Chapter 5Chapter 5

Section ISection I

Nonrenewable energy resourcesNonrenewable energy resources

energy resources that can be used up; that take energy resources that can be used up; that take millions of years to form and are used faster millions of years to form and are used faster that can be replenishedthat can be replenished

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels form from the remains of plants and other form from the remains of plants and other

organisms that were buried and altered over organisms that were buried and altered over millions of yearsmillions of years

CoalCoal

1 – contains at least 50% plant remains1 – contains at least 50% plant remains 2- generates electricity2- generates electricity 3 – current reserves will only last another 250 3 – current reserves will only last another 250

yearsyears

OilOil

produced from microscopic marine organismsproduced from microscopic marine organisms produce gas, fuels, lubricants, plastics, AND produce gas, fuels, lubricants, plastics, AND

FERTILIZERS ($$$$$$)!!!FERTILIZERS ($$$$$$)!!!

Natural GasNatural Gas

produced from microscopic marine organismsproduced from microscopic marine organisms 1 – mainly used for heating and cooking1 – mainly used for heating and cooking current US reserves will only last another 60 current US reserves will only last another 60

yearsyears

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

splitting of heavy elements to produce energy splitting of heavy elements to produce energy (fission)(fission)

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

URANIUM-235 IS THE FUEL FOR FISSION URANIUM-235 IS THE FUEL FOR FISSION REACTIONS IN POWER PLANTS.REACTIONS IN POWER PLANTS.

ADVANTAGES: NO AIR OR WATER POLLUTION / ADVANTAGES: NO AIR OR WATER POLLUTION / SMALL AMOUNT OF FUEL GIVES A LARGE SMALL AMOUNT OF FUEL GIVES A LARGE AMOUNT OF HEAT!AMOUNT OF HEAT!

DISADVANTAGES: RADIACTIVE WASTE MUST DISADVANTAGES: RADIACTIVE WASTE MUST BE MANAGED AND STORED FOR LONG BE MANAGED AND STORED FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME!PERIODS OF TIME!

Section IISection II

Renewable energy resources – energy Renewable energy resources – energy resources that are replaced over a relatively resources that are replaced over a relatively short time – 100 years or lessshort time – 100 years or less

InexhaustibleInexhaustible

energy resources that are constant and will not energy resources that are constant and will not run outrun out

Solar – energy from the sunSolar – energy from the sun

““SOLAR CELLS” used in satellites, SOLAR CELLS” used in satellites, calculators, streetlights, cars, etc. TO calculators, streetlights, cars, etc. TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY!PRODUCE ELECTRICITY!

not readily usable on cloudy days or at nightnot readily usable on cloudy days or at night

Wind Farms – areas with strong Wind Farms – areas with strong enough windsenough winds

windmills and wind vanes create electricitywindmills and wind vanes create electricity few regions of the world have strong enough few regions of the world have strong enough

or steady enough windsor steady enough winds visual pollutionvisual pollution

Hydroelectric - running water Hydroelectric - running water flowing over dams, down waterfalls flowing over dams, down waterfalls

and rapidsand rapids

electricity from damselectricity from dams water wheels for grinding; individual local usewater wheels for grinding; individual local use dams create environment problemsdams create environment problems

Geothermal – energy obtained from Geothermal – energy obtained from Earth’s interior; hot magma or dry Earth’s interior; hot magma or dry

hot rockshot rocks HEAT USED TO MAKE STEAM TO HEAT USED TO MAKE STEAM TO

CREATE ELECTRICITY.CREATE ELECTRICITY. ICELAND / HAWAIIICELAND / HAWAII

Biomass Energy – energy from Biomass Energy – energy from burning organic materialburning organic material

alcohol – corn can be distilled into ethanol and alcohol – corn can be distilled into ethanol and used as a fuel – with or without another fuel used as a fuel – with or without another fuel added to the ethanol. GASAHOL USED IN added to the ethanol. GASAHOL USED IN VIRGINIA.VIRGINIA.

Wood – most commonly used biomass fuel – Wood – most commonly used biomass fuel – burning for heatburning for heat

1 – causes pollution1 – causes pollution 2 – disrupts natural habitats when trees are cut 2 – disrupts natural habitats when trees are cut

downdown

Garbage – trash burning power Garbage – trash burning power plants burn garbage to generate plants burn garbage to generate

electricityelectricity air pollution and toxic ash residueair pollution and toxic ash residue

Section IIISection III

Mineral ResourcesMineral Resources

Deposits of energy resources that can be Deposits of energy resources that can be minedmined

““ORE”: A MIXTURE OF ORE”: A MIXTURE OF PARENT MATERIAL AND A PARENT MATERIAL AND A

VALUABLE, USABLE VALUABLE, USABLE RESOURCE SUCH AS IRON, RESOURCE SUCH AS IRON, COPPER, OTHER METALS. COPPER, OTHER METALS.

METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES:METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES: 1 – minerals that can be mined at a profit1 – minerals that can be mined at a profit 2 – quantities large enough to be worth 2 – quantities large enough to be worth

removingremoving

3 – relatively easy to separate from parent 3 – relatively easy to separate from parent material.material.

4 – has to be in demand – supply and demand4 – has to be in demand – supply and demand

Nonmetallic Mineral ResourcesNonmetallic Mineral Resources

any mineral resources not used as fuels or as any mineral resources not used as fuels or as sources of metalssources of metals

Industrial mineralsIndustrial minerals

sandstone for glass making, halite for table sandstone for glass making, halite for table and road salt, garnet for abrasive sandpaperand road salt, garnet for abrasive sandpaper

Nonmetal Mineral ResourcesNonmetal Mineral Resources

used for building materials including used for building materials including aggregate (for concrete), gypsum (for plaster aggregate (for concrete), gypsum (for plaster and wallboards), and building stone (granite, and wallboards), and building stone (granite, limestone, and sandstone)limestone, and sandstone)

Virginia Mineral ResourcesVirginia Mineral Resources

coal – for fuelcoal – for fuel

Limestone – building stoneLimestone – building stone

gravel – construction (concrete and gravel – construction (concrete and road beds)road beds)

Crushed rockCrushed rock

construction (concrete and road beds)construction (concrete and road beds)

TitaniumTitanium

lightweight, durable (wheelchairs, auto and lightweight, durable (wheelchairs, auto and airplane parts, airplane parts,

non-toxic (repair broken bonesnon-toxic (repair broken bones found in coastal plains – black sandfound in coastal plains – black sand