Chapter 5Objectives:

THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

American Nationalism

After the War of 1812, a strong sense of pride (nationalism) swept the US.

In the last two years of President James Monroe’s presidency, leaders attempted to bind the nation together (American System)

There was only ONE major political party (Federalist were gone)

JAMES MONROE1817-1825

Democrat Republican

Only one dominant political party= Democrat-Republicans

National Pride after War of 1812

America starts to look inward-Unity??

NATIONALISM

Economic Nationalism

Henry Clay’s American System Second Bank – to be created Tariffs – Tariff of 1816 – 1st tariff strictly

for protectionism Improved roads & canals (infrastructure)

–Monroe vetoed certain improvements-not enumerated power!

States and private companies will build most infrastructure (roads) in America.

Judicial NATIONALISM

Judicial John Marshall (Chief Justice) – 3

landmark rulings Martin v Hunter’s Lessee- Supreme

Court ruled it could hear cases from state level.

McCulloch v Maryland- state’s may not interfere with a federal government agency

Gibbons v Ogden- federal government regulates interstate commerce-not states!

These all made the Supreme Court stronger or the federal government stronger (than states)

WHAT TERRITORY DID THE ADAMS ONIS TREATY GIVE

THE US?

1. Louisiana2. Florida3. Ohio4. Texas

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NATIONALISM

Diplomatic (Foreign Policy) Expand the borders

Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain ceded all of Florida to the US

Rush-Bagot Treaty – demilitarized the Great Lakes (US & Britain)

Convention of 1818 –treaty between US & Britain; joint occupation of Oregon.

Monroe Doctrine: the American continents are now off limits to European colonization!

Secretary of State John Quincy Adams

Internal Improvements

Transportation The National Road (Cumberland Road) 1st major roadway built

by US government; 620 miles long between Potomac & Ohio Rivers. (1830’s)—only federal funded road project in that time.

Toll Roads

Canals – The Erie Canal (1825)- 363 miles long; joined NY & Atlantic with Great Lakes

Steam Boats – Robert Fulton/Robert Livingston=Clermont

Steam Locomotives – Iron Horse – Peter Cooper – pushed the settling of the West; made settlement of the west possible.

Industrial Revolution

1st Industrial Revolution- began in Britain in mid-1700’s

Francis Lowell – 1st factory (1814) – textile mill in Mass.; used women & children workers.

Technological Advances Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin – effected the

growth of the Cotton Kingdom Samuel Morse – Telegraph & Morse code Interchangeable Parts – large quantities of

identical parts which are then put into products – these parts can interchange between two of the same product

Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution

Moved from hand tools –skilled artisan to machines ran by unskilled workers

Manufacturers could sale products nationally not just by region

Why America was ready for the Industrial

Revolution by the early 1800’s?

Free Enterprise existed here-encouraged investment, entrepreneurship= industrialization.

Capital existed-no income or corporate taxes

States allowed companies to form corporations= sale shares of stock, limited liability

Northeast had rivers that provided hydropower

CHANGES

Large Cities Grew – factories drew people from farms, immigrants; by 1860 eight cities had 100,000 or more.

Labor Unions evolved

Family Farm – still important

Rise of the Cotton Kingdom – expansion into southwest

Settling of the West – result of the Railroads

Life in Northern Cities

As cities grew because of the industrial revolution, many problems developed: crime, overcrowding, public health problems.

Cities established police & fire departments

Poor sanitation caused illness & death until cities developed sewer systems, garbage disposal, and medical innovation in the late 1800’s.

Men headed the household, women in middle income families were to stay at home.

Higher education for women (1830’s)

Public schools did not exist in many cities, attendance optional, middle & upper class boys attended.

Cities were a haven for run a way slaves

Farms remained the main economic activity in the US (ENTIRE FAMILY worked).

Labor Unions

Industrial boom created a new type of worker= factory worker (1.3 million by 1860)

Workers began to form “Labor Unions”.

Early on, most unionized workers were skilled workers in printing or shoemaking.

Pushed for 10 hour day & higher wages.

Tactics: Strikes (work stoppage).

Courts usually ruled against demands of workers

1840- Federal employees granted the 10 hour workday

1842- Commonwealth v. Hunt- Massachusetts's Supreme Court ruled that strikes were legal in that state.

“COTTON IS KING” – JOHN C. CALHOUN

South – remained agricultural – creating Sectionalism

South had a class structure

Task system – slaves given just a task to finish – small groups

Gang system - huge gang overseen by a slave driver or

Planters

Yeoman Far

mers

Rural Poor/Free Blacks

Slaves

SLAVES Slave Codes – laws basically

gave slaves no rights

Assimilation – used religion, music & language to cope with their situation

Rebellion –

Denmark Vesey – Organized a slave revolt

1831 – Virginia - Nat Turner – uprising killed more than 50 whites

Effects – created stiffer slave codes, more harsh treatment

Slavery was banned in 1808

1850-225,000 free blacks

ABOLITIONISM?

Quakers & Baptists – argued slavery was a sin

Grimke Sisters – whites who became outspoken critics of slavery

WHAT IS THE GROWING DIVIDE BETWEEN THE NORTH

& SOUTH CALLED?

Division

Secti

onalism

Confederation

Nullifi

cation

25% 25%25%25%

1. Division2. Sectionalism3. Confederation4. Nullification

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MANIFEST DESTINY – IDEA THAT GOD HAD GIVEN THE CONTINENT TO WHITES TO

CONQUER Sectionalism

Panic of 1819 – Missouri applies for Statehood

Henry Clay

Missouri Compromise – admit Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state thus keeping balance – would allow slavery in states south of Missouri ***

The Great Compromiser

ELECTION OF 1824ELECTION OF SECTIONALISM

Republican Party – Favorite Sons

Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams Henry Clay William Crawford

Jackson received the most votes but no one got a majority

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE IS NO MAJORITY IN A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION?

1. No one is elected – old president gets to stay president

2. It goes to the candidate with the most3. It goes to the House of

Representatives for a decision4. It goes to the Supreme Court for a

decision

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IT GOES TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES!!

Speaker of the House – Henry Clay

Clay was eliminated because he was 4th

Clay supported Adams & in return Adams named Clay Secretary of State

Forever known as THE CORRUPT BARGAIN

Jackson & supporters so angry they split from the party and formed the Democratic Republicans – calling themselves Democrats

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS

1825 - 1829