chapter 32 oral medications
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Chapter 32 Oral Medications. Question. Is the following statement true or false? An advanced practice nurse can write a medication order. Answer. True. An advanced practice nurse can write a medication order if legally designated to do so by state statutes. Medication Orders. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Chapter 32
Oral Medications
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QuestionQuestion
•Is the following statement true or false?
An advanced practice nurse can write a medication order.
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AnswerAnswer
True.
An advanced practice nurse can write a medication order if legally designated to do so by state statutes.
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Medication Orders Medication Orders
• Lists the drug name and directions for its administration
• Written on client’s medical records
• Written by medical personnel, physician’s assistant, or advanced practice nurse
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Medication Orders (cont’d)Medication Orders (cont’d)
• Components of medication orders
– Drug name: trade name
– Drug dose: the amount of drug to administer, prescribed using the relevant system of measurement
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Medication Orders (cont’d)Medication Orders (cont’d)
• Route of administration: how the drug is given
– Oral, topical, inhalant, or parenteral route
• Frequency of administration: how often and how regularly the medication is to be given
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QuestionQuestion
•The standard abbreviation for writing twice a day is?
a. q.d.
b. q.o.d.
c. b.i.d.
d. t.i.d.
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AnswerAnswer
c. b.i.d.
The standard abbreviation for writing twice a day is b.i.d.; q.d. stands for everyday, q.o.d. for every other day, and t.i.d. for three times a day.
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QuestionQuestion
•Which of the following is the most common route to administer medication?
a. Oral
b. Topical
c. Inhalant
d. Parenteral
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AnswerAnswer
a. Oral
The oral route is the most common route to administer medication. The topical route is used for skin application, inhalant for aerosol, and parenteral for injection.
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Medication Orders (cont’d)Medication Orders (cont’d)
• Verbal orders: instructions for client care that are given during face-to-face conversations
• Telephone orders: obtained from a physician during a telephone conversation
• Documented in the medication administration record
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Methods of Supplying MedicationsMethods of Supplying Medications
• Storing medications: medications remain locked until the drugs are administered
• Accounting for narcotics: federal laws regulate their possession and administration; nurses are responsible for an accurate account of their use and must keep a record of each narcotic used from the stock supply
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Methods of Supplying Medications (cont’d)
Methods of Supplying Medications (cont’d)
• Ways to supply drugs:
– Individual supply
– Unit dose supply
– Stock supply
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Medication AdministrationMedication Administration
• Applying the 5 rights safeguards against medication errors
• Calculating dosages is one of the 5 rights
• Oral medications are prepared and taken to the client’s bedside in a paper or plastic cup for administration
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Drug Calculation FormulaDrug Calculation Formula
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Preparing Medications SafelyPreparing Medications Safely
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Taking MedicationsTaking Medications
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Medication Administration (cont’d)Medication Administration (cont’d)
• Oral medications are administered by enteral tube if client cannot swallow them
• Documentation is required on medication administration record
• Nurses are ethically and legally responsible for reporting medication errors
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Nursing ImplicationsNursing Implications
• Nursing diagnoses
– Deficient knowledge
– Risk for aspiration
– Ineffective therapeutic regimen management
– Ineffective health maintenance
– Noncompliance
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General Gerontologic ConsiderationsGeneral Gerontologic Considerations
• The body constitution affects the way medications work
• The chemical properties of the medication determine the degree to which these age-related changes influence medication actions
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General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)
General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)
• Polypharmacy in older adults increases the risk for drug interactions and adverse medication reactions
• Taking more than one medication can cause mental changes
• Enteric-coated medications should never be crushed