gathering Society – a
human group that depends on hunting and gathering for its survivalUsually NomadicUsually have a shaman: the healing
specialist of a tribe who attempts to control the spirits thought to cause a disease or injury; commonly called a with doctor
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SOCIETIES AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION
Pastoral Society: a society based on the pasturing of animals
Horticultural Society: a society based on cultivating plants by the use of hand tools
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SOCIETIES AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION Agricultural Revolution: the second social
revolution, based on the invention of the plow, which led to agricultural societies
Agricultural Society: a society based on large scale agriculture; plows drawn by animals are the source of food production
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SOCIETIES AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION
Industrial Revolution: The third social revolution, occurring when machines powered by fuels replaced most animal and human power
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SOCIETIES AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION
Industrial Society: a society based on the harnessing of machines powered by fuels.
Postindustrial (Information) Society: a society based on information, services, and high technology, rather than on raw materials and manufacturing.
Biotech - New Type? See page 157 Biotech Society: a society whose economy increasingly
centers around the application of genetics – human genetics for medicine, and plant and animal genetics for the production of food and materials
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GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY Aggregate: individuals who temporarily share
the same physical space but do not see themselves as belonging together (people on a busy street)
Category: people who have similar characteristics (redheads)
Primary Group: a group characterized by intimate, long-term face-to-face association and cooperation
Secondary Group: compared with a primary group, a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity. Its members are likely to interact on the basis of specific statuses
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GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY
In groups: groups toward which we feel loyalty
Out groups: groups toward which we feel antagonism
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GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY
Reference group: a group that we use as a standard to evaluate ourselves (page 162)Expose Us to Contradictory Standards
Social Network: the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together
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GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY
Clique: a cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another; an internal faction
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GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY Electronic Community: individuals who
regularly interact with one another on the internet and who think of themselves as belonging together Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, Chatrooms, ect.
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GROUP DYNAMICS
Group Dynamics: the ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals
Group Size Affects Stability and IntimacyThe Larger the Group…
Greater Diffusion of Responsibility Increase in Formality Division into Smaller Groups
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GROUP DYNAMICS
Dyad: the smallest possible group, consisting of two persons
Triad: a group consisting of three people As Size Increases, So Does Stability As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy
DecreaseCoalitions: the alignment of some members of
a group against othersSmall group: a group small enough for
everyone to interact directly with all the other members
Networking: using one’s social networks for some gain
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LEADERSHIP
Who Becomes a Leader? Leader: Someone who influences other
people Types of Leaders
Instrumental: an individual who tries to keep the group moving towards its goals; also known as a task oriented leader
Expressive: an individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group; also known as a socioemotional leader
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LEADERSHIP
Leadership StylesAuthoritarian: an individual who leads
by giving orders Democratic: an individual who leads by
trying to reach a consensus Laissez-Faire: an individual who leads by
being highly permissive Leadership Styles in Changing
Situations
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GROUP DYNAMICS
Power of Peer Pressure—Asch ExperimentStudy on ConformityPage 171
Power of Authority—Milgram Experiment
Administering ShocksPage 172
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GROUPTHINK - GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES
Groupthink: a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer; to even suggest alternatives becomes a sign of diloyaltyPage 173 ex. NASA , Roosevelt