Chapter 6:The Road to Revolution

Test Date: 10/14Study Session 10/14 8:00 AM

Table of ContentsComplete the following as they are assigned throughout the chapter. Use this packet to prepare for your test.√_____”A Taxing King” Page 1_____Section 6-1 Page 2, 3, 4, 5_____Section 6-2 Page 6, 7, 9, 10_____”Recognizing Propaganda” Page 8_____Section 6-3 Page 11, 12, 11, 12_____Poem “Paul Revere’s Ride” Page 13-15_____April Morning Ques. Page 21-22_____Section 6-4 Pages 16, 17, 18, 19, 20_____ Primary Source: Declaration of Independence Page 23, 24,

25_____CH 6 Review Page 26, 27, 28_____CH 6 Graphic Organizers Page 29, 30

***********************************************************************************

RUBRICAll assignments should be neat and complete. All work should be detailed and thoughtful. Answers must contain at least eight (8) words.Assignments should be written IN PEN and corrections made in RED PEN********************************************************************************************************

THE ROAD TO REVOLUTIONProclamation of 1763Quartering ActSugar ActStamp ActDeclaratory ActTownshend Acts“Boston Massacre”Boston Tea PartyIntolerable ActsLexington and ConcordDeclaration of Independence

Packet:_______________/20

SHOW EFFORT!

****************************************************************************************** Essential Question: How does conflict create change?

A Taxing KingAnswer the following as you read the article. Some answers will be found in the side stories.

1. What are the two types of ministers?

2. What created part of the problem in regard to the English leaders’ views of the colonists?

3. What was William Pitt’s view of taxing the colonies?

4. What problems did George III have?

5. Why did the colonists get nervous and angry when Parliament started demanding taxes from them?

6. What is the basic idea behind mercantilism?

7. How did the colonists respond to the Townshend taxes? Which group demanded their repeal?

8. What did the colonists do in response to the tax on tea?

9. How did King George punish the citizens of Boston?

10. Why did this have such a big impact on the people of Boston?

11. How did the other colonies respond?

12. What idea about government did John Rutledge get from the Iroquois?

Chapter 6-1 Tighter British Control

The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart1. (pink) Why did the British pass the Proclamation of 1763? Problems arose between Britain and the colonies after the French and Indian War. Before the war, theAmerican colonies had been allowed to grow largely on their own. But after the war, Parliament passed new laws. These laws were passed to help Britain govern its new territories as well as the original 13 colonies. Parliament is Britain’s main lawmaking body. It is similar to the American Congress.

One of these laws was the Proclamation of 1763.It said the colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains. Britain wanted this land to remain with the Native Americans in order to prevent conflicts with them. The Proclamation angered many colonists. They settled the area anyway.

2. (yellow) Why did the British Parliament pass the Proclamation of 1763?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

British Troops and Taxes3. (pink) Why did Parliament pass the Sugar Act?

King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763 to keep peace with the Native Americans. As a result, he decided to keep British troops in North America. In 1764, Parliament also passed the Quartering Act. This

Terms and NamesKing George III King of England during the American Revolution

Quartering Act Law that required the colonies to house and supply British soldiers

revenue Government income

Sugar Act British tax on imported sugar and molasses

Stamp Act Law that taxed many printed materials in the colonies

Patrick Henry A member of the Virginia House of Burgesses who opposed British taxes

boycott Refusal to buy goods

Sons of Liberty A secret society organized to oppose British policies

BEFORE YOU READ*In the last chapter, you read about how the British and their American colonists pushed the French out of North America.

*In this section, you will read about British actions to gain more control over the colonies. This caused the colonies and Britain to grow apart.

5 Finger Summary

law said that colonists had to supply and quarter, or house, British troops.

The British had spent a lot of money on the French and Indian War. Britain needed revenue, or income, to help pay for the war and to keep troops in the colonies. In 1764, Parliament passed the Sugar Act . This law placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies. Before this law, the king had always asked colonial assemblies to approve colonial taxes. But this time Parliament voted to tax the colonists directly.

Some colonists felt that Britain had no right to tax them because they had no representation in Parliament. The colonists felt that this was against their rights as British citizens.

4. (yellow) Why did the Sugar Act make some colonists angry?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Britain Passes the Stamp Act

5. (pink) What was the Stamp Act?

In 1765, Parliament passed the Stamp Act. This law made the colonists buy and place stamps on many goods such as diplomas, contracts, and newspapers. The Sugar Act mainly affected merchants. But the Stamp Act affected all colonists. Colonial leaders, such as Patrick Henry , protested, They believed that they were being taxed unfairly because they had no voice in Parliament.

Colonists’ Responses

6. (yellow) How was the Stamp Act different from the Sugar Act?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Colonies Protest the Stamp Act7. (pink) How did the colonists protest the Stamp Act?

Colonial assemblies protested “taxation without representation.” They sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York City. The delegates drew up a petition to the king to protest the Stamp Act. They said that only the colonial assemblies—not Parliament—could tax the colonies.

Colonial merchants protested by calling for a boycott of British goods. A boycott is a refusal to buy goods. Some colonists formed secret groups to protest British policies. The Sons of Liberty was the most famous of these groups.

Parliament finally realized that the Stamp Act was a mistake. It repealed the law in 1766. But then it passed the Declaratory Act. This act said that Parliament had the right to govern and tax the colonies.

8. (yellow) Why did colonial assemblies send delegates to the Stamp Act Congress?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.1 Guided ReadingA.Solving Problems As you read this section, fill in the second column of the

chart below with more details about the British attempts to solve their problems. In the third column, explain how the colonists responded to each of those solutions.

Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions1. Preventing Native American

uprisingsProclamation Act (1763):

2. Keeping peace in the American colonies

Quartering Act (1765):

3. Paying for war debts Sugar Act (1764):

Stamp Act (1765):

4. Maintaining power over the American colonies

Declaratory Act (1766):

6.1 Progress Check ActivityAnalyzing Points of View

Write C in the blank if the phrase describes the colonists, or B if the phrase describes the British in the years after the French and Indian War.

_____1. Enacted the Proclamation of 1763 to stop settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

_____2. Forced to house soldiers under the Quartering Act

_____3. Forced to buy stamps for legal papers and other items

_____4. Opposed taxation without representation

_____5. Organized the Stamp Act Congress

_____6. Organized a boycott to protest tax policies

_____7. Organized secret societies such as the Sons of Liberty

_____8. Repealed the Stamp Act in response to merchants’ complaints

_____9. Passed the Declaratory Act regarding the making of laws for the colonies

_____10. Burned stamped paper and covered customs officials with hot tar and feathers

Chapter 6-2 Colonial Resistance Grows

Before You Read*In the last section, you read about the growing tension between Britain and the colonies.

*In this section, you will learn how the colonists organized more protests against British policies

TERMS AND NAMES Townshend Acts Plan passed by Parliament in 1767 to help raise revenue in the colonieswrit of assistance Search warrant Samuel Adams Founder of the Sons of LibertyCrispus Attucks African American killed by British soldiers in the Boston MassacreBoston Massacre Conflict between colonists and British soldiers in which five colonists were killedJohn Adams A cousin of Samuel Adams and a lawyer who defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacrecommittee of correspondence A group that exchanged letters on colonial affairs with similar groupsBoston Tea Party Protest against the Tea Act in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor

The Townshend Acts Are Passed9. (pink) What were the Townshend Acts?

Parliament canceled the Stamp Act. But it still needed to raise money to pay its expenses inAmerica. Charles Townshend, the king’s finance minister, suggested the Townshend Acts . They were passed in 1767.

One of the Townshend Acts stopped New York’s legislative assembly from meeting until the colonists agreed to house British troops. Another act placed taxes on certain goods brought into the colonies. The money raised would help to pay the salaries of British officials in the colonies. To enforce these laws, British officers used writs of assistance. These were search warrants used to enter homes or businesses to find smuggled goods.

10. (yellow) Why were the Townshend Acts passed?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Reasons for Protest

11 (pink) How did colonists react to the Townshend Acts?

New Yorkers were angry that their assembly could not meet. Other colonists were upset about the new taxes. They did not think that Parliament had the right to tax the colonies directly.

The writs of assistance also angered many colonists. They felt that the Townshend Acts threatened their rights and freedoms.

12. (yellow) Why were colonists against the Townshend Acts?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tools of Protest12 (pink) How did colonists protest the Townshend Acts?

Colonists in Boston decided to protest the Townshend Acts. They called for another boycott of British goods. Samuel Adams , a leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty, led the protest.

The boycott continued to spread throughout the colonies. The Sons of Liberty asked shopkeepers not to sell goods made in Britain. The Daughters of Liberty urged colonists to weave their own cloth and to use American goods. Trade with Britain dropped.

Some colonial leaders called for peaceful protests.But riots broke out when British officials tried to search the merchant ship Liberty. The officials thought the ship was carrying smuggled goods. British officials reacted by calling for more British troops to be sent to Boston.

13. (yellow) How did some colonial leaders protest the Townshend Acts?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Boston Massacre

14 (pink) What was the Boston Massacre?

In 1768, about 1,000 British soldiers arrived in Boston. British soldiers were poorly paid. As a result, they hired themselves out as workers. They usually accepted less pay than American workers. The colonists disliked this because it took jobs away from Americans.

There was growing tension between British soldiers and colonists. On March 5, 1770, violence broke out between British soldiers and some colonists, including Crispus Attucks, an African- American sailor. The British soldiers fired at the colonists. Attucks and four other men were killed.

Colonial leaders called the shooting the Boston Massacre. They said that the five colonists gave their lives for freedom. The British soldiers involved in the shooting were arrested for murder. John Adams , a cousin of Samuel Adams and a lawyer, defended the soldiers in court. He believed that the soldiers acted in self-defense. The jury agreed.

15 (yellow) What events led to the Boston Massacre?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Describe what you see in this engraving of the Boston Massacre by Paul Revere.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17. How does this compare to what really happened?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Tea Act21 (pink) Why were colonists angry about the Tea Act? After the Boston Massacre, Parliament did away with all taxes except the one on tea. For most colonists, the trouble was over.

Samuel Adams, however, wanted to make sure that the colonists continued to work for freedom. He helped to form committees of correspondence in various towns in Massachusetts. These groups wrote letters to one another about colonial matters. Soon these committees exchanged letters with committees formed in other colonies.

In 1773, Britain passed the Tea Act. This law gave a British company the right to control all the trade in tea. The tea would come to the colonies in the company’s ships. It would then be sold there by the company’s merchants. In addition, colonists would still have to pay the tax on the tea. This angered colonial merchants and other colonists.

22 (yellow) What did the Tea Act say?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Boston Tea Party23 (pink) What was the Boston Tea Party? Many colonists protested the Tea Act. On December 16, 1773, a group of colonists in Boston dressed as Native Americans. They boarded three tea ships.They dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor. This event became known as the Boston Tea Party .

Many colonists believed that Britain would now see how much they were against being taxed without representation. Some colonial leaders offered to pay for the tea if Parliament would agree to end the Tea Act. Parliament turned down the offer. It wanted the colonists to pay for the tea. It also wanted the people responsible to be brought to trial.

24 (yellow) Why did several colonists dump tea into Boston Harbor?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.2 Guided ReadingA. Finding Main Ideas As you read pages 164–165 of this section, fill in the cluster

diagrams with historical events, examples, or people that relate to the main idea questions below.

1. What were the reasons for colonial protest?

B. Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects Fill out the cause-and-effect diagram to analyze the following British actions.

Effects

Effects

C. Forming and Supporting Opinions Fill in the chart to explain why you either approve or disapprove of the Boston Tea Party as a method of protest.

6.3 The Road to Lexington and Concord

2. What were the tools of colonial protest?

Causes

1. Boston Massacre

Causes

2. Tea Act

1. Your Opinion of the Boston Tea Party

2. Supporting Reasons a.b.c.

Before You Read

*In the last section, you learned how colonists protested British policies.*In this section, you will read about the events that led to war between the colonists and Britain.

The Intolerable Acts25 (pink) What were the Intolerable Acts? The Boston Tea Party made British leaders intolerant. In 1774, Parliament passed a group of laws to punish the Massachusetts colony. The laws were so harsh that the colonists called them the Intolerable Acts .

One of the laws closed Boston Harbor until the colonists paid for the destroyed tea. Another law banned the committees of correspondence. Still another law allowed Britain to house troops wherever it wanted to.

Other colonies offered Massachusetts their support. They sent supplies to Boston. The committees of correspondence also called for a meeting of all colonies. This meeting would decide what to do about the problems with Britain.

26 (yellow) Why did Britain pass the Intolerable Acts?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________First Continental Congress Meets

27. (pink) What was the First Continental Congress? In September 1774, representatives from all the colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia. This was the First Continental Congress . The representatives voted to stop all trade with Britain until Parliament canceled the Intolerable Acts. They also told each colony to start training troops to prepare for possible fighting with Britain. They agreed to meet again in several months, if necessary.

28 (yellow) What did representatives at the First Continental Congress agree to do?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Between War and Peace29 (pink) What was the colonists’ next step?

The colonial boycott of British goods did not force Parliament to cancel the Intolerable Acts. Instead, Britain placed even more limits on colonial trade. It also sent more troops to the colonies. By the end of 1774, some colonists formed militias to prepare for an attack. A militia was a force of armed civilians who pledged to defend their community. Some of the militia were Minutemen. They were called Minutemen because they were trained to be ready to fight at a minute’s notice.

Most colonial leaders did not expect a war with Britain. They believed that any fighting with Britain would be short. They thought that Britain would change its policies when it realized that colonists were willing to use force.

Terms and Names

Intolerable Acts Laws passed by Parliament punishing Massachusetts for the Boston Tea PartyFirst Continental Congress Meeting held by the colonies in Philadelphia in 1774 to decide what to do about the problems with Britainmilitia A force of armed civilians who pledge to defend their communityMinuteman A colonist who could be ready to fight at a minute’s noticePaul Revere A patriot who helped warn colonists about British movementsLexington and Concord Sites of the first battles of the Revolutionary WarLoyalist A colonist who was loyal to Britain

30 (yellow) Why did some colonists form militias?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Midnight Ride32 (pink) How were colonists warned about British movements?

Samuel Adams had spies to keep track of Britishactivities. The British also had spies. Their spies were Americans who were loyal to Britain. These spies learned that colonists in Massachusetts were storing guns and ammunition in Concord, about 20 miles outside of Boston.

The British also found out that Samuel Adams and John Hancock, another colonial leader, were in Lexington, a few miles east of Concord. The British ordered the two colonial leaders arrested. The British also wanted the guns and ammunition in Concord to be destroyed.

The Sons of Liberty were prepared. They had Paul Revere, a silversmith, and a second messenger, William Dawes, ready to spread the news about British troop movements.

On the night of April 18, 1775, Revere and Dawes galloped over the countryside warning the colonists. In Lexington they were joined by Dr. Samuel Prescott. Revere and Dawes were stopped by a British patrol. But Prescott broke away and warned the colonists in Concord.

32 (yellow) What did Revere, Dawes, and Prescott do?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lexington and Concord33 (pink) What happened at Lexington and Concord?

On April 19, 1775, several hundred British troops reached Lexington. There they found about 70militiamen waiting. The British commander ordered the militia to drop their weapons. They refused.Someone fired a shot, and within minutes eight Americans lay dead.

The British then moved to Concord. There they destroyed colonial supplies. A battle broke out, and the militia forced the British to retreat. About 4,000 Minutemen and militia lined the road from Concord to Lexington. As the British retreated to Boston, the colonial militia fired on them.

Lexington and Concord were the first battles of the Revolutionary War. Colonists were now forced to choose sides. Those who supported the British were called Loyalists. Those who sided with the colonial rebels were called Patriots.

34 (yellow) Why were the battles at Lexington and Concord important?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paul Revere’s Rideby Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

The most popular American poet of his time, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) told the story of Paul Revere’s famous ride in this poem. Revere’s ride took place on April 18, 1775. His job was to spread news about British troop movements. Longfellow’s poem was first published in 1863, nearly 90 years after the event. The poem’s historical accuracy has been questioned, but Longfellow nevertheless turned Paul Revere into a legend.

Listen my children and you shall hearOf the midnight ride of Paul Revere,On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;Hardly a man is now aliveWho remembers that famous day and year.

Literature Selection

He said to his friend, "If the British marchBy land or sea from the town to-night,Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry archOf the North Church tower as a signal light,--One if by land, and two if by sea;And I on the opposite shore will be,Ready to ride and spread the alarmThrough every Middlesex village and farm,For the country folk to be up and to arm."

Then he said "Good-night!" and with muffled oarSilently rowed to the Charlestown shore,Just as the moon rose over the bay,Where swinging wide at her moorings layThe Somerset, British man-of-war;A phantom ship, with each mast and sparAcross the moon like a prison bar,And a huge black hulk, that was magnifiedBy its own reflection in the tide.

Meanwhile, his friend through alley and streetWanders and watches, with eager ears,Till in the silence around him he hearsThe muster of men at the barrack door,The sound of arms, and the tramp of feet,And the measured tread of the grenadiers,Marching down to their boats on the shore.

Then he climbed the tower of the Old North Church,By the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread,To the belfry chamber overhead,And startled the pigeons from their perchOn the sombre rafters, that round him madeMasses and moving shapes of shade,--By the trembling ladder, steep and tall,To the highest window in the wall,Where he paused to listen and look downA moment on the roofs of the townAnd the moonlight flowing over all.

Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead,In their night encampment on the hill,Wrapped in silence so deep and stillThat he could hear, like a sentinel's tread,The watchful night-wind, as it wentCreeping along from tent to tent, And seeming to whisper, "All is well!"A moment only he feels the spellOf the place and the hour, and the secret dreadOf the lonely belfry and the dead;For suddenly all his thoughts are bentOn a shadowy something far away,Where the river widens to meet the bay,--

A line of black that bends and floatsOn the rising tide like a bridge of boats.

Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride,Booted and spurred, with a heavy strideOn the opposite shore walked Paul Revere.Now he patted his horse's side,Now he gazed at the landscape far and near,Then, impetuous, stamped the earth,And turned and tightened his saddle girth;But mostly he watched with eager searchThe belfry tower of the Old North Church,As it rose above the graves on the hill,Lonely and spectral and sombre and still.And lo! as he looks, on the belfry's heightA glimmer, and then a gleam of light!He springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns,But lingers and gazes, till full on his sightA second lamp in the belfry burns.

A hurry of hoofs in a village street,A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark,And beneath, from the pebbles, in passing, a sparkStruck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet;That was all! And yet, through the gloom and the light,The fate of a nation was riding that night;And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight,Kindled the land into flame with its heat.He has left the village and mounted the steep,And beneath him, tranquil and broad and deep,Is the Mystic, meeting the ocean tides;And under the alders that skirt its edge,Now soft on the sand, now loud on the ledge,Is heard the tramp of his steed as he rides.

It was twelve by the village clockWhen he crossed the bridge into Medford town.He heard the crowing of the cock,And the barking of the farmer's dog,And felt the damp of the river fog,That rises after the sun goes down.

It was one by the village clock,When he galloped into Lexington.He saw the gilded weathercockSwim in the moonlight as he passed,And the meeting-house windows, black and bare,Gaze at him with a spectral glare,As if they already stood aghastAt the bloody work they would look upon.

It was two by the village clock,When he came to the bridge in Concord town.

He heard the bleating of the flock,And the twitter of birds among the trees,And felt the breath of the morning breezeBlowing over the meadow brown.And one was safe and asleep in his bedWho at the bridge would be first to fall,Who that day would be lying dead,Pierced by a British musket ball.

You know the rest. In the books you have readHow the British Regulars fired and fled,---How the farmers gave them ball for ball,>From behind each fence and farmyard wall,Chasing the redcoats down the lane,Then crossing the fields to emerge againUnder the trees at the turn of the road,And only pausing to fire and load.

So through the night rode Paul Revere;And so through the night went his cry of alarmTo every Middlesex village and farm,---A cry of defiance, and not of fear,A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door,And a word that shall echo for evermore!For, borne on the night-wind of the Past,Through all our history, to the last,In the hour of darkness and peril and need,The people will waken and listen to hearThe hurrying hoof-beats of that steed,And the midnight message of Paul Revere.

Main Ideas1. What is the setting of this poem, and who are its main characters?

2. What was Revere’s plan for announcing the movement of the British troops?

Critical Thinking3. Comparing and Contrasting How does the account in this poem differ from the account of Revere’s ride in the text? Explain.

4. Drawing Conclusions What do the last lines of the poem reveal about Longfellow’s purpose for writing it?

6.4 Declaring IndependenceBefore You Read*In the last section, you read about the events that led to fighting at Lexington and Concord.

*In this section, you will read about events that resulted in the Declaration of Independence.

The Continental Army Is Formed35 (pink) What happened after Lexington and Concord?

What happened after Lexington and Concord? After the battles at Lexington and Concord, about 20,000 militiamen from other colonies gathered around Boston. As a result, the British moved back into the city. Boston was nearly surrounded by water, which would make it hard for the colonists to attack.

Meanwhile, colonial militia were active in other areas. On May 10, 1775, Americans attacked the British Fort Ticonderoga in New York. Ethan Allen and a group known as the Green Mountain Boys captured the fort and its artillery, or cannon.

Also on May 10, colonial leaders met in Philadelphia at the Second Continental Congress . At this meeting, they made George Washington the commanding general of the Continental Army .

36 (yellow) Who was chosen to be the head of the Continental Army?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Battle of Bunker Hill

37 (pink) What happened at the Battle of Bunker Hill? Tensions increased around Boston. The colonial militia seized Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill in Charlestown, outside Boston.

The militia built fortified positions on Breed’s Hill.When the British marched up the hill, the militia fired at them. The British fell back but then charged again, forcing the militia off the hill. Although the British won, they suffered huge losses.

38 (yellow) What were the results of the Battle of Bunker Hill?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A Last Attempt at Peace39 (pink) How did the Americans try to avoid war? Most colonists still hoped for peace. Colonial leaders sent the Olive Branch Petition to the king. This document asked the king to restore peace between Britain and the colonies. The king rejected the petition.

In the summer of 1775, Washington arrived in Boston and began to train the army. In the fall, he approved a plan to invade Canada. Benedict Arnold led the attack on Canada in the winter of 1775. But the attack failed, and the Americans returned home.

40 (yellow) How did the British king respond to the Olive Branch Petition?

Terms and NamesEthan Allen Leader of the Green Mountain Boys who helped to capture Fort Ticonderogaartillery Cannon and large guns

Second Continental CongressMeeting held in Philadelphia in 1775Continental Army The name of the American armyBenedict Arnold Colonial leader who played a part in the victory at Fort Ticonderoga and who helped in a failed invasion of CanadaDeclaration of Independence Document that said the colonies were independentThomas Jefferson Writer of the Declaration of Independence

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The British Retreat from Boston

41 (pink) Why did British troops leave Boston? The Continental Army surrounded British forces in Boston. Cannon and other weapons were brought in to help the Continental Army. Armed with these heavy guns, Washington moved his troops to a place overlooking Boston. The British moved out of Boston because of this threat.

More than 1,000 Loyalists left with the British.Feelings against Britain were so strong in Boston that the Loyalists did not feel safe.

42 (yellow) How was the Continental Army able to force British troops out of Boston?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Common Sense Is Published43 (pink) What was Common Sense? In early 1776, most Americans still wanted to be a part of Britain. But Thomas Paine, an English immigrant, helped to change their minds. Paine published Common Sense. This was a pamphlet in which he argued for independence from Britain.

He believed that all kings and queens were dishonest. He also did not agree that staying with Britain would be better for the American economy. He said America should follow its own destiny.

Common Sense sold more than 100,000 copies in three months.

44 (yellow) What was Common Sense important?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A Time of Decision45 (pink) What did the Continental Congress do? On June 7, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduced an important resolution. It said that all political ties between the colonies and Britain were ended.

Some of the representatives in Congress were not ready to vote on the resolution. But they did set up a committee to write a Declaration of Independence . The committee assigned Thomas Jefferson the job of writing the Declaration.

On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress considered Lee’s resolution again. This time the resolution passed, and the colonies considered themselves independent.

46 (yellow) What resolution did the Continental Congress pass on July 2, 1776?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Declaration Is Adopted47 (pink) What ideas did the Declaration of Independence include? The Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Declaration is based on the ideas of John Locke, a British philosopher. He said that people have certain rights that a government cannot take away.

In the Declaration, Jefferson explained that when a government doesn’t protect the rights of its citizens it loses its right to govern. The people then have the right to change the government. The Declaration also listed the reasons for breaking with Britain and then declared the colonies to be independent states.

48 (yellow) What did Jefferson think should happen to a government that does not protect people’s rights?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.4 Guided ReadingA. Categorizing As you read this section, fill in the chart below with information about

Americans’ political and military actions at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.

Political Actions Outcomes

1. Second Continental Congress meets (May 1775).

2. Congress drafts the Olive Branch Petition (July 1775).

Military Actions Outcomes

3. Americans attack Fort Ticonderoga (May 1775).

4. Continental Army fights in the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775).

5. Continental Army invades Quebec (November 1775).

6. Continental Army surrounds British forces in Boston (January 1776).

B. Finding Main Ideas In the boxes below, write two newspaper headlines that tell the important ideas about each document shown. Your headline should address these questions: Who wrote the document? What is it about?

6.4 Progress Check ActivityMaking Inferences

Read each clue below and answer the question “Who am I?” Write your answer in the blank.

1. I wrote many letters to my husband and was a sharp observer of the political scene.

WHO AM I?

2. I captured Fort Ticonderoga with a band of men known as the Green Mountain Boys.

WHO AM I?

Common Sense

1.

The Declaration of Independence

2.

3. I was chosen as the commanding general of the Continental Army.

WHO AM I?

4. I led 2,200 soldiers in an attack on Breed’s Hill.

WHO AM I?

5. I defended Breed’s Hill and told my men, “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”

WHO AM I?

6. I was America’s first important African-American poet. I was born in Africa and sold into slavery as a child.

WHO AM I?

7. I wanted to defeat British forces in Quebec in eastern Canada to gain Canadian support for the revolution.

WHO AM I?

8. I wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that convinced many Americans that a complete break with Britain was necessary.

WHO AM I?

9. I wrote the Declaration of Independence, which was based on the philosophy of John Locke.

WHO AM I?

10. I was the first to sign the Declaration and urged the delegates to stand together in mutual defense. WHO

AM I?

April Morning

1. On what date does the movie begin?

2. What do the British soldiers find on Solomon Chandler’s wagon?

3. How many generations live in the Cooper home?

4. Why was Moses disappointed with Adam?

5. How many British troops are in Boston at the time of the Lexington meeting?

6. Who is the man on horseback supposed to be?

7. What are the militia members supposed to bring with them when they assemble?

8. What does Moses teach Adam to do when loading a gun to save himself time?

9. Imagine you are Adam Cooper standing on the green that morning. What do you feel when you see the British troops arriving in your town?

10. How does this movie explain the first shot at Lexington?

11. Why do you suppose the men of Lexington even stood up to the British if they were so outnumbered?

12. What is the result of the encounter with the British at Lexington?

13. How do the Americans plan to attack the British between Lexington and Concord?

14. How does Joseph respond when Adam asks him if this is the war and tells him “but we’re all British”?

15. Where does Ruth say the men are assembling next?

16. What does Adam’s mother give to him when he returns that evening?

17. Why did Adam’s mother move his place at the table?

The Declaration of IndependenceBEFORE YOU READIn the last section, you read about events that led to the Declaration of Independence.

In this section, you will learn about the Declaration of Independence itself.

Preamble; The Right of the People to Control Their Government49 (pink) What does the Preamble to the Constitution state?

The Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Declaration voiced the reasons for separating from Britain and stated some principles of government. It was written by Thomas Jefferson.

The Preamble, or introduction, states that the American people had decided to break away from Britain and become a separate nation. It also says that the document will explain the reasons for the separation.

The Declaration then goes on to state that all people have certain unalienable rights. These rights include life, liberty, and the right to seek happiness. People set up governments to protect these rights. In exchange, the people give the governments certain powers. The Declaration says that the people have a right to act when a government destroys their rights. They can do away with the government, or they can form a new one. The Declaration states that because the British government had repeatedly taken away the Americans’ rights, the American colonists had the right to form a new government.

50 (yellow) Why did the Declaration of Independence state that the colonists had the right to form a new government?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tyrannical Acts of the British King51 (pink) What offenses did the king commit against the colonists? The Declaration of Independence then lists 27 offenses by the British king and others against the colonies. This list of grievances helps to explain why it became necessary to seek independence.

The Declaration states that the king refused to approve laws that the colonists needed. The king also had demanded that colonists give up their right to representation in government—he was acting as a tyrant. In addition, he had tried to keep the colonies from growing and had refused to set up a system of justice.

The Declaration states that the king and others had tried to rule the colonies with laws that were completely different from their own laws. Then the Declaration goes on to say what the laws tried to do. They provided for the quartering of British troops by the colonists, taxation without representation, taking away the right to trial by jury, and stopping the meeting of colonial legislatures. meeting of colonial legislatures.

52 (Yellow) Why did the Declaration of Independence list 27 offenses by the British king?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Terms and Namesunalienable Unable to be taken awaygrievances Complaintstyrant A ruler who uses power unjustly or cruellyquartering Providing housingpetitioned for redress Asked for the correction of wrongs

Efforts of the Colonies to Avoid Separation; The Colonies Are Declared Free and Independent53 (pink) What happened when the colonists petitioned the British king? The Declaration of Independence states that when the colonists petitioned for redress , the king rejected their petitions. The colonists also had informed the British people about the unjust way that Parliament had treated them. They had asked them to speak out against Parliament’s treatment. But the British had not listened.

Finally, the Declaration of Independence states that the document had listed the facts. It then declares the colonies free and independent states, with no loyalty to Britain or the king. It says that the colonies, as free and independent states, have all the powers that such states have. The Declaration of Independence was signed by 56 representatives from the 13 original states.54 (yellow) How did the British king respond to the colonists’ grievances?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Declaration of Independence Guided ReadingA. Finding Main Ideas As you read the Declaration of Independence, fill in the diagram

below with key points about the main parts of the document.

Purpose Ideas About Rights

Ideas About Government Complaints Against King George III

Review CHAPTER 6

Declaration ofIndependence

Building VocabularyBoston Massacre Lexington/Concord Quartering ActBoston Tea Party Loyalist Sons of LibertyBoycott militia Stamp ActDeclaration of Independence Minutemen Townshend ActsIntolerable Acts Patriot writs of assistance

A. Completion Select the term or name that best completes the sentence.

1. The _________________ required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official mark showing a tax had been paid.

2. The British passed the _________________, which required colonists to house British troops and provide them with supplies.

3. In addition to suspending New York’s assembly, _________________ also placed import taxes on such products as glass, paper, lead, paint, and tea.

4. Angered by the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed a series of laws known as the _________________ to punish the Massachusetts colony.

5. British officers needed _________________ to search for smuggled goods in a home or business.

B. Matching Match the definition in the second column with the word in the first column. Write the appropriate letter next to the word.

_______ 1. boycott a. refusal to buy certain products_______ 2. militia b. British soldiers fired into crowd of

colonial protesters._______ 3. Patriot c. Men disguised as Mohawks destroyed

tea aboard British ships._______ 4. Boston Massacre d. force of armed civilians_______ 5. Lexington/Concord e. militia trained to be ready quickly_______ 6. Declaration of Independence

f. supported the British

_______ 7. Sons of Liberty g. called for separation from Britain_______ 8. Boston Tea Party h. secret society opposing the British_______ 9. Loyalist i. first battles of the Revolutionary War_______ 10. Minutemen j. supported the American colonists