chapter 4 (the rise & spread of islam)
DESCRIPTION
Form 1 TopicTRANSCRIPT
1
CHAPTER 4
THE RISE AND SPREAD OF ISLAM
“This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My
favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your
religion.”
Surah Al-Maidah verse 3OFF
2
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ISLAM?
Peace and it had existed from the time of JAHILIAHJAHILIAH.
The crescent and star is a symbol widely used by the Muslims today.
The crescent symbolises ‘light’ and the star symbolises ‘guidance’.
Together they represent Islam as giving light and comfort to the Muslims.
OFF
3
FOUNDER OF ISLAM
He was Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
The religion was spread by Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) and his followers during the seventh century a.D.
The religion was founded amidst a lot of lawlessness and crime.
As such the religion was brought in to invite All mankind to obey Allah and to do good deeds.
OFF
4
ARABIA, THE LAND WHERE ISLAM BEGAN
Arabia occupies a large piece of land between the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea.
OFF
5
Most of the land in Arabia is desert land.
There are places where water can be found allowing trees and crops to grow.
These places are called oases.
From earlier times, towns in Arabia sprang up around oases. Arabian town between the
desert and an oasis
OFF
6
PEOPLE OF ARABIANOMADS
BEDOUINS
A CAMEL TRAIN TRADERS
OFF
7
THE PEOPLE OF ARABIA
During the sixth /seventh century, Arabia’s population was made up of two main groups:
People who lived in towns and villages
People who were desert nomads - Bedouins
OFF
8
INFLUENCES ON ARABIA
Arabia was influenced by civilisations and cultures of its surrounding countries.
Traders from these countries often crossed Arabia.
Jewish and Christian ideas spread into Arabia along the trade routes.
People from the neighbouring countries came to settle in many of the oases towns.
Thus the Arab people were influenced by external forces.
OFF
9
THE BEDOUINS
The Bedouins moved from place to place and lived in tents.
They kept animals such as goats, sheep, camels and horses.
The Bedouin tribes often raided towns and villages and attacked travellers crossing the desert.
For protection, travellers often banded together and carried their goods on camels.
They were organised into tribes, each with its own leaders.
The leaders were known as sheikhs.
OFF
10
MAP OF THE LOCATION OF ARABIA IN RELATION TO ITS NEIGHBOURS
OFF
11
THE HOLY CITY OF MEKAH1. Began as an oasis town.
3. Developed into an important trading centre.
2. A religious centre.
4. Tribesmen were descendants of prophet Ibrahim (On Him be bliss and peace).
12
6th Century people had different religions.
KaabahMost important
Place of worship.
Built by Prophet Ibrahim(On him be bliss and peace).
A black stone worshipped by people. Statues and idols of
false gods found.
13
THE KAABAH
The Kaabah is the Qibla for Muslims.
Although Muslims face Kaabah during prayers they do not worship the Kaabah.
Muslims worship and bow to none but Allah.
14
EARLY LIFE OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PEACE BE UPON HIM)
Born in 571 A.D..
Father was a descendant of Prophet Ibrahim (On him be bliss and peace).
Father died before he was born.
At six years old, Mother passed away.
Grandfather Abdul Mutalib and uncle Abu Talib brought him up.
15
As a child, he followed his uncle Abu Talib to Syria to trade.
When he was a grown man, he became a trader.
He travelled to Syria to sell goods for a merchant called Saiditina Siti Khadijah.
When he was 25 years old, he married her.
16
THE BIRTHAND
SPREAD OFISLAM
The birth ofIslam in theHoly City of Mekah ProphetMuhammad received first message from Allah from Angel Jibril.
The Prophetbegan preaching aboutIslam urging people to worshipthe one truegod Allah.
Prophet Muhammad and his followers fled to Yathrib in 622. The name Yathrib was changed to the Holy City of Medinah.
Prophet Muhammadcontinued to spread Islamand established the Islamic state.
ProphetMuhammad led an army to capture the Holy City of Mekah in 630.He died in 632.
17
The Five The Five Pillars Pillars
of Islamof Islam(Rukun(RukunIslam)Islam)
1. The Declaration of Faith(Syahadah)
“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammed is his Prophet.”
2. Prayer (Solat)
3. Almsgiving (Zakat)
4. Fasting during Ramadan
5. The Haj
18
The Six Principles of IslamThe Six Principles of Islam
1. Belief in Allah2. Belief in the Angels
(malaikat)
3. Belief in the Prophets4. Belief in the Holy
Books of Allah
5. Belief in Predestination
(Qada and Qadar)
6. Belief in the Hereafter
19
RASHIDIN CALIPHSEXPANSION OF ISLAM
Sayyidina Abu Bakar632-634
Sayyidina Umar634- 644
Sayyidina Uthman644-656
Sayyidina Ali656-661
After the deathof Prophet Muhammad, the Islamic State was ruled by a series of Caliphs (kings and leaders).
20
THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM IN THE 7TH CENTURY
21
EXPANSION OF ISLAM
Some of the Caliphs expanded the Islamic State into Africa, Europe and much of Asia in the seventh and eight centuries.
Thus the Islamic Empire was created.
Though the Islamic state continued to spread, by the ninth century, the Islamic Empire began to break up.
22
THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM IN THE 7TH AND 8TH CENTURIES
23
THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY
The dynasty declined in the 8th century.
The main reason for the decline was the appointment of members of their family rather than choosing men of talent.
24
THE ABBASID DYNASTY ( 750 – 1258 )
ABU-AL-ABBAS( 750 – 754 )
AL-MANSUR( 754 – 775 )
HARUN-AL RASHID
( 786 – 809 )
Set up capital at Baghdad
Denotes the empire not an just an Arab
Empire but a Muslim Empire.
With his death, theEmpire began to decline.Replaced by the Fatimid Family in 973 and later the Monguls in 1258
25
THE BREAK UP OF THE ABBASID EMPIRE
26
THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE MUSLIM EMPIRE
Translation works and a Common Language
Arabic Literature a wide
variety of ideas and stories from various parts of the empire
Arabic medicine especially in the study of eye diseases and infectious diseases
27
Astronomy – Muslims learnt about the stars and
planets and were also good navigators. Also used astronomy to calculate the start of each month and to work out the time for prayers
The invention of the compass
An astrolabeTo measure theposition of the stars and planets
28
Architecture –Stone and marble walls mosques were built and
these were richly decorated.
Mathematics- Arabs used the Hindu system of numerals. Added the number zero – new developments in mathematics Great Muslim mathematician – Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi ( 780 – 850 )
29
Art – geometric designs - calligraphy with stylised writing of Arabic script
Other areas of Study – in the fields of chemistry known as alchemy,botany, zoology and geography