chapter 5
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CHAPTER 5. The Structure of the Atom. 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy. Today. 460 – 370 BC. 1808. 1897. 1910. 1925. 1870. Democritus Atomism. Crookes Cathode rays. Thomson Discovery of the electron. Rutherford Discovery of the nucleus. Pauli Pauli exclusion principle. Dalton - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 5
The Structure
of the Atom
5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
2 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Today1808 1870 1897 1910 1925
DemocritusAtomism
460 – 370 BC
Dalton“Modern”
atomic theory
CrookesCathode rays
ThomsonDiscovery
of the electron
RutherfordDiscovery of the nucleus
PauliPauli exclusion principle
3 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Today1808 1870 1897 1910 1925
DemocritusAtomism
460 – 370 BC
Dalton“Modern”
atomic theory
CrookesCathode rays
ThomsonDiscovery
of the electron
RutherfordDiscovery of the nucleus
PauliPauli exclusion principle
4 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Today1808 1870 1897 1910
DemocritusAtomism
460 – 370 BC
Dalton“Modern”
atomic theory
CrookesCathode rays
ThomsonDiscovery
of the electron
RutherfordDiscovery of the nucleus
1925
PauliPauli exclusion principle
5 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Today1808 1870 1897 1910
DemocritusAtomism
460 – 370 BC
Dalton“Modern”
atomic theory
CrookesCathode rays
ThomsonDiscovery
of the electron
RutherfordDiscovery of the nucleus
1925
PauliPauli exclusion principle
Do we have
evidence to
support these
claims?
6 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Light is a form of electromagnetic energy that comes from electrons in atoms
The human eye can only detect a certain range of that energy: the visible spectrum.
7 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Light is a form of
electromagnetic energy that
comes from electrons in atoms
The human eye can only detect
a certain range of that energy:
the visible spectrum.
8 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
White light from a lamp or the sun is not truly white!
Analyzing starlight with a prism(one of the first spectrometers)
9 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Visible light is only a small range in the electromagnetic spectrum
10 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
We are surrounded by electromagnetic energy
11 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Remember that light travels as bundles called photons
1 electron volt (eV) = 1.602 x 10–19 J.
A very small unit of energy
Energy of a photon
12 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Wavelength and frequency are related
13 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
The wavelength of red laser light is 652 nm. What is its frequency? How much energy does a photon of this light have in electron volts?
14 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
The wavelength of red laser light is 652 nm. What is its frequency? How much energy does a photon of this light have in electron volts?
Asked: Frequency and energy
Given:
Relationships:
9652 10 m ,c E h
15 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
The wavelength of red laser light is 652 nm. What is its frequency? How much energy does a photon of this light have in electron volts?
Asked: Frequency and energy
Given:
Relationships:
Solve:
9652 10 m ,c E h
9
15 14
8 143 10 / 4.6 10
652 1
4.136 10 4.6 10 / 1.9
0
c m sc therefor
E h e
m
s
es
V s eV
16 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
The wavelength of red laser light is 652 nm. What is its frequency? How much energy does a photon of this light have in electron volts?
Asked: Frequency and energy
Given:
Relationships:
Solve:
9652 10 m ,c E h
9
15 14
8 143 10 / 4.6 10
652 1
4.136 10 4.6 10 / 1.9
0
c m sc therefor
E h e
m
s
es
es VV
17 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
The wavelength of red laser light is 652 nm. What is its frequency? How much energy does a photon of this light have in electron volts?
Asked: Frequency and energy
Given:
Relationships:
Solve:
Answer: Since 1 Hz = 1/s, the frequency is 4.6 x 1014 Hz and the energy is 1.9 eV.
9652 10 m ,c E h
8 14
9
15 14
3 10 / 4.6 10
652 10
4.136 10 4.6 10 .91 /
c m sc therefore
m
e
s
E h e VV s s
18 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
prism
electron
all possible energy levels
Light from an incandescent light bulb:
19 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
prism
electron
fixed energy levels
Light from pure hydrogen:
20 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Hydrogen atoms can only absorb and emit light of very specific energies.
21 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Why does the atom absorb only specific (discrete) energies?
Matter and light
22 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Remember: only some energy levels
are allowed.
Why does the atom absorb only specific (discrete) energies?
Matter and light
23 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Energy levels
Photon(energy)
Energy levels
Energy of the photon matches a gap between levels
Energy (light) is absorbed.
Energy of the photon does not match a gap between levels
Energy (light) passes through the atom.
Matter and light
24 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Energy levels
Photon(energy)
Energy of the photon matches a gap between levels
Energy (light) is absorbed.
another photon is emitted
specific color(wavelength)
Matter and light
25 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Each type of atom has a different electron structure.Each element has unique energy levels like a fingerprint.
26 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Spectrum cards
How to read the
spectrum cards
27 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Combinations of elements contain spectral lines from both.
Spectrum cards
28 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Photon emitted
Photon absorbed
Energy levels
Photon(energy)
Energy of the photon matches a gap between levels
Reemission of light has two steps:
29 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Energy levels
Photon(energy)
Range of energiesEmission spectrum
Absorption spectrum
30 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Visible light is only a small range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
31 5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
Each type of atom has a different electron structure.Each element has unique energy levels like a fingerprint.