chapter 4: states of matter heat and the 3 common states of matter
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4: States Chapter 4: States of Matterof Matter
Heat and the 3 common Heat and the 3 common states of Matterstates of Matter
What is matter?What is matter?
Anything that takes up space Anything that takes up space (VOLUME) (VOLUME) and hasand has MASS MASS
EX: water, ice, desk, clothes, skin, EX: water, ice, desk, clothes, skin, flower…and even AIR!flower…and even AIR!
*All things are made up of matter!*All things are made up of matter!
What is matter made up of?What is matter made up of?
All matter is made up of tiny particles All matter is made up of tiny particles called called ATOMSATOMS– An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical
elementelement Atoms are so small that in just one drop of Atoms are so small that in just one drop of
water, there are about 6 sextillion atoms! water, there are about 6 sextillion atoms! (6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) (6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)
What does it look like? What is inside of an What does it look like? What is inside of an atom?atom?
What are atoms made up What are atoms made up of?of?
PROTONS (positive charges) PROTONS (positive charges) – found in nucleusfound in nucleus
NEUTRONS (neutral charges)NEUTRONS (neutral charges)– found in nucleusfound in nucleus
ELECTRONS (negative charges)ELECTRONS (negative charges)– Found in outer shell of nucleus, orbits Found in outer shell of nucleus, orbits
around the nucluesaround the nuclues
The ATOMThe ATOM
Other facts about AtomsOther facts about Atoms Protons + Neutrons = ATOMIC MASSProtons + Neutrons = ATOMIC MASS
There are over 100 different types of There are over 100 different types of atomsatoms
--Some examples: Some examples:
- - hydrogen atomhydrogen atom - Carbon atom- Carbon atom- Oxygen atomOxygen atom - Aluminum atom- Aluminum atom- Nitrogen atomNitrogen atom etc….etc….
*these different atoms have different unique *these different atoms have different unique propertiesproperties
Matter is made of…Matter is made of…
Atoms Atoms MOLECULESMOLECULES
– 2 or more atoms combined (by chemical 2 or more atoms combined (by chemical bonds)bonds)
– Ex: Ex: HH22O (water), O (water),
COCO2 2 (carbon dioxide), (carbon dioxide),
OO2 2 (oxygen we breathe)(oxygen we breathe)
What are the 3 TYPES of What are the 3 TYPES of matter?matter?
ELEMENTSELEMENTS
COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
MIXTURESMIXTURES
What are ELEMENTS?What are ELEMENTS?
Pure substances that contain only Pure substances that contain only ONE type of atomONE type of atom– Made up of the same type of atomMade up of the same type of atom
Cannot be separated into other Cannot be separated into other substancessubstances
Each element has a different number Each element has a different number of protons and electronsof protons and electrons
EX: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Silver, EX: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Silver, Helium, Aluminum…Helium, Aluminum…
Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements
Table to organize the many elements Table to organize the many elements on Earthon Earth
Elements are placed in specific Elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look places because of the way they look and actand act
PERIODIC TABLEPERIODIC TABLE
Parts of the Periodic TableParts of the Periodic Table
Each box tells you Each box tells you – Atomic NumberAtomic Number { {TOP #}TOP #}
(#Protons=#Electrons)(#Protons=#Electrons)
– SymbolSymbol– Element NameElement Name– Atomic MassAtomic Mass { {BOTTOM #}BOTTOM #}
(#Protons + #Neutrons(#Protons + #Neutrons))
Parts of the Periodic TableParts of the Periodic Table Period: (rows Period: (rows
across)across)= = #electron orbitals #electron orbitals (electron shells)(electron shells)
Groups Groups (columns)(columns) = = #electrons in #electrons in outer shellouter shell
Website Website
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html.
Glossary WordsGlossary Words MatterMatter AtomAtom
ProtonProton NeutronNeutron ElectronElectron MoleculeMolecule ElementElement
Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements
For the elements…For the elements… A) HydrogenA) Hydrogen
B) HeliumB) Helium C) Rubidium C) Rubidium
IDENTIFYIDENTIFY ProtonsProtons Atomic numberAtomic number ElectronsElectrons Atomic massAtomic mass NeutronsNeutrons Group numberGroup number electron orbitalselectron orbitals Period numberPeriod number electrons in its outer shellelectrons in its outer shell
What element is this?What element is this?
Fluorine
A)
B)
C)
1)Group number2)Period number3)Atomic number4)Element
symbol and name
What are the properties of What are the properties of this element?this element?
FindFind Atomic numberAtomic number ProtonsProtons ElectronsElectrons Element name and symbolElement name and symbol Atomic massAtomic mass NeutronsNeutrons GroupGroup PeriodPeriod Number of electron orbitalsNumber of electron orbitals Number of electrons in outer Number of electrons in outer
shellshell
Atomic numberAtomic number ProtonsProtons ElectronsElectrons Element name and symbolElement name and symbol Atomic massAtomic mass NeutronsNeutrons GroupGroup PeriodPeriod Number of electron Number of electron
orbitalsorbitals Number of electrons in Number of electrons in
outer shellouter shell