Chapter 5-Industrialization-the West-Turn of Century

1. Louis Sullivan was significant to American urban development as:A. the inventor of the flush toiletB. the builder of the first subwayC. the inventor of the elevatorD. an architect, especially of skyscrapers

2. What did critics call men like Andrew Carnegie and Cornelius Vanderbilt?A. entrepreneursB. robber baronsC. captains of industryD. tycoons

3. What was another name for oil prospectors who dug wells looking for oil?A. wildcattersB. linesmenC. wellheadsD. robber barons

4. The Bessemer process affected which of the following materials?A. oilB. steelC. steamD. iron

5. What is the name for an economic system in which private businesses run most industries?A. monopolyB. laissez-faireC. capitalismD. corporation

6. What was the name for large farms that were operated like factories?A. bonanza farmsB. dugoutsC. sod housesD. factory farms

7. Why was Spindletop Hill in Texas an important location?A. It was home to many large steel millsB. It was the largest train depot in Texas.C. It was home to former slaves.D. It was the center of Texas’s oil boom.

8. What piece of legislation broke up most Indian reservations?A. the Morrill ActB. the Thirteenth AmendmentC. the Homestead ActD. the Dawes Act

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9. What battle upset the U.S. Army and strengthened its commitment to removing the Indian threat to westernsettlers?A. Battle of the Little Bighorn B. Sand Creek MassacreC. Wounded Knee Massacre D. Battle of Palo Duro Canyon

10. Which invention encouraged the spread of privately owned cattle ranches?A. the Texas longhornB .barbed wireC. the Comstock LodeD. placer mining

11. Which of the following best describes vertical integration?A. acquiring companies that compete with youB. selling shares of your business as stocksC .gaining complete control over an industryD. acquiring companies that supply your business

12.Which of the following was a side effect of the railroad industry?A. time zones B. electricity C. labor unions D. oil trusts

13. The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organizedA. skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gainsB. all industrial and agricultural workers in “one big union”C. unskilled workers along industrial linesD. workers and intellectuals into a labor party for political action

14. Settlement house workers of the late nineteenth century would most likely have engaged in all of the following EXCEPT(A) establishing day nurseries for working mothers(B) offering literacy and language classes for immigrants(C) organizing women workers into labor unions(D) child care services

15. Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the treatment of American Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century?a. The beginnings of negotiations with individual tribesb. The start of a removal policyc. The abandonment of the reservation systemd. The admission of all American Indians to the full rightsof United States citizenshipe. The division of the tribal lands among individual members.

16. Of the following, which was the most important cause of agrarian discontent in the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?a. The end of free homesteads under the Homestead Act.b. The end of Republican Party efforts to aid farmers.c. The exhaustion of plains soil by poor farming methods.d. The business practices of U.S. railroad companies.

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17 In 1890, the United States Census reported that (A) more Americans lived in cities than on farms (B) more immigrants came from Asia than Europe (C) the United States acquired more frontier land in Alaska D.the frontier was officially closed

18. Which of the following was a theory advocated by the noted historian Frederick Jackson Turner? (A) the frontier experience was overwhelmingly the most significant force involved in shaping American history and character (B) the greatness of America lay ahead as it expanding into Asia and Africa and took up the mantle of a colonial empire (C) the Anglo Saxon race was destined to dominate the world with the United States as the foremost among Anglo Saxon powers (D) urbanization and industrialization had brought about a decline in the strength and ethical morality of the United States as it abandoned traditional agrarian roots.

19. By 1890 the federal government had created a federal Indian policy which sought to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT? (A) assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society (B) encourage Indians to enter agriculture by offering land and citizenship (C) redistribute tribal lands (D) expand the reservation system.

20. The Chinese immigrant experience differed from that of the Europeans in the late 1800s in that (A) most were unattached males (B) most were unskilled (C) many eventually returned to their homeland (D) they were victims of discrimination (E) they were excluded from the United States before 1890.

21. Helen Hunt Jackson’s book entitled A Century of Dishonor (1880) recounted (A) American imperialism and its effects on the middle class (B) discriminatory practices employed by the United States government against African-Americans (C) the atrocities of the Spanish-American War (D) the long record of broken treaties and injustices against American Indians (E) the abuses involving big business trusts in America.

22. A company that buys up other businesses in the same industry is an example of (A) horizontal integration (B) vertical integration (C) a corporation (D) a joint-stock company (E) a conglomerate.

23. The Pendleton Act was enacted in response to (A) efforts to raise tariffs on imported cloth (B) the assassination of President James Garfield (C) protests against civil service examinations (D) complaints about currency deflation (E) the loss of public support for both political parties.

24. Open-range ranching came to an end due to (A) overproduction of beef and declining prices (B) federal support for irrigated agriculture (C) the range wars between cattlemen and sheepherders (D) fencing the plains with barb wire (E) increase in cattle production in the Midwest and East.

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25. “If the gold delegates dare to defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uppermost.” Bryan’s famous Cross of Gold Speech called for (A) the unlimited coinage of silver (B) lower tariffs (C) a revival of greenback paper currency (D) renewed religious commitment for all Americans (E) federal and social welfare programs to deal with the Panic of 1893.

26. The ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest, when applied to business and economic activity, are referred to as (A) Communism (B) Trust Busting (C) Anarchism (D) Dollar Diplomacy (E) Social Darwinism.

27. Around 1920, the number of children aged 10 to 15 in the industrial workforce began to decline for which of the following reasons?(A) The Supreme Court sustained laws barring the interstate sale of goods produced bychild labor.(B) Introduction of the minimum wage made child labor uneconomical.(C) The American birth rate declined, thus reducing the number of children available towork.(D) Factory owners advocated state child labor laws.(E) States began to require children to attend school until a certain age and to limit the ages at which they could be employed.

28. Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were calledA ) p o o l s . B ) t r us ts .C ) reb ate s . D) interlocking directorates.

29. President Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds thatA) the union's leader, Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist.B) strikes against railroads were illegal.C) the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property.D) shutting down the railroads threatened American national security.E) the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.

30. As president, William McKinley can best be described asA) cautious and conservative.B) a man of little ability.C) an active reformer.D) a person willing to buck the majority.

31. Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du BoisA) demanded complete equality for African Americans.B) established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama.C) supported the goals of Booker T. Washington.D) was an ex-slave who rose to fame.

32. In the election of 1896, the major issue becameA) restoration of protective tariffs.B) enactment of an income tax.C) government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression.D) the rights of farmers and industrial workers.E) free and unlimited coinage of silver.

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33. The Morrill Act of 1862A) established women's colleges like Vassar.B) required compulsory school attendance through high school.C) established the modern American research university.D) granted public lands to states to support higher education.

34. The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was theA) New York Central.B) Northern Pacific.C) Union Pacific.D) Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe.

35. Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities exceptA) child care.B) instruction in English.C) cultural activities.D) instruction in socialism.E) social reform lobbying.

36.One of the early symbols of the dawning age of consumerism in urban America wasa. Thedevelopment of factoriesb. B. the Sears catalogc. C. advertising billboardsd. The rise of large department stores

37. A “bird of passage” was an immigrant whoa. came to the United States to live permanently.b. only passed through America on his or her way to Canada.c. was unmarried.d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe.e. flew from job to job.

38. Free coinage of silver was supported by all of the following groups except A. silver-mine ownersB. Southern farmersC. small farmersD. . Eastern Republicans

39. When it was first created in 1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission was designed to regulate A. railroadsB. monopoliesC. manufacturersD. all interstate companies

40. The purpose of the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 was to A. establish the first racial quotas for government jobsB. fill some government jobs on the basis of competitive examinationsC. ensure that appointments to government jobs were approved by CongressD. declare illegal the system of city political machines and boss rule

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41. Montgomery Ward and Sears Roebuck stores were the first to A. include sporting goods departmentsB. allow immigrants to be customersC. provide mail-order catalogues in rural areasD. provide credit for customers

42. During the late 1800s, the most significant effect of the change in incomes upon society was that A. the income of the lower class dropped significantlyB. the middle class grew larger and more prosperousC. the upper class showed little change in its wealthD. "real" wages dropped for everyone, despite a rise in "money" wages

43. Major hazards of the new cities of the late 1800s included all of the following problems except A. firesB. crimeC. povertyD. drugsE. disease

44. In dealing with the huge numbers of immigrants, most cities solved their housing problems by moving the new arrivals into A. subsidized housingB. suburban areasC. tenement slumsD. skyscrapers

45. In the late 1800s, most of the foreign immigrants to the cities A. were quickly absorbed into the American cultureB. established close-knit ethnic communitiesC. returned home after a few disheartening yearsD. soon moved to rural areas

46. The Haymarket Square Riot of 1886 was A. the outcome of a nationwide strike by the Knights of Labor against the railroadsB. an indication to many members of the public that labor was riddled with radicalsC. an isolated incident that did not affect most people's opinion of unionsD. the result of President Cleveland sending in federal troops to break up a strike

47. In its efforts to help workers, the American Federation of Labor sought A. the acceptance of women into the labor forceB. unions organized by industry, with unskilled workers includedC. national legislation regarding collective bargainingD. short-term gains such as pay increases, the eight-hour day, and improved working conditions

48. In the late 1800s, the "new" immigrants to eastern cities tended to come from A. northern and western Europe B. southern and eastern EuropeC. Central and Latin America D. China and Southeast Asia

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49. The philosophy of Social Darwinism appealed to some American businessmen because it justified their belief that A. the law of competition was detrimental to economic lawB. government assistance to big business was justifiedC. labor unions were important partners in a profitable businessD. their business tactics were legitimate

50. The philosophy of Social Darwinism promoted the idea that A. societies become extinct when leaders become dictatorsB wealthy industrialists needed to make charitable donationsC. only the fittest individuals survived in a free marketplaceD. the natural course of social evolution dictated the need for government intervention

51. John D. Rockefeller and other captains of industry engaged in the attempt to create monopolies through all of the following methods except A. poolsB. consolidationC. trustsD. conglomerates 52. The combining of a number of firms engaged in the same business, such as the merging of many different petroleum drilling companies into one company, is an example of A. diversificationB. amortizationC. vertical integrationD. horizontal integration

53. Andrew Carnegie rose "from rags to riches" by A. concentrating on only one aspect of his industryB. diversifying his investments among many industriesC. cutting costs and prices for his productsD. using political pull to get government subsidies

54. The initial development of the steel industry was most significantly aided by the A. development of city skyscrapersB. emergence of the petroleum industryC. invention of Bessemer and open-hearth processesD. rapid expansion of the railroads

55. The 1887 law that tried to force Indians to assimilate into white society by ending tribal ownership of land and distributing it to individual tribe members was the A. Indian Affairs Act B. Wounded Knee ActC. Homestead Act D. Dawes Severalty Act

56. The buffalo were virtually exterminated in the 1860s and 1870s for all of the following reasons except A. the people traveling in the area needed food and suppliesB. the meat industry needed meat for its eastern marketsC. railroad companies hired hunters to kill buffaloD. hunters shot the animals for sport

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57. The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier shaped America by A. killing off many of the most adventurous individualsB. stimulating individualism, nationalism, and democracyC. creating new opportunities for womenD. producing institutions very much like those of Europe

58. To encourage settlement, the federal government passed a law that permitted settlers to buy land for small amounts of money if they lived on that land. The law was called the A. Homestead ActB. Settlement ActC. Farmers' ActD. Township Act

59. One by-product of the development of the railroads wasa. a scattering of the U.S. population.b. fewer big cities.c. the movement of people to cities.d. a reduction in immigration to the United States

60.The United States changed to standard time zones whena.Congress passed a law establishing this system.b.the major rail lines decreed the division of the continent into four time zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.c.factories demanded standard time schedules.d.long-distance telephones required standard time coordination

61.Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action bya. Congress.b. the Supreme Court.c. private lawsuits.d. President Cleveland.e. state legislatures.

62. The Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.

a. Fifthb. Fourteenthc. Fifteenthd. Sixteenth

63. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power ofa. manufacturing corporations. b.labor unions.c. state legislatures. d.railroad corporations.

64.During the age of industrialization, the Southa. took full advantage of the new economic trends.b. remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.c. turned away from agriculture.d. held to its “Old South” ideology.

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65.The South’s major attraction for potential investors wasa. readily available raw materials.b. a warm climate.c. good transportation.d. cheap labor.

66.In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion laborattracted manufacturing to the “new South.”a. textile b.steelc. machine tool d. electrical appliance

67.Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills asa. high-wage positions.b. unacceptable.c. a poor alternative to farming.d. salvation, since the jobs and wages were steady.

68.Which one of the following is least like the other three?a. closed shop b. lockout c. yellow dog contract d. blacklist

69.By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the publiccame to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless,a. labor unions continued to decline in membership.b. the American Federation of Labor failed to take advantage of the situation.c. the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.d. Congress declared the AFL illegal.

70.By 1900, organized labor in Americaa. had temporarily ceased to exist.b. had enrolled nearly half of the industrial labor force.c. was accepted by the majority of employers as a permanent part of the new industrial economy.d. had begun to develop a positive image with the public.

71. Which of the following best accounts for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s? (A) Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen (B) Its organization of all workers within a single industry into one union(C) Its policy of racial inclusiveness(D) Its campaign for a minimum wage(E) Its active recruitment of immigrant workers

72. Around 1920, the number of children aged 10 to 15 in the industrial workforce began to decline for which of the following reasons?(A) The Supreme Court sustained laws barring the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor.(B) Introduction of the minimum wage made child labor uneconomical.(C) States began to require children to attend school until a certain age and to limit the ages at which they could be employed.(D) Factory owners advocated state child labor laws.

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73. President Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds thatA) the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.B) strikes against railroads were illegal.C) the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property.D) shutting down the railroads threatened American national security.

74. Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except A ) ch i ld car e .B) instruction in English.C) cultural activities.D) instruction in socialism.

75.Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans wasA) the vot e .B) rigorous academic training.C) economic independence.D) to directly challenge white supremacy.

76 As president, William McKinley can best be described asA) cautious and conservative.B) a man of little ability.C) an active reformer.D) a person willing to buck the majority.

77. Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du BoisA) demanded complete equality for African Americans.B) established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama.C) supported the goals of Booker T. Washington.D) was an ex-slave who rose to fame.

78. In the election of 1896, the major issue becameA) restoration of protective tariffs.B) enactment of an income tax.C) free and unlimited coinage of silver.D) the rights of farmers and industrial workers.

79. The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880A) had experience with democratic governments.B) arrived primarily from Germany, Sweden, and Norway.C) were culturally different from previous immigrants.D) received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants.

80. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favorA) labor unions. B) corporations.C) state regulatory agencies. D) individual entrepreneurs.

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81.In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War,A) Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers.B) the U.S. army was able to dominate with its superior technology.C) there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides.D) Indians proved to be no match for the soldiers.

82. John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve his domination of the oil industry exceptA) employing spies. B)extorting rebates from railroads.C) using federal agents to break competitors. D)pursuing a policy of rule or ruin.

83. American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention byA) printing hard-hitting editorials.B) crusading for social reform.C) repudiating the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.D) focusing on coverage of the local community and avoiding syndicalized material.E) printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal.

84. The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities wasA) the development of the skyscraper.B) the availability of industrial jobs.C) the compact nature of those large communities.D) the advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements.E) the lure of cultural excitement.

85. President James A. Garfield was assassinated[A] by a political anarchist.[B] because he opposed civil-service reform.[C] by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.[D] as a result of his service in the Civil War.

86. One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it[A] failed to prohibit some of the worst abuses of big business, such as pools and rebates.[B] revolutionized the business system.[C] represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.[D] invoked the Constitution’s interstate commerce clause.

87. By 1900, advocates of women's suffrageA) acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but felt they deserved the vote.B) temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote.C) formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights.D) argued the vote would enable women to extend roles as mothers and homemakers to the public

88. In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of Credit Mobilizer[A] belatedly started to follow honest business practices.[B] sold controlling interest in the company to others.[C] tried to gain immunity by testifying before Congress.[D] distributed shares of the company’s valuable stock to key congressmen.

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89. One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City’s infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was[A] granting immunity to Tweed’s cronies in exchange for testimony.[B] the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast.[C] New York City’s ethics laws.[D] federal income tax evasion charges.

90. In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that[A] segregation was unconstitutional.[B] literacy tests for voting were constitutional.[C] “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional.[D] the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to African-Americans.

91. To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to[A] allow the captains of industry to avoid paying taxes.[B] protect the civil rights of business people.[C] help freedmen to work in factories.[D] avoid corporate regulation by the states.

92 During the late 1800’s, labor unions in the United States had their greatest success ina. persuading the government to limit most immigrationb. . organizing skilled workers into craft unionsc. winning the great majority of strikesd. achieving a legally guaranteed minimum wage

93. According to the theory of laissez faire, the economy functions best when the government1. subsidizes business so that it can compete worldwide2. regulates businesses for the good of the majority3. owns major industries4. does not interfere in business

94. In the late 19th century, Congress tried to limit the power of monopolies by1. creating the Federal Trade Commission 2. strengthening the Supreme Court3. adopting Granger laws 4. passing the Sherman Antitrust Act

95. During the late 19th century, which practices were used by employers against workers?1. boycotts and lockouts 2. picketing and walkouts3. blacklists and yellow-dog contracts 4. mass rallies and sit-down strikes

96. Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the “Gilded Age” to describe the1. end of the practice of slavery 2. absence of international conflicts3. extremes of wealth and poverty 4. achievements of the labor movement

97. During the late 1800s, a major reason labor unions had difficulty achieving their goals was that1. government supported business over labor2. industrialization created better working conditions3. there was a shortage of new workers4. businesses promoted labor officials to management positions

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98. One reason John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan were sometimes called robber barons was because they1. robbed from the rich to give to the poor2. made unnecessarily risky investments3. used ruthless business tactics against their competitors4. stole money from the federal government

99.The group most affected by the new industrial age wasA) Native Americans. B) African Americans.C) women. D) southerners.

100. Americans offered growing support for a free public education systemA) to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial schools.B) when the Chautauqua movement began to decline.C) because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.D) when private schools began to fold.E) as a way of identifying an intellectual elite.

101. Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892?A) government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraphB) free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1C) a one-term limit on the presidencyD) government guarantees of “parity prices” for farmersE) immigration restrictions

102. The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880A) had experience with democratic governments.B) arrived primarily from Germany, Sweden, and Norway.C) were culturally different from previous immigrants.D) received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants.

103. The government outlawing the Indian Sun(Ghost)dance resulted ina. the massacre at Wounded Kneeb. Custer’s last stand at Little Bighornc. the passage of the Dawes Actd. the return of the Apaches to the reservation

104. In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States CongressA) negotiated a restricted-immigration agreement with China.B) did nothing, as it was California's problem.C) passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to AmericaD) sent many Chinese back to their homeland.

105. 13. Nativists wanted toa. group immigrants into their own sections of the city.b. assimilate immigrants into American society.c. limit immigration.d. convert immigrants to Protestantism.

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106. Political machines provided new city dwellers with necessities such as jobs, housing, and police protection inexchange fora. kickbacks.. b. graft. c. votes d. a portion of their wages.

107. 15. By the 1890s, more than half of all immigrants in the United States werea. European Jews.. b. eastern and southern Europeans. c. Chinese d. Japanese.

108. In the late 1800s, the most common form of mass transit in cities was thea. cable car.. b. trolley car.c. horsecar d. subway.

109. 31. The most decisive blow to the Plains Indians came throughA. blizzards and droughts B. the American cavalryC. decline of bison herds D. their failure to accept white culture

110. Railroading in late 19th century provided significant stimulus to all but which of the followinga. agriculture, b.urbanization, c. feminism d. industrialization.

111. Post-Civil War USA, Indians surrendered their lands only when they a. chose to migrate farther west.b. received solenm promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land.c. lost their mobility as the whites killed their horses.d. were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to the reservations.e. traded land for rifles and blankets.

112. _____ presidents have been assassinated, Lincoln was the first, and ____ was the second.a. 5, Grant, b. 4, Garfield, c. 4, McKinley, d. 3, Cleveland

113. During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad baronsA) rejected government assistance.B) built their railroads with government assistance.C) relied exclusively on Chinese labor.D) refused to get involved in politics.E) focused on public service.

114. In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. GrantA) transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote.B) owed his victory to the votes of former slaves.C) gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites.D) demonstrated his political skill.

115. As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggestedA) a policy of deflation.B) a passage of the Resumption Act of 1875.C) stronger federal control of banking.D) inflationary policies.

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116. Political developments of the 1890s were largely shaped by a. The widespread prosperity and federal budget surpluses b. America’s growing involvement in overseas conflicts c. The most severe and extended economic depression up to that time d. The growing black rebellion against segregation and racial oppression e. The deadlock among Republicans, Democrats, and Populists in Congress

117. The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for a. Its emphasis on issues b. Low voter turnout c. Its personal attacks on the two candidates d. A landslide victory for the reform-minded Republicans

118. The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was a. Civil-service reform b. The big trust question c. The currency question d. Foreign policy e. Tariff policy

119. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 declared illegal any contract, trust, or restraint of trade in A. interstate commerceB. manufacturingC. intrastate commerceD. industry

120. During the late 1800s, the federal government had a reputation for A. doing very little to ease growing problemsB. being very active in reform movementsC. being concerned with international affairsD. being stronger than most national governments 121. The Duryea brothers invented the A. first gasoline-driven motor vehicle B. first oil wellC. typewriter D. record player

122. During the last half of the 1800s, the dramatic industrial growth of the United States was caused by all of the following factors except A. an abundance of raw materialsB. new steel production techniquesC. low tariffs on importsD. a large labor force 123. The most important factor in allowing farmers to settle the Great Plains was the A. easiness of farming on the plainsB. decline of cattle ranchingC. the abundance of fertile soilD. transcontinental railroadE. scarcity of Indian attacks

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124. The Haymarket bombing of May 4, 1886, was important to the labor movement because it?:A. aroused public opposition against labor, contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor, and caused an increase in the membership of the AFL.B .brought about the use of collective bargaining to settle labor disputes peacefully.C. demonstrated to unskilled workers their vulnerability to strikebreaking actions.D. began a tradition of federal intervention by U. S. troops.

125. The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades wasA) uniquely American. B) fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels.C) attributable to the closing of the frontier.D) a trend that affected Europe as well

126. In the 1890s, positions for women as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for A) Jews. B) Irish. C) African Americans. D) the college-educated. E) the native born.

127. Which of the following internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States? A) the disintegration of the Chinese Empire B) the seizure of farmland by landlords C) the intrusion of European powers D) all of the above

128. Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was A) Rutherford Hayes. B) William McKinley. C) Chester Arthur. D) James Garfield.

129. In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of political power wasA) Congress. B) the president. C) the federal courts. D) ) the states.

130. When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was A) too risky without government help. B) too costly without government help. C) the railroads would repay the subsidies by paying higher taxes.D) impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help.

131. William M. Tweed was: A. the engineer who invented the electric trolley car B. the leader of the workingmans party C. the architect who designed Americas first skyscraper D. a corrupt party boss in a political machine

132. Many labor unions opposed immigration, arguing that most immigrantsa. had no marketable skills. b. would work for low wages c. would not join a union. . d. did not understand English

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Answers

1. D2. B3. A4. B5. C6. A7. D8. D9. A10. B11. D12. A13. A14. C15. E16. D17. D18. A19. D20. A21. D22. A23. B24. D25. A26. E27. E28. A29. E30. A31. A32. E33. D34. B35. D36. D37. D38. D39. A40. B41. C42. B43. D44. C45. B46. B

47. D48. B49. D50. C51. D52. D53. C54. D55. D56. B57. B58. A59. C60. B61. E62. B63. B64. B65. D66. A67. D68. A69. C70. D71. A72. C73. A74. D75. C76. A77. A78. C79. C80. B81. D82. C83. E84. B85. C86. C87. D88. D89. B90. C91. D92. B93. 4

94. 495. 396. 397. 198. 399. C100. C101. D102. C103. A104. C105. C106. C107. B108. C109. C110. C111. B112. B113. B114. B115. E116. D117. C118. E119. A120. A121. A122. C123. D124. A125. D126. E127. D128. D129. A130. C131. D132. B133.

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