Chapter 5

CPR

Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest

• A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies.

• Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.

Chain of Survival

• Early access

• Early CPR

• Early defibrillation

• Early advanced care

Performing CPR

• Check for responsiveness.

• Open the airway and check for breathing.

• Rescue breaths• Chest compressions

Check for Responsiveness

• Tap the victim’s shoulder and ask if he or she is all right.

• If the victim is not responsive, have a bystander call 9-1-1.

• If you are alone with an unresponsive child or infant, give CPR for 2 minutes (five cycles), then call 9-1-1.

Open the Airway and Check for Breathing

• Open airway with head tilt–chin lift.

• Check breathing: Look, listen, and feel for 5–10 seconds.

Rescue Breaths

• Keep airway open.

• Give two normal breaths.

• Methods:

• Mouth-to-barrier

• Mouth-to-nose

• Mouth-to-stoma

Chest Compressions (1 of 2)

• Two hands for adults

• One or two hands for children

• Two fingers for an infant

• Compression depth

• Adult: 1.5 to 2 inches

• Child or infant: 1/3 to 1/2 depth of the chest

Chest Compressions (2 of 2)

• Adult and child: center of chest between nipples

• Infants: just below nipple line• Five cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths• Continue CPR until:

• AED becomes available• Victim shows signs of life• EMS takes over• You are too tired to continue

Adult CPR (1 of 4)

• Check responsiveness.

• Have someone call 9-1-1 and retrieve an AED if available.

Adult CPR (2 of 4)

• Open the airway using the head tilt-chin lift method.

• Check for breathing.

Adult CPR (3 of 4)

• Give 2 rescue breaths.

Adult CPR (4 of 4)

• Perform CPR.

• Continue cycles of chest compressions and breaths.

Child CPR (1 of 3)

• Check responsiveness.

• Have someone call 9-1-1.

• Open the airway.

• Check for breathing.

Child CPR (2 of 3)

• Give 2 rescue breaths.

Child CPR (3 of 3)

• Perform CPR.

• Continue cycles of chest compressions and breaths.

Infant CPR (1 of 4)

• Check responsiveness.

• Have someone call 9-1-1.

Infant CPR (2 of 4)

• Open the airway by tilting the head back slightly and lifting the chin.

• Check for breathing for 5 to 10 seconds.

Infant CPR (3 of 4)

• Give 2 rescue breaths (1 second each).

Infant CPR (4 of 4)

• Perform CPR.

• Continue cycles of chest compressions and breaths for 2 minutes.

Airway Obstruction• Partial air exchange

• Mild: coughing forcefully• Severe: weak, ineffective cough

• Complete blockage: unable to breath, speak, or cough

• Common causes of obstruction• Tongue, vomit, foreign body,

swelling, spasm

Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child (1 of 4)

• Check the victim for choking.

Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child (2 of 4)

• Locate the navel.

Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child (3 of 4)

• Place thumb side of fist just above the navel.

Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child (4 of 4)

• Place other hand on top of first hand and give abdominal thrusts until object is removed.

Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Infant (1 of 2)

• Have someone call 9-1-1.

• Give five back blows between the infant’s shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.

Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Infant (2 of 2)

• Give five chest thrusts on the infant’s sternum in the same location used in CPR.

• Repeat until object is removed. If infant becomes unresponsive, begin CPR.