chapter 5: classical conditioning: underlying processes s-s vs s-r learning theoretical explanations
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5:Classical Conditioning:Underlying Processes
S-S vs S-R Learning Theoretical Explanations
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3sgR12ZSh8
Two Models of LearningS-R model
::NS US UR
CS UR
S-R LearningSecond-Order Conditioning ::
::After extinction of light No bar pressing
Theoretical Explanations
Stimulus-Substitution Theory CS acts as a substitute for US
“food center” “salivation center”
“light center”
Sign Tracking
Situation where Stimulus-Substitution does not explain events
Jump (UR) Freeze (CR)
Theoretical Explanations
Preparatory-Response Theory CS tells organism to get ready for US
Two Models of LearningS-S model
::NS US UR
CS US
S-S LearningBlocking
US and CS associated
S-S LearningUS Revaluation
:
S-R model
S-S model
Dog : Bite Fear
NS US UR
Dog : Bite Fear
NS US UR
Two Models of Learning
Homeostatic Systems
Theoretical ExplanationsPreparatory-Response Theory
Compensatory-Response Model
Unconditioned response to shock:Shock increased heart rate US UR
First few pairings:Tone:Shock increased heart rate NS US URTone increased heart rate CS CR
After repeated pairings:Tone:Shock increased heart rate NS US URTone decreased heart rate CS CR
Drug Addiction Heroin-related cues: Heroin Decreased blood pressure
NS US UR
Heroin-related cues Increased blood pressure CS UR
Heroin Decreased blood pressure Increased blood pressure
a-process b-process US UR/US UR
Drug Addiction
Heroin-related cues: Relaxing effect Tension a-process b-process
NS US UR
Heroin-related cues tension CS CR
Drug Tolerance
Theories:What causes the learning?
Stimulus-Substitution Theory CS acts as a substitute for US
Preparatory-Response Theory CS tells organism to get ready for US Compensatory-Response Model
Rescorla-Wagner Model
Proposes that the US has a limited amount of associative value, and that this value is distributed among the available CSs
Examples
1. Tone (V=0): Food (Max=10) 10 drops of saliva
Tone (V=10) 10 drops of saliva
Examples
2. [Loud Tone + Dim Light] (V=0) : Food (Max=10) 10 drops of saliva
Loud Tone (V=9) 9 drops of saliva Dim Light (V=1) 1 drops of saliva
Examples
3. [Tone (V=10) + Light (V=0)] : Food (Max=10) 10 drops of saliva
Tone (V=10) 10 drops of saliva Light (V=0) 0 drops of saliva