chapter 3.1 understanding culture. what is culture? culture-the way of life of people who share...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 3.1
Understanding Culture
What is Culture?
• Culture-the way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customs– A culture is comprised
of 8 elements
What is Culture?
• Social groups- e.g. rich, poor, and middle classes– Ethnic groups- people
who share a common history, language, religion, and physical characteristics
What is Culture?
• Language- e.g. English, French, Spanish– Dialect- local form of a
language that differs from the same language in other areas
– The most unifying force for a group of people
What is Culture?
• Religion- e.g. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism
• Gives people meaning
• Helps to define right vs. wrong
• Helps shape different areas of the world
What is Culture?
• Christianity– Christians believe that
Jesus Christ was sent to Earth and died on a cross to save humanity.
What is Culture?
• Buddhism– To escape suffering,
people must follow the eightfold path (rules that lead to morality and wisdom) which leads to a blissful state (nirvana)
What is Culture?
• Hinduism– Believe in
reincarnation (after death the soul is reborn)
What is Culture?
• Islam– Believe in one God,
Allah
– Follow the teachings of the Quran (Koran)
• Of which the teachings Muhammad said were revealed to him by Allah
What is Culture?
• Judaism– Believe in one God,
Yahweh
– By following God’s laws in the Torah (first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible) Jews believe they will have peace with God and one another
What is Culture?
• Daily Life- e.g. how people eat, what foods they eat, clothes, and where they live
What is Culture?
• History- shapes how we view the world– Holidays/celebrations
– Major world events like WWII
– Victories/defeats
– Heroes
– Major disasters
What is Culture?
• Arts- e.g. painting, sculptures, architecture, dance, music, theater
What is Culture?
• Government- creates rules and laws– Democracy- powers rest with the people of the
nation– Dictatorship- absolute rule by a dictator who
usually assumes power by force– Monarchy- kings or queens are born into a
ruling family and inherit their power to rule
What is Culture?
• Economy- how people in society earn a living
What is Culture?
• Cultural diffusion- spreading new knowledge and skills to other cultures
• Culture region- different countries that have common traits– e.g. economies, governments, social groups
Chapter 3.2
Population Patterns
Population Patterns
• Death rate- number of people out of 1,000 who die each year
• Birthrate- number of people born each year for every 1,000 people
Population Patterns
• Since 1950, world food production has increased faster than population on all continents except Africa
• Famine- lack of food
Population Patterns
• Population distribution- where do you want to live?
• Population density- average number of people living in a square mile or kilometer
• (p.88)
Population Patterns
• Urbanization- movement from farms and villages to cities
• Emigrate- leave the country where you are born and move to another
• Refugees- people who flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster
Chapter 3.3
Resources and World Trade
Resources and World Trade
• Natural resources- products of the earth that people use to meet their needs– Renewable resources- cannot be used up or can
be replaced naturally– Nonrenewable resources- minerals found
within the earth that cannot be replaced• Coal, oil
Resources and World Trade
• Economic systems- sets rules for deciding what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and who receives them
Resources and World Trade
• 4 types of economic systems– Traditional- based on customs handed down
from generation to generation– Command- government makes all decisions– Market- individuals make decisions about what
& how to produce– Mixed- aspects of 2 of the above
Resources and World Trade
• Export- trade TO other countries
• Import- buy FROM another country
Resources and World Trade
• Barriers to trade– tariff- tax added to the price of goods that are
imported– Quota- number limit on how many items can be
imported from another country
Resources and World Trade
• Free Trade- removing trade barriers so that goods flow freely among countries– NAFTA, EU
Resources and World Trade
• Differences in Development– Developed countries- countries that have a
great deal of manufacturing– Developing countries- still working toward
industrialization
Chapter 3.4
Technology Shrinks the World
Effects of Technology
• Information revolution- people can talk instantly with others practically everywhere on earth
Effects of Technology
• Transportation technology
• Communication technology
Globalization
• Civic participation- being an involved citizen– Rights- benefits and protections guaranteed to
you by law– Responsibilities- duties you owe to other
citizens and your government
Globalization
• Interdependence- countries depend on one another for goods, materials, and the markets in which to sell goods
• Globalization- development of a WORLD culture and interdependent economy
• Read p.101