chapter-4 identification and assessment of...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER-4
IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
OF IMPACT
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CHAPTER-4 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
4.1 PREFACE
Impact Identification and prediction is a way of ‘mapping’ the environmental
consequences of the significant aspects of the project and its alternatives.
Several techniques and methodologies are in vogue for predicting anticipated
impacts due to projects on natural and social aspects of the environment.
These predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of the
environment to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. These
conditions are then subsequently evaluated for acceptability by screening
them against standards. Based on results of prediction and evaluation, pollution
abatement and control measures in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on
the environment are delineated in an Environmental Management Plan for
further implementation during the construction and commissioning of the
project activities, as well as during the operational phase.
The detailed list of activities described in this report have been taken into
consideration for generation of cause-condition-effect network, for
identification & prediction of the environmental impacts that would be
stimulated by the proposed activity.
Prediction involves determination of the nature and extent of the probable
impacts due to the proposed activities or the actions involved in the project.
Here it is determined, whether the likely environmental impacts are
Beneficial or Adverse
Long term or Short term
Permanent or Temporary
Caused or Induced
Primary / Secondary / Tertiary
Reversible or Irreversible
Site specific or Project specific
The overall environmental impact is divided into two categories during
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Construction Phase and Operation Phase. The environmental impact
assessment is accomplished in three stage actions viz. identification, prediction
and evaluation.
The following project related activities identified as sources having potential to
cause impact upon various environmental attributes;
Transportation and storage of raw materials and finished products
Manufacturing process (Generation of solid waste, wastewater, fugitive
emissions and noise)
Consumption of resources
Emergencies or disaster
Breakdown of critical systems
Maintenance activity
Green Belt Development
The prediction and assessment of impact has been based on the following
data, which has been collected from the project proponent, concerned
agencies or generated on the basis of the field monitoring:
1. Environmental pollution potential from the proposed project
Collected data from industry and Our past Experience
2. Baseline environmental quality status at project site and within the study area of 10 km radius from project site which includes air, water, soil and noise
Monitored data
3. Meteorological data monitored for study area during study period and micro meteorological data
Collected from IMD
4. Socio – economic and ecological environment of the area
Summarized from Census 2001
Potential impacts of the project on the various environmental components or
attributes given below are predicted.
Water Environment
Air Environment
Land Environment
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Noise Environment
Ecology
Aesthetics
Socio Economic Environment
The identification of environmental impacts has been made, based on the
understanding of cause-condition-effect relationship between an activity and
the impact component. The following activities identified as sources having
potential to cause impact upon various environmental parameters due to
proposed project during the construction and operation phase are given in
Table – 4.1(A) and Table – 4.1(B)
Table – 4.1(A) Type of Activities and Impact during Construction Phase
Sr. No.
Type of Activities Potential Impacts
1 Level and Road Laying Dust emission, Soil Compaction, Change in traffic pattern
2 Earthwork comprising of excavation, grading, Back-filling
Increase in erosion, soil compaction, increase in transport facilities; increase in employment
3 Foundation Work Dust emission, Noise, Decrease in water table
4 Civil construction Increase in Dust Emission, increase in employment
5 Mechanical erection Generation of noise
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Table – 4.1(B) Type of Activities and Impact during Operation Phase
Sr. No. Type of Activities Potential Impacts
1 Trial runs and manufacturing activities
Gaseous emission, Increase in vehicular traffic, Increases in employment.
2 Material Handling Increase in Noise level, visual impact, Dust emission
3 Utilities Increase in traffic, Increases in Services.
4 Green Belt Development Decrease in run off, increase in ground water table.
4.2 PREDICTION & ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
The project would be installed in phased manner. As the installation of the
cement plant is to be undertaken progressively; the time period of the
construction activities will be elongated. Due to this, following short term
impacts will be incurred on the environment for a period of time. However, due
care will be taken to comply all the applicable rules and regulations to minimize
the negative impacts if any to the environment.
4.2.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Ground water from own bore well will be utilized for the constructions phase.
The water consumption during the construction phase is very less and
consumption will be for short period. Hence there will not be any major
impact on availability of natural resources during this stage.
The wastewater generation will be only from the domestic activities; which
will be disposed into soak pit through septic tank.
4.2.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The major construction activities from which air emission may occur are;
excavation, loading and unloading of material, etc. Following mitigation
measures are proposed to minimize the air pollution during the construction
stage.
Water will be sprayed for dust suppression.
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Wind curtain will be provided at the construction site and dispersible material
construction materials like cement, sand etc will be covered with tarpaulin.
The sand and other such dispersible material will be stored at site for
minimum working period.
The construction equipment will be chosen for least suspension of dust/sand
into atmosphere.
The construction activity will be carried out during day time only.
The emissions are temporary and not expected to contribute significantly to
the ambient air quality and will be within prescribed limits for industrial
regions by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
4.2.3 LAND AND SOIL ENVIRONMENT
The proposed project will set up on the abandoned agriculture land; there
will not be any significant topographical change.
The construction activity will help in fixation of soil, thereby reducing the soil
erosion.
Some construction activities will disturb the soil profile but that will be
temporary and insignificant impact.
4.2.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The noise generated from construction machinery shall be kept low by
keeping the moving parts serviced and properly lubricated.
The noise impacts will be local; limited to the premises and very short – term.
4.2.5 SOCIO - ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
During the constriction activities, there will be positive impact on the socio
economic environment as it will generate employment.
4.3 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE
4.3.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT
With respect to water environment; three aspects are generally considered in
REIA, availability and consumption of Fresh water, Wastewater generation and
its disposal.
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A) FRESH WATER CONSUMPTION
The total water requirement for the proposed cement plant will be
@ 16.0 KL/day including domestic, gardening and industrial. The fresh water
requirement will be satisfied through ground water. The location of proposed
project site falls under the Grey (Semi Critical) zone according to the map of
ground water Categorization published by Gujarat Water Resources
Development Corporation. The unit also proposes to install the rain water
harvesting system to recharge the ground water and to reduce the ground
water withdrawal.
Hence, there will be negligible impact on ground water due to water
consumption of the propose project.
B) WASTE LOAD GENERATION AND DISPOSAL
There will be no industrial wastewater generation from the proposed
activity. Hence there will not be any disposal of effluent and the unit will be
Zero Industrial discharge.
There will be generation of domestic effluent @ 1.6 KL/day from the
proposed project which will be disposed in to the soak pit through septic
tank.
There will not be any significant impact on ground water environment and
surface water environment due to effluent disposal from proposed project.
4.3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT
A) IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS
The major source of air pollution due to proposed project will be flue gas
emission from the vertical shaft kiln and process gas emissions from raw mill &
cement mill. The considerable pollutants from the flue gas & process gas
emission are PM, SO2 and NOx.
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Fugitive dust emissions can arise during the storage and handling of materials
and solid fuels, and also from road surfaces. Particulate releases from
packing and dispatch of clinker/cement can also be significant.
B) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
The unit will provide water scrubber to Kiln as air pollution control measures
and the flue gas emission will be well within gaseous emission norms
described by the GPCB.
To reduce fugitive dust emission, the unit has proposed to provide bag filter
type dust extraction system at Raw Mill and Cement Mill.
Adequate Stack height will be provided for proper dispersion of pollutants,
particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere as per CPCB guidelines.
Impact of a source or a group of sources on air quality is evaluated using
mathematical models. The model stimulates the relationships between air
pollutants emitted from the source and their impact on surrounding air quality.
The air quality model is prepared based on the stack details and
meteorological data.
The mathematical model based on Gaussian theory, a computer based version
ISCST3, is used to calculate Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) as a function of
wind speed, direction and stability class. The GLC for the parameters like SPM, &
SO2 as emitted from the stack attached to kiln, raw mill and cement mill have
been predicted using above mathematical model.
The likely impacts on air have been studied based on following assumptions,
1. PM & SO2 emission from flue gas stack and process stack were calculated
by considering maximum possible concentrations.
2. Maximum possible computed emission at full capacity utilization,
3. The entire three stacks operated together (Kiln, Raw mill & Cement mil )
The following methodology is adopted for the prediction based on above
model.
1. Input Parameters
The input parameters for the preparation of mathematical model consist of
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Meteorological Data viz. ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction etc.
and potential of the air pollutants viz, physical stack height, inner diameter of
the stack at exit, stack emission, flue gas temperature, flue gas velocity etc. The
details of all the in put parameters are discussed here below.
• Micrometeorological Data
Micrometeorological data required for the mathematical modeling were
collected for the site and the details of which are discussed and elaborated in
Section 3.4 of Chapter - 3 in earlier part of this report.
• Potential of the Air Pollutants
The potential sources of air pollution are gaseous emission from the stack
attached to the vertical Shaft Kiln, Raw mill and Cement mill. The details of stack
emissions considered for the processing of mathematical model are given in
Table - 4.2.
Table – 4.2: Details of Stacks
Sr. No. Particular Unit Details / Value
1. Stack Attached to --- Vertical shaft
Kiln (2 Nos.,
5.0 T/Hr.)
Raw Mill (2 Nos.,
3.0 T/Hr.)
Cement Mill
(2 Nos., 3.5 T/Hr.)
2. Stack Height m 30 20 20
3. Stack Inside Diameter m 1.0 0.5 0.5
4. Cross Sectional Area of Stack m2 0.7854 0.1963 0.1963 oC 80 50 50
5. Gas Exit Temperature
K 353 323 323
6. Gas Exit Velocity m/sec 2.5 5.0 5.0
7. Gas Exit Flow Rate Nm3/Sec 1.658 0.906 0.906
8. Quantity of Pollutant Discharge
a) PM 0.0829 0.0453 0.0453
b) SOx gm/sec 0.4330 --- ---
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2. The Receptor Area
The baseline ambient air quality monitoring stations are selected as receptor
area to evaluate the impact of air pollutants from the source and eventually
to find out resultant ambient air quality at above location.
The receptor locations in uniform polar grid within 5.0 Km with flow vector of
22.5 degree (sixteen directions) and 10 polar rings i.e. radial distance at 0.5
km increment from source is selected.
3. Model Output
The output of the model consists of ground level concentration at various
distances and direction from the source. The first three highest 24 hour average
ground level concentration value for SPM & SO2 and is given in Table – 4.3 and
the first highest 24 hourly average ground level concentration value for various
parameters at the ambient air quality monitoring stations is given in Table-4.4.
Table- 4.3: First Three Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values
Concentration, µg/m3 Highest Value
Location w.r.t Project Site SPM SO2
1st 0.5 KM @ 135º 4.310 7.469
2nd 0.5 KM @ 135º 2.739 4.564
3rd 0.5 KM @ 135º 2.661 4.039
Table-4.4: First Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values at AAQM Stations
Concentration, µg/m3 Station Code Station Name Location w.r.t
Project Site SPM SO2 S2 Jegadva 3.25 km @ 45º 0.484 0.629
S3 Hampar 5.0 km @ 90º 0.089 0.206
S4 Khambhda 4.8 km @ 150º 0.012 0.029
S5 Dholi 4.95 km 195º 0.103 0.240
S6 Vrajpar 2.8 km @ 294º 0.000 0.000
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Based on the maximum concentration values observed during the study period
and the first highest 24 hourly average GLC value calculated using
mathematical modeling for the proposed project, the expected level of
maximum GLC for various parameters at the ambient air quality monitoring
stations after the proposed project has been estimated and which is illustrated
in the Table-4.5.
Table- 4.5: Expected level of pollutant at ambient air monitoring locations
SPM SO2 Station Code
Station Name I II III I II III
S2 Jegadva 126 0.484 126.484 16.4 0.629 17.029
S3 Hampar 145 0.089 145.089 17.8 0.206 18.006
S4 Khambhda 168 0.012 168.012 20.2 0.029 20.229
S5 Dholi 134 0.103 134.103 16.2 0.240 16.440
S6 Vrajpar 121 0.000 121.000 16.8 0.000 16.800
Note : I - Maximum Ambient Air Monitoring Results observed during study period(µg/m3) II - 24-Hourly 1st Highest Ground Level Concentration Calculated Using
Mathematical Model ISCST3 ((µg/m3) III - Expected Level of Pollutant After Proposed Project ((µg/m3)
Isopleths Showing 1st highest 24 hourly average GLCs contour plots for the Total
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) after the
proposed project are given in Plate – 4.1 and Plate – 4.2 respectively.
OBSERVATIONS
The maximum 24-hourly average concentration for pollutant due to proposed
project calculated using mathematical model (ISCST3) for SPM and SO2 is 4.310
µg/m3 and 7.469 µg/m3 respectively which is very negligible compared to
NAAQS even for the worst case scenario and will fall at about 0.5 km @ 1350
from the project site, where there is unirrigated and open scrub land and no
population resides.
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There is negligible increase in concentration of SPM and SO2 at ambient air
monitoring locations due to proposed project as shown in Table-4.4. Thus,
considering worst-case scenario the ambient air quality at all the monitoring
locations after the proposed project does not exceed NAAQS norms as shown
in Table-4.5.
Hence, there will not be any significant impact on air environment due to
proposed project considering worst-case scenario.
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4.3.3 LAND/ SOIL ENVIRONMENT
a) PREDICTION OF IMPACT
The impact on land and soil environment may be due to effluent disposal,
hazardous waste disposal and dust deposition.
b) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
Effluent Disposal
There will not be any wastewater generation from the proposed
manufacturing activity.
Only domestic wastewater will be generated and entire quantity of
wastewater will be disposed to septic tank followed by soak pit.
Solid/Hazardous waste Disposal
There will be generation of cement dust, which is considered as non-
hazardous. Moreover, the solid waste collected in different dust collection
system will be recycled in respective sections of the plant.
The only source of hazardous waste generated from plant machineries will
be as spent/used oil which will be reused as lubricant within premises / Sold
to MoEF approved recyclers.
The unit will provide an isolated area for the hazardous waste storage within
premises having pucca floor and roof cover.
Dust Deposition
Adequate air pollution control measures will be provided to collect the
generated dust. There will not be any chances of dust emission so there will
be negligible impact on land.
The solid waste collected in different dust collection system will be recycled
in respective sections of the plant.
Adequate height will also be provided to all the stacks for the proper
dispersion of pollutants.
Hence, there will not be any noteworthy impact on land and soil environment
due to Effluent disposal, disposal of hazardous waste and dust deposition.
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Development of Green belt
The unit will developed green belt within the premises which will not only
improve the soil conditioning but will also prevent soil erosion and the
landscape & give slight beneficial impact on the land usage. Greenbelt will
minimize the predicted level of possible air pollutants and to minimize noise
pollution.
In consequence of development of green belt it will create a beneficial impact
on land and soil environment.
4.3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
a) PREDICTION OF IMPACT
Prediction of potential impacts on noise environment from the proposed
project is as important as well as the vital components of the environment. The
impacts of noise depend mainly on the characteristic of the noise generating
sources, topography and atmospheric conditions.
During operational phase the impact on noise environment will be due to
manufacturing activities like Raw Mill, cement mill, crusher etc and due to the
transportation within and outside the premises.
b) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
The noise generation will be mitigated by installing noise barriers/absorbers
around stationery noise sources. Adequate noise control measures such as
anti vibration pad for equipment with high vibration will be provided.
Extensive Oiling, Lubrication Preventive Maintenance will be done regularly.
Vehicular movements during operation phase for loading/unloading of raw
and finished materials and other transportation activity may also increase
noise level. However, the volume of transport vehicles to be handled due to
proposed project is very low, as compared to the total vehicular traffic in the
area.
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Provision of Noise control measures such as acoustic insulation, enclosures,
hood, air silencers etc. for the Equipments and Machinery generating high
noise.
Adequate noise control measures such mufflers, silencers at the air
inlet/outlet, anti vibration pad for equipment with high vibration, earmuff
and earplugs to the operators etc. will be provided.
Proposed green belt will act as a barrier to the propagation of noise from the
factory premises. This will reduce the noise levels appreciably and it will not
have any impact to the nearby present human settlement.
Therefore, there will be negligible impact on noise environment of surrounding
area due to project activities.
4.3.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The impact due to the project activity on the ecological parameters like natural
vegetation, crops, fisheries and aquatic life, forests and species diversity is
summarized in below texts:
The project site will be located at Dhrangadhra village District
Surendranangar on abandoned agricultural land and there will not be any
cutting of natural vegetation due to proposed project. On the contrary, the
industry will develop its green belt area surrounding periphery.
Since the proposed project will be on abandoned agricultural land, it is not
likely to alter the crop production and pattern or the area.
The increment in concentration of SPM and SO2 at seven reserved forest is
less than 0.4953 µg/m3 and 1.1650 µg/m3 respectively, which is almost nil and
thus does not envisage any impact on the reserved forest.
No commercial fishery activities are observed within 10 Km radius of the
proposed site, and hence proposed activities are not envisaged to have any
adverse effect on fisheries and aquatic life.
Also the necessary environmental protection measure have been planned
under EMP for air, water and waste management systems and regular
environmental surveillance will be carried out so as to prevent any short-term
or cumulative effect on the crops and natural vegetation of the area.
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Thus, there will not be any significant impact on ecological environment due to
proposed project activities.
4.3.6 AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT
The plant will be developed in abandoned agriculture land with good
landscape and plantation. Increase in fugitive emission due to increased
vehicular movement for the proposed project may have minimal adverse
impact on the visual quality. However, this impact can be minimized with
implementation of environmental management plan.
Since there will be no discharge of effluent to any water body, there is no
visual adverse impact on quality of water.
The units will develop the green belt area @ 1796.0 m2 which will improve the
overall aesthetic view of the premises.
Thus, there will not be any impact on aesthetic environment due to proposed
project activities.
4.3.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
a) EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
Prediction of the socio-economic impacts of site would be totally a positive
main due to the employment opportunities. During operational phase, skilled
and unskilled manpower will be needed. This will increase the employment
opportunity. Secondary jobs are also bound to be generated to provide day-to-
day needs and services to the work force. This will also increase the demand for
essential daily utilities in the local market. The manpower requirement for the
proposed project is expected to generate some permanent jobs and
secondary jobs for the operation and maintenance of plant. This will increase
direct / indirect employment opportunities and ancillary business development
to some extent for the local population. This phase is expected to create a
beneficial impact on the local socio-economic environment. b) INDUSTRIES
During the operation activities, the required raw materials will be sourced
maximum from the local area. In addition to this the required spares and
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consumables required for the operation of the plant and machineries will be
procured from the near by area. The increasing industrial activity will boost the
commercial and economical status of the locality, to some extent.
c) PUBLIC HEALTH
During operation activities, workers will be provided with basic amenities like
safe water supply, low cost sanitation facilities, first aid, required personal
protective equipment, etc. Otherwise, there could be an increase in diseases
related to personal hygiene. Hence, there will not be any significant change in
the status of sanitation and the community health of the area, as sufficient
measures have been taken and proposed under the EMP.
The proposed project activities will improve the general environment by
planting more number of trees through a planned green belt development
which will improve Aesthetic value of the region. On the whole the project will
have a favorable ranking with the local inhabitants and will be looked upon as
a blessing for development of the area.
Thus, there will be a slight beneficial impact on socio-economic environment
due to proposed project activities.
The possible beneficial Impacts due to the proposed project is shown in Figure-
4.1
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Figure – 4.1 Possible Beneficial Impacts Due To Proposed Project
Project
Development of
Minimize the Noise
Socio Economic
Improve Aesthetic
Probability of temporary
Improve community
Improve sanitation
Improve educational
Improve Soil
Probability of secondary
Probability of permanent
Enhance Commercial
and economical
Prevent Soil erosion and improve the
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4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION
The matrix system evaluates the impact on the environment both in terms of
quality and quantity. The environmental attributes that have some impact due
to the proposed project activities are considered. The environmental impacts
identify the possible relationship of proposed industrial operations with respect
to environment attributes. These relationships can be beneficial or adverse.
Impact identification matrix for operation phase is given in Table – 4.6. The
potential impact during operational stage along with mitigation measure is
presented in Table – 4.7.
Table-4.6: Impact Identification Matrix (Without EMP)
Project Activities
(Construction Phase)
Project Activities (Operational Phase)
Sr. No. Environmental
Parameters
Exca
vatio
n
Con
stru
ctio
n
Inst
alla
tion
of
Equi
pmen
ts
Wat
er
Requ
irem
ent
Efflu
ent
Disc
harg
e G
aseo
us
emiss
ions
Solid
Was
te
Mat
eria
l Ha
ndlin
g
Man
fg.
Act
ivity
Equi
pmen
t Fa
ilure
Tran
spor
tatio
n
Gre
en B
elt
Deve
lopm
ent
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION i) Water Env. Water Resource √ √
Water Quality √ ii) Air Env. √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ iii) Land / Soil
Env. √ √ √ √
1.
iv) Noise Env. √ √ √ √ √ √ √ ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Natural Vegetation √ √ √
Crops √ Fisheries & Aquatic Life
2.
Forests & Species Diversity
3. AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT
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Visual Water / Air Quality √ √ √
Odour
Landscape √ SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT • Employment
Opportunity & Economic Development
√ √ √ √ √ √
• Public Welfare & Sanitation
4.
• Social Amenities
Table- 4.7: Potential Impacts & Mitigative Measures during Operational Stage
Sr. No.
Environment Components
Project Activity
Impacts predicted Remarks
Cement manufacturing
Operations
Dust and Gases will produce , Increase in SPM level
Adverse
Transportation
Causes dust nuisance as well as gaseous pollutant due to vehicular emission on road transportation of product and Raw material
Adverse 1 Air Quality
Green Belt Development
It serves as a natural screen in reducing the SPM concentration
Beneficial
Cement manufacturing
Operations
Extraction of Ground water and utilized for Industrial, Domestic purpose.
Adverse
2 Water
Table & Quality Rain water
Harvesting
Decrease the Extraction of Ground water and Recharge Ground Water
Beneficial
3 Noise Quality
Cement manufacturing
Operations
Increase in noise level due to use of various Equipment
Adverse
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Sr. No.
Environment Components
Project Activity
Impacts predicted Remarks
Transportation Deteriorates health due to air & noise pollution
Adverse
4
Health Green belt
Development
Improves the health of Inhabitants by acting as a barrier to air & noise pollution and imparts pleasant atmosphere
Beneficial
5 Public Utilities Transportation Improved road networks and vehicular movement within the study area
Beneficial
6 Economic
Aspect
Cement manufacturing
Operations
Increase employment opportunities both Direct and Indirect there by increasing economic status of people
Beneficial
7 Economic
Aspect Transportation
Increase employment opportunities both Direct and Indirect there by increasing economic status of people
Beneficial
8 Land use and
soil characteristic
Green Belt development
Beneficial effects on land as it improves aesthetic view
Beneficial
9 Land use and
soil characteristic
Dust Deposition
Impact due to dust deposition on land and soil
Adverse
10 Land use and
soil characteristic
Transportation Impact due to settling of air borne dust and fumes
Adverse
4.4.1 IMPACT EVALUATION
The environmental impact evaluation is based on careful study of project site,
manufacturing operation of proposed activities, surrounding environment
(meteorological conditions, ambient air quality status, water quality status, soil
quality status, ecological environment, socio-economic status, land-use pattern
of the study area) etc.
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These can be further classified as short term or long term, reversible or
irreversible, local or regional. The evaluation of the impacts due to proposed
project activities is given in Table – 4.9. While Table - 4.10 show the total score of
the project.
4.4.2 IMPACT QUANTIFICATION
For calculating the severity of the impact on the environmental attributes due
to the various project activities the severity has been divided into impact scores
from 0-4 as under ; Table - 4.8 shows the environmental impact score related to
project activities.
Table: 4.8 Environmental Impact Score
Severity Criteria Impact Score
No Impact : 0
Very Slight : 1
Slight Impact : 2
Moderate Impact : 3
Appreciable Impact : 4
The impact score is (–ve) or (+ve) depending on whether the impact is adverse
or beneficial. The construction phase is not considered in environmental impact
matrix, as impacts due to construction activities are temporary, short-term and
negligible.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter 4 Identification & Assesment of Impact Page: 24 of 25
Table – 4.9: Environmental Impact Evaluation Matrix
Project Activities (Operational Phase)
Sr. No.
Parameters
Wat
er
Requ
irem
ent
Efflu
ent
Gen
erat
ion/
Di
spos
al
Gas
eous
em
issio
ns
Haza
rdou
s W
aste
G
ener
atio
n
Mat
eria
l Ha
ndlin
g
Man
fg.
Act
ivity
Equi
pmen
t Fa
ilure
Tran
spor
tatio
n
Gre
en B
elt
Deve
lopm
ent
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION • Water Env.
i) Water Resource -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ii) Water Quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Air Env. 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 +2 • Land & Soil Env. 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 +2
1.
• Noise Env. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 +1
Total -1 0 0 -1 -2 -1 0 -3 +5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
• Natural vegetation
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
• Crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Fisheries & Aquatic
Life 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.
• Forests & Species Diversity
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT
• Visual Water / Air Quality
0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 +2
• Odour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.
• Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2
Total 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT • Employment
Opportunity & Economic Development
0 +1 0 0 +1 +1 0 +1 0
• Public Welfare & Sanitation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4.
• Social Amenities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 Total 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter 4 Identification & Assesment of Impact Page: 25 of 25
Table-4.10: Environmental impact score of the proposed project activities
Sr. No.
Parameters Evaluation Score
1. Environmental Pollution -3
2. Ecology Environment 0
3. Aesthetic Environment +1
4. Socio-Economic Environment +5
Total +3
Thus, proposed project activities will not have any significant environmental
impact on surrounding environment. On the contrary, there will be beneficial
impact on surrounding environment due to increase in employment
opportunities and economy of the area.
CHAPTER-5
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 1 of 28
CHAPTER- 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.1 PREFACE
The main purpose of the EMP is to identify project specific actions that will be
undertaken by the project authority for mitigation of the specific impacts
identified in the project. These actions will be incorporated into project
management system and integrated into the implementation at various stages
of project development. This report pertains to the project activities; the
Environmental Management Plan broadly defined here is concerned with the
impacts identified earlier.
The aim of Environmental Management Plan is to warrant that the industrial
development in an identified particular study area needs to be entangled with
judicious utilization of non-renewable resources and to ensure that the stress /
load on the ecosystem is within its permissible assimilative capacity i.e. its
carrying capacity. In above context assimilative capacity refers to the
maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged into the
environment without affecting the designated use of various environmental
attributes and is governed by dilution, dispersion and removal due to physico-
chemical and biological process. An effective EMP ensures that these
environmental requirements and objectives are satisfied during all phases of
project.
Environmental Management generally includes protection / mitigation /
enhancement measures as well as delineation of post project monitoring
program. The plan as prepared may suggest revisions in the plant layout or
operational parameters to avoid adverse impacts. Sometimes additional
project operations have to be incorporated in the conventional plan of
operation, as per the actual requirement.
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Adopting mitigative measures including incorporation of suitable features in the
planning and design stage can minimize the adverse impacts envisaged during
construction and operation phases. Mitigation measures at the source level and
an overall management plan are elicited to improve the supportive capacity of
the study area and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving
bodies.
5.2 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The long-term objectives of the Environment Management Plan for all the
environmental attributes are as under:
To comply with all the regulations / applicable laws stipulated by Central /
State Pollution Control Boards.
To create good working conditions (devoid of air and noise pollution for the
employees).
To encourage support and conduct developmental works for the purpose of
achieving environment standards and to improve methods of environment
management.
To reduce fire and accident hazards.
To rationalize and streamline environmental activities to add value in
efficiency and effectiveness.
To encourage and achieve highest performance and response from
individual employees and contractors.
To plan out the complete strategy to take care of stakeholder engagement.
To contribute significantly for sustainable development.
To treat all the pollutants i.e. effluent and hazardous waste with appropriate
technology.
Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environment
management expenditure.
Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a
cleaner and better environment.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 3 of 28
To encourage, support and conduct development work for the purpose of
achieving environmental standards and to improve the methods of
environmental management.
The environment Management Plan has been worked out for Operation phase
of the proposed project which has been categorized for:
Water Environment
Air Environment
Land Environment
Noise Environment
Socio Economic Environment
As a part of the efforts for sustainable development, to identify the adverse
impacts, causes and prevention and precaution measures are the most
important part of the development activity of any project. For the purpose of
the prevention/minimization of the adverse impacts the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) and impact mitigation measures are identified and
implementations of various mitigative measures for environmental impacts
envisaged are discussed.
5.3 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
Water conservation measures will be taken to optimize the fresh water
requirement. The fresh water requirement for the proposed project will be
satisfied through ground water from own bore well.
Record for water consumption shall be maintained for each usage.
There will be no Industrial wastewater generation. The domestic effluent will
be disposed to soak pit through septic tank.
Separate Disposal system for storm water will be provided so it will not be
mixed with domestic waste water.
Cleaner production technology will be assessed to maximum possible reuse
and recycling of material.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 4 of 28
The action sheet for mitigation of water pollution due to storm water is given
Table-5.1
Table – 5.1: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Storm Water Pollution
Source Rain water
Mitigation Measures
1. Identify the potential sources of storm water pollution. 2. Evaluation of non-storm water discharges to determine if
they contaminate storm water.
Methodology of Implementation
1. Good House Keeping – To maintain a clean and orderly working environment.
2. Spill Prevention & Response – Identify location where spill occur and define spill prevention handling practices and response procedures.
3. Visual Inspection – To conduct routine inspection of facility to ensure that all the elements of the plant are in place and working properly.
4. Employee Training-Trained employees in all aspects of storm water management plan.
5.3.1 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Since the project site falls under Grey (Semi Critical) Category and their water
withdrawal will not exceed the 100 m3/day, according to the same CGWA
guidelines it is not mandatory for the unit to adopt recharging of water
(rainwater harvesting). However, the unit will design and implement the
recharging of ground water (Rainwater harvesting) system voluntarily which will
create positive impact to the water environment.
The following major points will be kept in to consideration while designing the
system;
• Total annual rainfall in the area
• Catchments area with in the project site
• Subsurface geology and aquifer
• Precaution to mitigate and control dust contamination
Well design storm water network will be provided to collect the rain water from
the site area and diverted to the proposed rain water harvesting pits for
recharging the ground water. The storm water drain system in the complex will
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 5 of 28
be designed with proper slope and direction, considering the catchments area
and intensity of rainfall. The design volume of water harvested through the
percolation well will be 180 m3/hr considering the maximum intensity of rainfall
50 mm/hr. Here, for designing of rain water harvesting system the whole
industrial premises is considered as catchment area, so that all the storm water
produced on site can be harvested for ground water recharge and it will not be
require to discharge it outside the factory premises.
The proper management and pretreatment of rainwater harvested will be done
to ensure that it is free of contamination. The storm water collected will be
passed through multi grade filter to remove the suspended matter before
recharging. The Schematic drawing of percolation well is shown in Figure - 5.1.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 6 of 28
Figure-5.1. Schematic Drawing of Percolation Well
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 7 of 28
Total water requirement per day of proposed project will be 16 KL i.e. 4800
KL/annum (considering 300 working days per annum). Total requirement of
water will be met by bore wells within the factory premises of unit. It can be
shown from Table – 5.2 that total volume of water harvested per annum will be
1810 KL which is 37.72% of annual water requirements.
Table – 5.2: Details of Rain Water harvesting System
Value
Particular unit Roof-Top
Ground Surface
Covering
Untreated Ground
Catchment Annual Rain Fall mm 500
Maximum intensity of rain fall mm/hr 50
Design Volume of Water Harvested through Percolation Well m3/hr 180
Runoff Coefficient -- 0.75 0.6 0.3
Filter Efficiency -- 0.9 0.9 0.9
Catchment Area Sq.meter 1175 3554 3365
KL 397 960 454 Annual Volume of water harvested
Liter 396563 959580 454275
Total Annual Volume of water harvested KL/Annum 1810
Daily Water Requirement KL/Day 16
Working Days per annum Days/Annum 300
Annual Water Requirement KL/Annum 4800 Annual Water Requirement After Harvesting KL/Annum 2990
Annual Recharge of the Ground Water % 37.72
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 8 of 28
5.4 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
The source of emission of SO2, NOx and particulate matter from the proposed
activity will be Kiln. The source of emission of particulate matter will include Raw
Mill and Cement mill. There will be chances of fugitive emission / dust emission
from transfer points, storage yard, packing plant etc.
Some generic measures shall be taken to reduce fugitive and gaseous pollutants
emissions, which are as follows:
To control the emissions from the kiln, raw mill and cement mill, Scrubber and
bag filter will be maintained properly and operated continuously.
Adequate Stack height will be provided for proper dispersion of pollutants,
particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere.
Stack monitoring facilities like porthole, platform etc. will be provided with all
the stacks in order to facilitate sampling of gases being emitted into the
atmosphere.
In case of failure of any air pollution control equipments, the process
activities will be stopped.
All the transfer points will be connected to the respective bag filter to control
the fugitive emission.
Work area monitoring will be done periodically to check fugitive emissions.
Unit will adopt free water sprinkling method in open Fuel yard, roads, storage
yard and handling area to suppress dust generation and tarpaulin covering
will be used wherever required to prevent the dust spreading into
atmosphere.
The unit will also develop thick plantation around the storage yard to control
the fugitive emission.
Regular ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out within factory
premises for SPM, RSPM, SO2, and NOx.
Transfer vehicles and construction machinery will be properly maintained so
as keep air emissions in check. Emphasis will be made on EURO II engines.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 9 of 28
The action sheet for mitigation of Air pollution from primary source and
secondary source is given Table-5.3.
Table – 5.3: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Air Pollution
Source Primary and secondary source
Mitigation Measures
1. Regular preventive maintenance and overhauling of APCE will be done.
2. Regular check on the content in the fuel and emissions. 3. To maintain proper air to fuel ratio. 4. Regular checking of efficiency of bag filter 5. Regular checking of efficiency of scrubber.
Methodology of Implementation
a. Good House Keeping – To maintain a clean and orderly working environment.
b. Monitoring of source emissions and ambient air quality as per GPCB Norms through reliable testing authority to ensure compliance of air pollution emission standards.
c. All the kaccha roads shall be made pucca or will be asphalted or concreted to avoid dust formation caused by movement of vehicles.
d. The PUC of the vehicles entering the industrial premises will be checked regularly.
5.4.1 GUIDELINES FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF FUGITIVE EMISSION
Guidelines for prevention and control of fugitive emission are listed below in
sections.
A. Unloading Section (All Operations)
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. Enclosure should be provided for all unloading operations, except wet materials like gypsum
The enclosures for the unloading sides could be flexible curtain type material covering up to height of dumpers discharge from the roof.
2. Water shall be sprayed on the material prior and during unloading
A dust suppression system should be provided to spray water. The amount of water sprayed should preferably be optimized by employing proper design of spray system. Suitable systems may be adopted to reduce the problems like choking, jamming of the moving parts.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 10 of 28
B. Material Handling Section (Including Transfer Points)
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. All transfer point locations should be fully enclosed.
The enclosures from all sides with the provision for access doors, which shall be kept, closed during operation. Spillages should be periodically removed.
2. Airborne dust at all transfer operations / points should be controlled either by spraying water or by extracting to bag filter.
Either water spray system should be provided for suppressing the air borne dust or dry extraction cum bag filter with adequate extraction volume.
3. Water should be periodically sprayed on the stockpiles so as to retain some moisture in the top layer.
Spray sufficient quantity of water to moist the top layer to avoid wind blowing of fines.
C. Open Coal Yard Section
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. Coal to be stored in open yard shall be free of fine dust.
Necessary arrangement is provided to extract fines, from various locations. The air borne fines should be extracted and captured in bag filter and sent to last possible destination (coal mill) directly and should not be mixed/recycled with the crushed coal or safely disposed for purposes like land filling along with stabilization such that it doesn’t get re-entrained.
Maximum possible airborne dust could be extracted from various locations like unloading, crusher discharge, and transfer points. The extracted fines should be separated (not recycled) to prevent its re-entrainment.
If it is not possible to separate the fines then the coal shall be stored in closed storage only.
2. The coal yard floor should be paved with concrete.
Open stocking of coal in unpaved area should be avoided. The pathways for vehicle movement should also be paved.
3. Accumulated dust shall be Any deposits of dust on the ground
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Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
removed / swept regularly and water the area after sweeping.
(other than stock piles) should be cleaned regularly either manually or by sweeping machines. Additionally sufficient water should be sprayed on ground frequently to suppress the dust getting airborne.
4. Instead of dust extraction cum bag filter system, If dust suppression measure is used, additional control measures should be provided.
5. Wetting before unloading.
Coal should be sufficiently moistened to suppress fines by spraying minimum quantity of water.
6. Spray water at crusher discharge and transfer points.
Water spray should also be applied at crusher discharge and transfer points.
7. Water stockpiles frequently.
The frequency and quantity of watering may vary from season to season and the area to be covered, which should be decided and recorded, based on average evaporation rate in the region.
D. Closed Coal Storage Section
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. The air borne fines should be either suppressed or extracted and captured in bag filter and should be separated.
The captured coal dust be sent to last possible destination (fine coal hopper) directly or safely disposed in landfill and should not be allowed to re-entrain.
2. The enclosure should be from all sides and roof so as to contain the airborne emissions.
The access doors or any other openings shall be kept closed at all possible times.
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E. Clinker-Closed Stock Piles Section
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. Enclosure should be complete from all sides and should have a venting arrangement along with a bag filter.
The enclosures should have a venting arrangement located at transfer point where clinker is dropped to the stockpile. The extraction/ venting should be sufficient enough so as to avoid pressurization of the enclosure thereby reducing fugitive emissions from leakages in the sidewalls or doors.
2. The dust extracted and captured in bag filter should not be fed back/recycled to the clinker stockpile.
Extracted dust should be captured in bag filter and the collected dust should not be fed back to the clinker stockpile. It may be recycled at last possible destination i.e., cement mill section through suitable arrangement
F. Clinker Open Storage Section
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. Air borne fines extracted from clinker cooler shall be separated and sent to last possible destination directly or safely disposed.
The unit may need to add on / install necessary provisions for separating fine particulates. Fines separation may be achieved by passing collected dust through cyclone, the fines escaping cyclone to be separated, cyclone collection (coarse particles) could be recycled. The fines shall be recycled to the last possible destination (like clinker day silo) suitable or safely disposed.
2. Provide cover on stockpiles.
During the period when the stockpile is inactive, it should be covered fully by HDPE or tarpaulin type sheets to prevent wind blowing of fugitive dust.
3. Provide windbreak walls or greenbelt on three sides of open stock piles
Install three sided enclosures with walls with less than 50% porosity, which extend to average height of the stockpile.
4. Provide partial enclosure for retrieving area.
Flexible type wind breaking enclosure should be provided covering the clinker retrieval area as wind barrier to prevent dust carry over by wind.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 13 of 28
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
The enclosure could be of lightweight material like moulded plastic material or similar, which could be dismantled / assembled and shifted from one place to other.
5. The travel path of pay loaders should be paved and frequently swept and kept sufficiently moistened to prevent emissions.
Travel areas path used by the front – end pay loader shall be paved with concrete. It should be regularly swept manually or by high efficiency vacuum sweeper to minimize the material build – up. In addition, these areas should be watered as necessary.
6. Provide loading of clinker by pay loaders into trucks / trailers be carried out in an enclosure vented to a bag filter.
An enclosure fitted with bag filter could be located at the most central place adjacent to the clinker storage area. The enclosure could be on wheels such that it could be shifted as required.
The pay loader moves to the fixed loading area from one end of the enclosure and the truck/trailer enters the enclosure from other end.
G. Storage of Limestone, Gypsum and other additives:
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. The storage should be done under covered shed.
The enclosure walls shall cover minimum two sides up to roof level.
2. Fly ash shall be transported by closed tankers.
Fly ash shall be pumped directly from the tankers to silos pneumatically in closed loop or mechanically such that fugitive emissions do not occur.
3. Fly ash shall be stored in silos only.
If the wet fly ash is stored in open temporarily for the purpose of drying, necessary windbreak arrangement to avoid wind carryover of fly ash shall be provided. The fly ash should be removed immediately after drying and send to closed silos.
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H. Cement Packing Section:
I. Silo Section:
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. The silo vent to be provided with a bag filter type system to vent out the air borne fines.
The bag filter should be operated and maintained properly, especially the cleaning of bags to avoid pressurization of silos thereby causing fugitive emissions from leakages etc.
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. Provide dust extraction arrangement for packing machines.
The packing machines should be equipped with dust extraction arrangement such that the packing operation is performed under negative pressure. The dust may be captured in bag filters.
2. Provide adequate ventilation for the packing hall.
Adequate ventilation for the packing hall should be provided for venting out suspended particulars thereby ensuring dust free work environment.
3. Spillage of cement on floor shall be minimized and cleared daily to prevent fugitive emissions.
The spilled cement from the packing machine should be collected properly and sent for recycling.
The spilled cement on the shop floor should be swept by vacuum sweeping machines periodically.
Proper engineering controls to prevent the fugitive emissions may include arrangements like providing guiding plate, scrapper brush for removing adhered dust on cement bag etc.
4. Prevent emissions from the recycling screen by installing appropriate dust extraction system.
The vibratory screen provided for screening/ recycling spilled cement should be provided with a dust extraction arrangement to prevent fugitive emission from that section.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 15 of 28
J. Roads:
Sr.No.
Control Measures to be Provided Guidelines
1. All roads on which vehicle movement of raw materials or products take place should be paved.
The paved roads should be maintained as paved at all times and necessary repairs to be done immediately after damages to the road if any.
2. Limit the speed of vehicles. Limit the speed of vehicle to 10 Km/h for heavy vehicles with in the plant premises to prevent the road dust emissions.
3. Employ preventive measures to minimize dust build up on roads.
Preventive measures include covering of trucks and paving of access areas to unpaved areas.
4. Carry out regular sweeping of roads to minimize emissions.
Mitigative controls include vacuum sweeping, water flushing, and broom sweep.
5.4.2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS & RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED FOR FUGITIVE DUST
CONTROL
Title of Record to be maintained
Frequency of Recording Information to be recorded
Documents:
List of Fugitive Emission Management Systems (FEMS) installed
To be up-dated once in a year
Location of FEMS, marked on process flow diagram,
Identity Number
Type of FEMS,
Year of installation,
Operating Status
Technical Specifications of FEMS installed
Specification of Dust suppression system
As and when installed/modified
Locations of controlling emissions, Identity Number,
Supplier Name
Date of Commissioning,
Pump HP, flow rate in LPM
Pressure in kg/cm2 ,
Nozzles type, numbers, LPM
O&M instruction from supplier.
Specification of As and when Location of system installed, Identity
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Title of Record to be maintained
Frequency of Recording Information to be recorded
Dust Extraction cum APCD
installed/modified Number, Name of system supplier, date of commissioning, flow rate in m3/hr, Time, flow m3/hr, static pressure mm. Wc, velocity m/sec, Current Drawn by ID fan motor, operation & maintenance instruction from supplier.
Capacities of Open Storages Annually
For coal, limestone, clinker, gypsum, additives, fly ash
Dimensions, bulk density, Tons
Records Replacement of Damaged filter bags
As and when replaced
Number of Bags replaced, Date, Bag filter Identification number
Measurement of flow rate static pressure at bag filter inlet
Once a month
Bag filter Number, Date of monitoring, Time, flow m3/hr, static pressure mm Wc, velocity m/sec, Current Drawn by ID fan motor Name of the person
Stack Monitoring of all bag filters stack
Quarterly
Bag filter Number, Date of monitoring, Time, Measured Data in m3/hr and mm Wc, Name of the person, Current Drawn by ID fan motor, Dust concentration in mg/Nm3
Operational Details of Dust Suppression System
Daily
Quantity of material handled, Quantity of water sprayed, number of operational nozzles, water pressure at filter inlet and outlet, details of damaged nozzles and replacements,
Road Sweeping record Daily
Road location swept, date, length swept, dust quantity collected kg/day, watering frequency, quantity of water, Method of watering, dust disposal details
Quantity of coal in open storage Daily
Inventory of Existing storage, add on, retrieved on every day basis, Tons, Date
Quantity of Daily Inventory of Existing storage, add on,
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 17 of 28
Title of Record to be maintained
Frequency of Recording Information to be recorded
clinker in open storage
retrieved on every day basis, Tons, Date
Corrective actions taken for improving controls
As and when Details of modifications carried out, level of reduction in SPM achieved
Source: “Assessment of Fugitive Emissions & Development of Environmental Guidelines for Control of Fugitive Emissions in Cement Manufacturing Industries” - Central Pollution Control Board. Ministry of Environment & Forests, www.cpcb.nic.in
5.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The hazardous waste generated will be stored and handle as per The
Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2008.
Spent/waste oil from plants & machineries will be reused as lubricant within
premises / it will be sold to MoEF approved recyclers regularly.
The solid waste (i.e. cement dust) collected in different dust collection
system will be recycled in respective sections of the plant. Therefore, no
further management of solid waste is envisaged.
Record of hazardous waste generation and disposal shall be maintained on
printed logbook.
The unit will provide an isolated area for the hazardous waste storage within
premises having pucca floor and roof cover which will be expanded as per
the requirement.
The action sheet for mitigation of Hazardous and solid wastes is given Table-5.4
Table - 5.4: Action Sheet For Mitigation of Hazardous and solid Waste
Source Plants & Machineries, Primary and Secondary sources
Mitigation Measures
1. The hazardous waste likely to be generated will be stored in covered area.
2. Dust will be collected in different dust collection system and will be recycled in respective sections of the plant.
3. Spent oil will be reuse or sell to MoEF approved scrap vendors.
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 18 of 28
4. During monsoon season extra precautionary measures will be taken to prevent runoff.
Methodology of
Implementation
1. Analysis of the solid waste will be carried out periodically. 2. A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/
management of solid/hazardous waste generation will be maintained
5.6 NOISE CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
There will be slight increase in noise level due to proposed manufacturing
activities, due to mechanical equipments for the manufacturing of product.
The precautions to be taken for abatement of noise pollution are as follows,
Adequate noise control measures will be provided whenever required.
Extensive oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance will be carried out
for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.
The transport contractor shall be informed to avoid unnecessary speeding
of vehicles inside the premises.
Noise monitoring shall be done regularly at different parts of the plant.
Personal protective devices such as ear-muffs, ear-plugs etc. will be strictly
enforced for the workers engaged in high noise areas i.e. cement mill,
crushing unit etc.
The green belt area will be developed within industrial premises and
around the periphery to prevent the noise pollution in surrounding area.
Table – 5.5: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Noise Pollution
Source Process Plant & Transportation
Mitigation Measures
1. Strict adherence for maintenance schedule of various equipments.
2. Staffs to use earplugs at places where noise level exceeds 90 dBA.
3. Inform all transport contractors to avoid unnecessary speeding of vehicles inside the premises
Methodology of
Implementation
1. Periodically noise monitoring shall be done at various places inside the factory premises.
2. Playcard shall be displayed at various locations
____________________________________________________________________________________ Draft Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Satva Cement Industries Chapter-5 Enviormental Mangement Plan Page 19 of 28
5.7 APPLICATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Applications of CP mainly focus on preventing or minimizing the generation of
waste and gaseous emission. The basic idea of cleaner production is to avoid a
problem altogether rather than trying to find remedial measure by adopting
proactive approach of waste management. CP is nothing but a new and creative way of thinking about products and the
processes which are used to manufacture. Cleaner Production is continuous
ongoing process. It is achieved by the continuous application of strategies to
minimize the generation of waste and emission. As far as the production
processes are concern, CP is achieved by raw material and energy
conservation, by reducing quantum of emission and waste generation. CP
should be implemented by adopting the concept of product modification,
source reduction and recycling to acquire productive results.
There will be periodic arrangement of environmental training program to
create sensitivity among plant personnel towards environment.
For the operation of the plant, standard SOP will be followed.
The water generated from the scrubber attached to kiln will be reused for
the granulation purpose.
Dust Collected from various units will be recycled or reused in the plant
premises.
The used/spent oil will be reuse for oiling / greasing of equipments.
The exact electricity requirement in the plant premises will be identified to
conserve energy.
Proper working instructions will be given to all the workers in factory.
To reduce raw material handling loss, installation of raw material conveyor
system will be provided.
All the passages, floors and stairways will be maintained in good condition.
Sufficient disposable bins will be clearly marked and will be suitably located
in the plant.
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Roads/walkway within the plant will be maintained neat and clean.
Walkways will be clearly marked and free from obstructions.
5.8 APPLICATION OF CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
Cement is a defined chemical entity formed form predetermined ratio of
reactants at fairly precise temperature. Portland cement results from the
calcinations of lime stone and silica.
The production of 1 tone of cement produces 0.55 tone of chemical CO2 in
reaction that take place at high temperature. An addition of 0.44 tone of CO2 is
given off as a result of the burning of carbon fuel to provide the heat.
To put it simply, 1 tone of Cement produce = 1 tone of CO2 released. Without
altering the reaction chemistry of the cement the reaction component of this
CO2 can not change. The other 40 % of CO2 emission resulting from the fossil fuel
burn in the kiln could be fractionally reduced if modern operating efficiency
improvements could be made to existing kilns.
CO2 emission could be reduced by following methods:
Use of industrial by-products as raw mix component
Partially or completely calcined industrial wastes and by-products such as fly-
ash, blast furnace slag, lime sludge etc. can be effectively used in raw mix to
partially substitute limestone
Incineration of combustible wastes in kiln
Combustible wastes such as pet-coke, tyres, oil sludge, municipal wastes etc,
when co-fired as partial replacement of fossil fuel, can reduce CO2 emission.
Production of reactive belite clinker
Reduction in specific fuel consumption due to lower clinkering temperature
resulting in lower co2 emission
Increasing manufacture of blended cements
Use of energy efficient equipment/systems
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Grinding systems
improved ball mill internals
high efficiency separators
vertical roller mill
roller press
Pyro-processing
low pressure cyclones
high efficiency coolers
multi-channel burners
Material handling systems
Bucket elevator in place of pneumatic conveying systems
Process control systems
Expert control system
Electrical drives/fans
High efficiency fans
Variable speed fan drives
High efficiency motors
Use of solar & wind energy
Recovery of waste heat for cogeneration of power
Up to 25-30% of Total Power Requirement can be met through Cogeneration of
Power Utilizing Waste Heat in Cement Plant
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Figure-5.2: CO2 reduction methodology in Cement industry
5.9 APPLICATION OF ODS REDUCTION POTENTIAL FOR OXIDES OF NITROGEN
The only possible source of NOx emission from cement plant is Kiln. NOx emissions
should be controlled by using proper kiln design, low -NOx burners, and an
optimum level of excess air. NOx emissions from a dry kiln with preheater and
precalciners are typically 1.5 kg /ton of clinker, as against 4.5 Kg/t for the wet
Process.
In order to control NOx emission of kiln, an automatic kiln control system is
recommended to maintain constant burning conditions in kiln thereby reducing
the NOx emission. NOx will also be controlled by reducing the quantity of
emissions by lowering the excess air factor to a value, which is compatible with
oxidizing emissions of burning.
Emission Reduction of CO2
Decrease by Substitution
Decrease by reduction of
Energy Consumption
Strong Interaction
Of raw –meal Component
Of fossil fuels
Of clinker Of cement components
Of thermal energy
Of electrical energy
Recuperation
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5.10 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS
Environment Management Plan is prepared to reduce the likely adverse
impacts of the project based on existing socio economic profile in the area.
Environment Management plan would help smooth functioning of the project
and uplift of the quality of life of the people within or around the area will
generate direct / indirect employment and try to increase the economic
condition of the area.
The unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and for fulfill the social
obligations they will employ semi-skilled and skilled labor form the nearby
villages for the proposed project. The unit will also try to generate maximum
indirect employment in the near by villages by appointing local contractor
during construction phase as well as during operation phase. Apart form this the
unit will give their adequate and reasonable contribution for the following
action in the nearby villages,
Plantation all along the road side in nearby villages and development of
garden/greenbelt on government barren land/common plots.
Education aids & scholarship to poor students for higher education.
Organizing medical camp for the near by villagers.
Company will also cooperate and participate in the various activities
conducted by the government for the socio-economic development and
welfare of the society such as;
Participate in the medical camp organized in the villages.
Participate and cooperate in animal husbandry camp.
Participate in the Forestry Programme of state government.
Participate and Cooperate in Education Camp of state government.
Award scholarship to students for higher education.
Participate in the national programme organized on 15th August and 26th
January.
Participate in new school admission campaign.
Participate in Cleanliness Camp of state government.
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5.11 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
The main objectives of green belt are to provide a barrier between the plant
and surrounding area to prevent air and noise pollution. To maintain the
ecological balance project authorities are planning to develop green belt
around the plant. Green belt recommendations around the company premises
will be evolved as per CPCB norms for noise pollution control, balancing eco-
environment, soil erosion/protection, economic sustenance and aesthetics. The
scenario of planting arrangement and size will be based on the optimum use of
available land. Based on the agro-climatic conditions of the region, location
of proposed plant and physico-bio-chemical properties of the soil strata in
addition to the nature of pollutants and their rate of dispersion, it is suggested
to develop green belt around the plant. Plants suitable to abate the pollution
have been identified to be local plants.
The plant authorities have proposed to develop a green belt on the boundary
of the land acquired and on the plot which is on other side of the canal within
the acquired land. In addition to the green-belt planted around the project,
roadside plantation will also be required within the project.
The tree plantation shall be based on the following principles:
The plant shall be fast growing and indigenous
It shall be maintain ecological, land and hydrological balance of the region.
It shall be possess extensive foliar area to provide maximum impinging
surface for continued efficient adsorption and absorption of pollutants.
It shall be tall in peripheral curtain plantation, with large, spreading canopy
in the primary and secondary attenuation zones.
It shall be able to grow and thrive on soil of areas, be evergreen in habitat
having minimum of leaf fall.
It shall be efficient in absorbing pollutants without significant effects on plant
growth.
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In order to mitigate the air pollutants and to attenuate the noise generated by
the plant and also improving the ecology and aesthetics of the area, total area
provided for the green belt will be 1796 m2 which will be @ 22.19% of the total
area. Green belt is developed to avoid any kind of fugitive emission into
surrounding environmental in any case. Table 5.6(A) shows the details of plant
species development. The green belt development program (three years) for
the proposed plantation is shown in Table – 5.6(B)
Table – 5.6(A): Plantation Species
Sr. No. Botanical Name Vernacular Name No. of Plants
1. Azadirachata Limbdo 30 2. Anthocephalus Chinensis Kadamb 25 3. Babool Baval 25 4. Bouganvillea glabra Boganvila 20 5. Cassia siamea Kasod 25 6. Cassia fistula Amltas 20 7. Carica papaya Papayu 10 8. Eucalyptus sp. Nilgiri 20 9. Miscellaneous --- 25
Total 200
Table – 5.6(B): Three Year Program for Proposed Plantation Species
Proposed Plants 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year
200 100 60 40
In addition to the green belt development plan within the own industrial
premises, the unit propose to develop green belt on out side peripheral of the
industry premises and also develop the green belt in common plots, barren land
and along the road side in the nearby villages and contributes towards the
green belt development. Thus, the unit will contribute indirectly to develop
green belt on minimum 1000 m2 on such areas. Thus, total green belt
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development by the unit will come to 2796 m2, which will be around 35 % of the
total area occupied by the unit.
5.12 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL
All the project activities will be monitored to ensure that appropriate
environmental mitigation activities are implemented and to identify areas
where environmental management plan compliance is not satisfied. Effective
monitoring will allow corrective actions to be identified and implemented in a
timely manner.
One of the principal goals of environmental monitoring is the effective
observation of site conditions and work activities to:
Verify and document compliance with environmental requirement
Identify and document potential non compliance situations and initiate
corrective or remedial actions
Regular monitoring of environmental parameter will be made to find out any
deterioration in environmental quality. The head of environmental cell will be
responsible for total environmental management. The EMS broadly includes
Establishment and maintenance of documented environmental
objectives and targets at all relevant levels starting from quality assurance
of feed/fuels, at each relevant operation/function at individual utilities,
offsite, power modules units up to policy level of the organization
Allocating responsibilities at different levels for achieving the set
objectives and targets
Assessing the performance of environmental management system.
Periodic assessment studies by an independent agency would be highly
useful.
Development of a full fledged environmental management cell with
necessary infrastructure.
Regular monitoring of environmental parameter conducted in respect of
air, effluent quality, noise level and hazardous waste.
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The environmental management cell set up by the unit is given herewith in
Figure-5.3.
Figure-5.3. Organogram of Environment Management Cell
Apart from having an environment plan, it is also necessary to have a
permanent organizational set up for effective implementation of various
activities. In this effect, M/s. Satva Cement Industries will assign responsibility to
officer from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with
management and implementation of environmental control measures. The
management of the unit will keep adequate funds aside to meet with regular
expenses for the environmental control measures. Recurring cost for
environmental management plan is shown in Table- 5.7
Table –5.7: Recurring Cost for Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Sr. No. Description Recurring Cost
(Rs. In Lac. /Annum) 1. Air Pollution Control 2.00 2. Occupational Health 0.42 3. Green Belt 0.25 4. Community welfare 0.30 5. Environmental Monitoring 0.25 6. Statutory Compliance and Chartered Services 0.34 7. Noise Pollution 0.40
Total 3.96
Management Authority
Environment In charge
Operator and Field Assistance
Manager (Production)
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5.13 POST PROJECT MONITORING All the project activities shall be monitored to ensure that appropriate
environmental mitigation activities are implemented and to identify areas
where environmental management plan compliance is not satisfied. The
cement unit will schedule periodic investigations at predetermined locations
actions for effective monitoring and corrective actions to be identified and
implemented in a timely manner. Unit shall undertake monitoring work and
keep a close vigil on any deterioration of environmental quality in the project
area. Work place environment monitoring for particulate matter and silica will
be carried out as per Gujarat factories rules.
The schedule, duration and parameters to be monitored are described below
and summarized in Table – 5.8
Table – 5.8: Monitoring schedule and parameters
Source of monitoring Parameter Frequency of monitoring
Stack Emission SO2, Particulate Matter and NOx Monthly for each stack
Ambient Air SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx (2 location within the premises)
Monthly for each station
Ambient Noise Noise level in dB(A) (within the premises)
Monthly
Work Place Particulate Matter & silica Quarterly
Occupation Health X-ray, Blood test, Respiratory disease
Once in a year
CHAPTER-6
RISK ASSESSMENT,
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
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CHAPTER -6 6.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Risk assessment forms an integral part of any plan. Risk assessment is not only a
legal necessity but also a social requirement. Risk analysis consists of two parts
viz. Risk identification and risk assessment. Risk identification can be as simple as
asking “what if” questions at design review stage itself. Other method in use is
preparing a checklist of the normal hazards associated with a particular
situation or a piece of equipment. Risk assessment techniques are:
• Hazard and Operability Study (HZOP)
• Safety Studies
• Safety Indices
Risk is associated with disaster and a disaster is the product of a hazard such as
earthquake, flood or windstorm, coinciding with a vulnerable situation. There
are four basic types of hazardous events, which put societies at risk:
Those based in nature
Earthquakes, droughts, floods, avalanches etc.
Those based in violence
War, armed conflict, physical assault etc.
Those based in deterioration
Declining health, education and other social services, environmental
degradation etc.
Those based in the failings of industrialized society
Technical failures, effluent (chemical) discharge, factory explosions, fires,
gas leakages, transport collisions
RISK ASSESSMENT, SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
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6.1.1 RISK ASSESSMENT
On the basis of the field studies and analysis, the following major risks or
emergencies are identified associated with the proposed project:
Emergencies Type of Risk Project Execution Stage Risk Level
Accidents Human Related Construction as well as Operation Moderate
Fire Human Related Operation Low
Cyclone Natural Construction as well as Operation Low
Tsunami Natural Construction as well as Operation Low
Earthquake Natural Construction as well as Operation Low
In order to understand the variation in dust exposure and the risk of respiratory
disorders in workplaces, knowledge about the magnitude of variability in dust
exposure from day-to-day (within-worker) and between workers is important.
There are various evidences that there is a high risk for developing chronic
respiratory symptoms when working for many years in the dustiest work areas.
It was found that the majority of unacceptable risks were associated with
operation of the crusher, with the other major risks being cement inhalation and
catching of clothing or hair on rotating part. The possible sources are indicated
below;
Sr. No. Source Risk Factor Possible
Hazardous Remarks
1. Crusher Fugitive Emission
Nose, throat or lung irritation and choking., lung injury, Silicosis, eye irritation
• The dust should be controlled either by spraying water or by extracting to bag filter.
• Machinery with casing should be used to reduce the accidental risk.
• Proper maintenance should be carried out for all equipments.
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2. Transfer unit Fugitive Emission
Injury to the workers
• A competent person should be designated to supervise activities that require the use of cranes.
• Cranes should not be operated near any power lines.
• All picks should be carefully planned to ensure that the crane adequately hoist the load.
• The hoisting signals should be posted on the exterior of the crane.
• PPE should be provided to workers.
4 Kiln Heat Emission Skin Burns, Eye irritation
• Proper insulation
• PPE shall be provided to the workers,
6.1.2 MITIGATION MEASURES
In order to reduce a risk, the following hierarchy of controls should be
considered. Obviously elimination of a risk is most desirable, but if that is not
possible other options can be used to mitigate the risk level
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering
Administrative
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The use of PPE should be considered a last resort, as that simply offers physical
protection from the risk, rather than acting against the root cause.
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For risk mitigation/reduction, attempts should be made to either reduce
inventories that could get released in the event of loss of containment or failure
likelihood’s or both as feasible. Risk analysis identifies the major risk contributors,
which enables prioritization of the plant that deserve special attention in terms
of inspection and maintenance in particular and over all safety management
as a whole.
For the risk reduction, the following salient suggestions and recommendations
are made:
The dust exposure and health surveillance programme shall be carried out in
the factory to monitor risk area and to identify workers with respiratory health
problems as early as possible. More thrust shall be given to the workers
engaged in the dusty areas like crushers, packing etc. prone to the
This will involve engineering control of the work environment as well as
administrative control.
Periodically rotation of the workers among the different section of plant
shall be adopted to reduce the overall dust exposure.
On site and off site emergency response plan should be prepared and
circulated to concern persons.
Personnel at the proposed plant and public in surrounding area should be
made aware about the hazardous substance stored at the plant and risk
associated with them.
A written process safety information document should be compiled for
general use.
Personnel engaged in handling of hazardous material should be trained to
respond in an unlikely event of emergencies.
The plant should check and ensure that all instruments provided in the plant
are in good condition and documented.
Regular mock drills should be carried out once in every 3 months and
shortcomings should be recorded and rectified. Records should be
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maintained for the response of Mock Drills and corrective actions should
listed and taken accordingly.
6.2 SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Safety is an integral part of sound management and the absence of adequate
safety programmer result in avoidable injuries; loss of profits and lowering of
moral. The safety management includes the implementation of preventive
methods or accident prevention methods to avoid incident or accident and
handling of emergency in case of accident. Hazard is an inherent property of a
substance, agent, source of energy or situation having potential of causing
undesirable consequences & physical situation that may cause human injury,
damage to property or to the environment.
Following precautions shall be taken to avoid foreseeable accident like spillage
and to minimize the effect of any accident and to combat the emergency at
site level in case of emergency.
1) Various emergency spots in plant area will be identified and kept in sharp
and alert watch.
2) Protective equipments will be regularly checked and will be kept easily
accessible and easily workable during emergency.
3) Safety installations like available quantity of running water will be regularly
watched.
4) Fire buckets will be provided to withstand the fire or explosion conditions.
5) Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type, Water CO2 type,
CO 2 type) will be provided inside the factory premises.
6) General dilution ventilation will be provided to control dust levels below
applicable exposure limits.
7) Suggestions from the workers will always be welcomed to modify the
system as well as to make system more reliable and effective.
Following actions will be taken to train the employees for handling various safety
equipments,
1) Procedures of safe shut down and isolation.
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2) Actions to be taken if emergency arise from any collapsing of structures
or equipments etc.
3) Workers will be fed with the knowledge of safety measures and controls.
4) Dust and silica levels in excess of appropriate exposure limits will be
reduced by all feasible engineering controls, including ventilation,
process enclosure, and enclosed employee work stations.
5) Rehearsals will be provided so that on-site personnel can fully train
themselves for the emergency.
6) Emergency boards will be provided at the various places in Gujarati, Hindi
and English to materialize the emergency.
7) Suitable notices / boards shall be displayed at several locations indicating
appropriate hazards warning as well as DOs and DON’Ts for ensuring
operational and personal Safety for information of workers / staff and
visitors.
8) Suitable personal protective equipments will be provided to the workers
whenever needed & details of which is given in Table – 6.1
Table -6.1 Details of Personal Protective Equipments
Sr. No. Type Of PPE Name Of PPE
1. Inhalation Protection Dust Mask
Supported hand gloves Unsupported hand gloves 2. Hand Protection
Shock proof hand gloves Helmet Helmet ring 3. Head Protection Helmet with welding face shield
4. Face Protection Face shield 5. Eye Protection Safety goggles
Ear muff 6. Ear Protection
Ear plug 7. Foot Protection Safety shoes
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6.3 OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND REMEDIES
Hazard is an inherent property of a substance, agent, source of energy or
situation having potential of causing undesirable consequences & physical
situation that may cause human injury, damage to property or to environment.
Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational
hazard. The need of safety is to protect and serve the mankind, to search and
suggest the safe ways of behavior and keeping the safe working condition on
environment, health and welfare of the humanity.
6.3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF CEMENT DUST AND OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
The dust generated from cement plant could be categorized as inert dust or
nuisance dust and can be defined as dust that contains less than 1% quartz.
Because of its low content of silicates, nuisance dust has a long history of having
little adverse effect on the lungs. Any reaction that may occur from such dust is
potentially reversible. However, excessive concentration of nuisance dust in the
workplace may reduce visibility, may cause unpleasant deposits in eyes, ears,
and nasal passages and may cause injury to the skin or mucous membranes by
chemical or mechanical – action.
From an occupational health point of view, dust is classified by size into three
primary categories: Respirable, Inhalable and Total. Respirable dust refers to
those dust particles that are small enough to penetrate the nose and upper
respiratory system and deep into the lungs. Particles that penetrate deep into
the respiratory system are generally beyond the body’s natural clearance
mechanisms of cilia and mucous and are more likely to be retained. The
Inhalable dust is that size fraction of dust, which enters the body, but is trapped
in the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract. The median aerodynamic
diameter of this dust is about 10 microns. Total dust includes all airborne
particles, regardless of their size or composition.
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The concept of safety has developed through three stages: Accident
Prevention, Total Loss prevention and Total Loss Control. The potential health
aspects, impacts and remedies are shown in Table 6.2
Table 6.2: Potential Health Aspects, Impact and Remedies
Potential Health Aspect
Potential Health Effect First Aid Measures Remedies
INHALATION (acute)
Breathing dust may cause nose, throat or lung irritation and choking. The described
effect depends on the degree of exposure.
INHALATION (chronic)
Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause lung injury including silicosis. This
product may contain crystalline silica. Crystalline silica has been classified by
IARC as a known human carcinogen. Some human
studies indicate potential for lung cancer from crystalline silica exposure. Risk of injury depends on duration and
level of exposure. Long term exposures which result in
silicosis may result in additional health effects.
Move person to fresh air. Seek
medical attention for
discomfort.
Under ordinary conditions no
respiratory protection is
required. Wear a NIOSH approved
respirator when exposed to dust above exposure limits.
EYE CONTACT (acute/chronic)
May cause eye irritation, severe burns and damage to
cornea.
Rinse thoroughly with water. Seek
medical attention for abrasions.
Wear glasses or safety goggles to
prevent Contact with eyes. Wearing contact lenses when using this
product under dusty
conditions is not recommended.
SKIN CONTACT (acute/chronic)
May cause dry skin, redness, discomfort, irritation or severe burns. May produce allergic
reaction potentially associated with hexavalent chromium. Thickening of the
Wash with soap and water. Use
moisturizing creams
for irritated skin. Seek medical
Wear impervious gloves, shoes
and protective clothing to
prevent skin contact
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skin (scleroderma) may be associated with exposure to
high levels of Crystalline silica.
attention for burns.
INGESTION (acute/chronic)
Ingestion of large amounts may cause intestinal distress.
Do not induce vomiting, but drink plenty of
water. Seek Medical attention
for discomfort.
The following check-ups shall be carried out regularly to avoid occupational
hazard.
1) Pre-employment medical check-up at the time of employment.
2) Provision of periodic medical check up for all the employees
3) To provide necessary first aid facilities. The first aid training shall also be given
to the employees.
4) Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation shall be carried out
at frequent intervals.
5) The unit shall become member of EIS scheme.
6.3.2 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR FUGITIVE EMISSION
The primary objective of controlling fugitive emission is to improve the work zone
ambient air quality to an allowable extent. This allowable extent is generally
threshold limit values. For the cement manufacturing plant the following values
(presented in Table 6.3) are applicable.
Table 6.3: Permissible Dust Values Recommended by OSHA
Sr. No. Substance Type of Dust
Allowable concentration
mg/m3 Respirable Dust 5 1 Portland Cement Total Dust 10
Respirable Fraction < 5 % SiO2 2.4 2 Coal Dust Respirable Fraction > 5 % SiO2 10 Respirable Fraction 5 3 Inert/ Nuisance
Dust Total Dust 15