chapter 6- lesson 1 substances and mixtures · 10/5/2015 · chapter 6- lesson 1 substances and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6- Lesson 1 Substances and Mixtures
• Copy notes on pg 22,24, 26
• Pg 198 Vocabulary and Tasty Pizza goes on notebook pg 21
• Essential Question for these notes is Describe the difference between atoms, elements, and compounds.
• 2 charts to copy into pg 23 and 25. Look for the directions on the slides.
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Lesson 1-1• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space.
• Anything that does not have mass or volume is not matter.
What is matter?
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Lesson 1-2• An atom is a small particle that is the building block
of matter.
• It is the many kinds of atoms and the ways they combine that form the different types of matter.
What is matter made of?
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Lesson 1-3Scientists place matter into one of two groups—substances and mixtures.
Classifying Matter
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Lesson 1-4• A substance is matter with a composition that is
always the same.
• A certain substance always contains the same kinds of atoms in the same combination.
What is a substance?
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Lesson 1-4• An element is a substance
made of only one kind of atom.
• For example, the element gold is made of only gold atoms, and all gold atoms are alike.
• Sodium chloride (salt) is also a substance.
What is a substance? (cont.)
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Lesson 1-4Element symbols have either one or two letters. Temporary symbols have three letters.
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Lesson 1-4What is a substance? (cont.)
• A molecule is two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds and act as a unit.
• In some elements, the atoms are grouped into molecules.
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Lesson 1-4What is a substance? (cont.)
• A compound is a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically joined in a specific combination.
• Because each compound is made of atoms in a specific combination, a compound is a substance.
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Lesson 1-4What is a substance? (cont.)
• Many compounds exist as molecules, but some, such as table salt, do not.
• Sugar particles are molecules because they always travel together as a unit. Salt particles do not travel together as a unit.
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Lesson 1-4• A chemical formula includes the symbols of each
element in the compound and small numbers, called subscripts, that show the ratio of the elements in the compound.
• Sometimes the same elements combine to form different compounds.
What is a substance? (cont.)
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Lesson 1-4Example of Having same Elements- organized different ways to make different substances. Does not need to go in notes.
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Lesson 1-5• A mixture is matter that can vary in composition.
• A mixture is made of two or more substances that are blended but are not chemically bonded.
What is a mixture?
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Lesson 1-6• A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the
substances are not evenly mixed.
• A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which two or more substances are evenly mixed, but not bonded together.
Types of Mixtures
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Lesson 1-6• A solution is another name for a homogeneous
mixture and is made of two parts—a solvent and one or more solutes.
• The solvent is the substance that is present in the largest amount, and the solutes dissolve, or break apart, and mix evenly in the solvent.
Types of Mixtures (cont.)
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Lesson 1-6• Compounds and solutions are alike in that they
both look like pure substances.
• The atoms that make up a given compound are bonded together, which means the composition of a given compound is always the same.
Compounds v. Mixtures
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Lesson 1-6• The substances that make up a mixture are not
bonded together.
• Adding more of one substance to a mixture does not change the identity of the mixture.
Compounds v. Mixtures (cont.)
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Lesson 1-6Copy into Notebook pg 23
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Lesson 1-6• The substances that make up a mixture are not
chemically combined.
• The substances that make up a mixture can easily be separated by physical processes.
• The elements that make up a compound can be separated only by chemical processes.
Compounds v. Mixtures (cont.)
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Lesson 1-6To separate a heterogeneous mixture, you use differences in the physical properties of the parts.
Compounds v. Mixtures (cont.)
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Stephen Frisch, photographer
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Lesson 1-6You can separate some homogeneous mixtures by boiling or evaporation.
Compounds v. Mixtures (cont.)
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Stephen Frisch, photographer
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Lesson 1-6• Matter can be classified as either a substance or a
mixture.
• Matter is classified according to the types of atoms and the arrangement of atoms in matter.
Visualizing Classification of Matter
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Lesson 1-6Copy into notebook pg 25- important to know and study!