Chapter 6- Constitution and First GovernmentNewburgh Conspiracy-The Federalist Papers-Judiciary Act of 1789-Citizen Genet-Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions-Revolution of 1800-1. What was the condition of the Articles of Confederation Congress by the mid-1780s?It became so unpopular and ineffectual that it began to lead an almost waiflike existence.2. Why had people been in favor of the Confederation?They believed they had fought the Revolutionary War to avert danger of what they considered remote and tyrannical authority; and wanted to keep political power centered in the states, where they could carefully and closely control it.3. Why were military men unhappy?Disgruntled at the refusal of Congress to fund their pensions.4. Why did Alexander Hamilton oppose the Articles of Confederation?It had created a weak Central government.5. What was the Annapolis Conference?The Annapolis Convention, formally titled as a Meeting of Commissioners to Remedy Defects of the Federal Government was a national political convention held September 1114, 1786, at Annapolis, Maryland, in which twelve delegates from five statesNew Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginiagathered to discuss and develop a consensus about reversing the protectionist trade barriers that each state had erected. 6. Describe the 55 men who met in Philadelphia from May to September of 1787 to write a new constitution.They represented every states except Rhode Island, they were relatively young and well educated. Most represented the great properties interests of the country, but many feared what one called turbulence and follies.7. What was the Great Compromise concerning the formulation of Congress?States would be represented in the lower house on the basis of population.8. How were slaves to be counted for representation in the lower house?Slaves were counted as as a person in all official votes.9. What was decided about slave trade?Congress would be forbidden to impose a duty of more than $10 a head and would have no authority to stop the slave trade for twenty years.10. How did Constitution define citizenship and list the rights of the people?Citizens of the United States became entitled to the rights guaranteed to them by the Constitution and its later amendments. Among these rights were the right to vote, own property, seek elective office, and to be protected by the laws of the land.11. Who would have the power, the federal government or the states?The Federal government would have power over everything listed in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, but the states would have power over any laws not listed.12. Explain separation of powers and checks and balances.Many centers of power would check each other, preventing any single authority from emerging not only made possible the idea of a large republic, but also helped shape the internal structure of the federal government.13. How did the Constitution protect against excess of democracy?Only members of the House of Representatives would be elected directly by the people; senators, the president, and federal judges would be insulated in varying degrees from the public.14. What was Charles Beards view of the constitution?He thought it was motivated by the personal interests of the founding fathers.15. How was the constitution voted on?Nine of the thirteen states would have to ratify the Constitution; they required to vote yes or no16. Who were the Federalists? Which leading men were Federalists?Federalists wanted to assume all debt and create a strong central government. Alexander Hamilton and John Adams were Federalists.17. Who were the Anti-federalists? Why did they oppose the Constitution?The Federalists/Republicans opposed the constitution because they thought it would give too much power to the federal government and that the states would be powerless.18. Why did Massachusetts, Virginia and New York finally agree to ratify the Constitution?They ratified on the assumption that the Bill of Rights would be added to the Constitution.19. What was the primary activity of the first elected congress?Drafting a Bill of Rights; by early 1789, even Madison had agreed that a Bill of rights was essential to legitimize the new government.20. What was the Bill of Rights?A specified list of the first 10 amendments that describe basic human rights for every American citizen.21. How specific was the Constitution in establishing the Supreme Court and lower courts? Who provided the details?22. Who were the Federalists and Republicans and what were their positions on government?23. Who was Alexander Hamilton and what was his view of things?Alexander Hamilton was the founder of the Federalist party and George Washingtons chief of staff. He wanted to assume the national debt and create a national bank.24. Why did Hamilton feel the federal government should take over the public debt?Hamilton wanted the federal government to take on the debt so he could create a national bank, which would be very profitable. It would make the citizens look to the federal government rather than the state governments.25. Why did Hamilton want to create a large national debt?It would unify the country and promote the Federalist Party. 26. Why did Hamilton want a national bank?A national bank would create credit and stimulate the economy.27. What two new taxes did Hamilton propose?The whiskey tax and the import tax(tarrifs).28. What had happened to the bonds and certificates issued to merchants soldiers, and farmers and what did many people feel was the fair way to repay them?It aroused Americans to action. Henry stated the right to be taxed only by their own representatives, that no taxes should be paid except by those who voted by Virginian assembly; that anyone advocating the right to Parliament to tax Virginians should be deemed as an enemy to the colony.29. What deal was struck between Hamilton and Jefferson?The disbanding of the New York Assembly until colonists complied with the Mutiny Acts, and they levied new taxes on various goods imported from England.30. What argument was made against the creation of a national bank? What was the outcome?The Federalists hought that they should only be taxed with their own consent. The English believed that the Parliament represented the interest of a whole nation while the Americans believed in actual representation.31. Did Hamiltons plan succeed? Who benefited the most?

32. What did the Constitution say about political parties and what was the view of most of the farmers?Washington never wanted the constitution to have political parties; most farmers hated the constitution and were Republicans. 33. Why was the Republican party created? who were its leading members?Jefferson and Madison, it was created to oppose the Federalists and have a party that would give power to the states.34. What was the Jeffersonian ideal?The Jefferson ideal was to create the constitution and bill of rights which had things that the federal government was to dictate; the rest would be up to the state.35. how did the parties differ concerning the French Revolution?The republicans thought the French Revolution was going to happen to the US if they went along with the federal government36. What happened in western Pennsylvania in 1794 and how did the Federal government react?The Whiskey Rebellion; the Founding fathers went to Pennsylvania ready to engage in battle to stop the rebellion.37. What status was given to the Native Americans in the Constitution?They had their reserves but were not American citizens.38. Which conflict did the young United States find itself in the middle of? How did the British abuse the fragile young nation?They had trouble importing goods; the British would not sell their goods to the Americans.39. WHat was the public reaction to Jay's Treaty with Great Britain? Why?People didnt approve of the treaty because they were becoming closer to the place they had rebelled against.40. What did Spain agree to in Pinckneys Treaty?It was a treaty of friendship, and established boundaries of land.41. What happened at sea between the US and France?There was a battle that resulted in the loss of goods that had an affect on the economy.42. What happened in the XYZ Affair and what was the result?It was an affair little known to the public, it failed and the public found out about it.43. What was the purpose of the ALien and Sedition Acts?To stop people from speaking out against the government.44. What arguments did the Republicans make against the alien and Sedition Acts?They said it was a violation of the Bill of Rights and of our rights as an ameircan citizen.45. How was the election of 1800 a dirty affair?The electoral college was not completely candid with its voting.46. What was the unexpected complication that jeopardized Jeffersons election?There was a tie between the two Republican parties running for office.