chapter 30 period 3
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TRANSCRIPT
Chapte
r 30
The Affluent Society
Economic
Miracle
Sourc
es
of
Eco
monic
G
row
th
Economy was rapidly
improving Many say it was due to
government and military
spending Auto and real estate industries
especially getting better
because of the spike in
population (10x larger w/ baby
boom) Average income rose $500 to
$1,800 At this point, America had the
highest standard of living in
the world
The R
ise o
f th
e
Modern
West
Up until this point, the West was the
East’s provider, never really an
economic power. Population increased because of the
addition of dams, power stations,
and highways to fulfill population’s
needs. Many Military contracts flowed to
factories in CA and TX
Petroleum and Oil industry
bloomed, giving more jobs
Good weather The UC and UT schools became the
best and largest schools in the
country Population rose over 50% between
1940 and 1960
The N
ew
Eco
nom
ics
The American economic
system was getting cockyThe US’s implementation of
Kynesian economics
was a contributing factor.Lack of limits for
economic growth led to
constant economic growth.
The Explosion of
Science and
Technology
Medic
al
Bre
akt
hro
ugh
Antibacterial drugs Based on discoveries by Louis
Pasteur and Jules Francois
Joubert Produced evidence that harmful
bacteria could be defeated by
more ordinary by ordinary
bacteria 1930, antibiotics used to treat
blood infectioins Penicilin Discovered in 1928 by
Alexander Fleming After finding a method that could
make large, usable quantities of
it, it became widely available in
1948
Medic
al
Bre
akt
hro
ugh (
2)
Immunization also improvedSmallpoc vaccine
invented in 18 th centuryTetanus shots used in
ww2Virus shots didnst start
coming out until 1930’sYellow fever, Polio,
Influenza
Pest
icid
es
Kept Plants free of bugs and bug infectionsUsually used DDT
Saved american solders from insect-carried diseaseApparently DDT had
long lasting harmful effects on people
Post
war
Ele
ctro
nic
Rese
arc
h
1940’s & 1950’s saw dramatic
development in electronic
technology 1940’s- Televisions, which made it
possible to broadcast sounds and
images to the general public
1950’s- Invented color televisions,
but weren’t commercially available
until the 1960’s In 1948, Bell Labs produced the first
transistor, which allowed for the
shrinkage of many devices
Integrated circuitry in the 1950’s
promoted complicated circuitry by
combining what used to be separate
components into a single, relatively
tiny chip.
Post
war
Com
pute
r Te
chnolo
gy
Up until the 1950’s, computers were used
only to perform complicated mathematical
tasks, like breaking military codes.
In 1950, the UNIVAC (Universal Automatic
Computer) was born and designed for the
US bureau of the cencus
It was able to handle alphabetically and
numerically organized information better
than its predecessors
In order to inform the Public of the UNIAC,
they decided to have it predict the
outcome of the upcoming elevtion
(Eisenhower vs Stevenson) on national
television. The public now knew computers existed.
Later, in the mid 1950’s, IBM introduced
the first data processing computers that it
successfully sold to businesses in the US,
making it the leader for years afterwards.
The U
NIV
AC
Bom
bs,
Rock
ets
, and M
issi
les
After the development of the
hydrogen bomb, which was
unlike any other bomb at the
time, US and Soviet Union were
re-inspired to find a way to send
an unmanned explosive from
point “a” to a distant point “b”.
In 1958, the first ICBM (inter
continental ballistic missiles)
were successful because of
alternate fuel supplies and new
generation guidance systems.
These were dubbed “Minute
Men” Also developed nuclear missiles
that could be fired by a
submarine underwater in 1960
The S
pace
Pr
ogra
m
Was originally developed to outdo the
Soviet Union, who released Sputnik into
the Earth’s orbit Launched the Explorer I soon
afterwards in January of 1958
In 1958, NASA proposed manned space
exploration May 5 1961, Alan Shepard- first
American to almost orbit the world.
Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin had
already orbited the earth.
Ebruary 2, 162- John Genn: 1st
American to orbit the earth. Became a
senator for a while, then came back at
the age of 77 to go on a space shuttle
mission. Soon afterwards, Gemini program
started, to carry 2 men at once in a
shuttle.
The S
pace
Pr
ogra
m (
cont)
Apollo program focused on putting man
on the moon After several setbacks, like a fire in 1067,
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, and
Micheal Collins landed on moons.
After 6 more missions, the last one being
in 1972, the government cut funding.
Then focused on near space travel and
further development of the space
shuttle, started in 1982
January 1986- Challenger exploded.
Shuttles were used to place and repair
Hubble Space Telescope into the orbit in
1990 The space program gave American
aeronautics tremendous boost and was
responsible for the development of
technologies that proved valuable in
other areas.
People of
Plenty
The C
onsu
mer
Cult
ure
At the center of middle-class culture
in the 1950s, as it had been for many
decades before, was a growing
absorption with consumer goods.
That was a result of increased
prosperity, of the increasing variety
and availability of products, and of
advertisers’ adeptness in creating a
demand for those products.
Consumers also responded eagerly
to the development of such new
products as dishwashers, garbage
disposals, televisions, hi-fis, stereos,
and automobiles. To a striking degree, the prosperity of
the 1950s and 1960s was consumer
driven (as opposed to investment
driven).
The C
onsu
mer
Cultu
re
The S
uburb
an
Nati
on
By 1960 a third of the nation’s
population was living in
suburbs—part of a demographic shift almost
without precedent in American
history. People moved from the cities
to the suburbs for many
reasons: to escape crowding,
crime, pollution, and high
costs; to find better schools for
their children; and sometimes
to escape racial and ethnic
diversity—to find a more
homogeneous community in
which to live.
“Levi
ttow
n”
“Levittown” consisted of several thousand two-bedroom Cape
Cod-Style houses, with identical interiors and only slightly varied
facades, each perched on its own concrete slab, facing curving,
treeless streets.
Levittown houses sold for under $10,000.
People went to the suburbs to escape the hassles of the city life.
The S
uburb
an
Fam
ily
The S
uburb
an
Fam
ily
For professional men suburban
life generally meant a rigid
division between their working
and personal worlds.
For many middle-class, married
women, it meant an increased
isolation from the workplace.
One of the most influential books
in postwar American life was a
famous guide to child rearing: Dr.
Benjamin Spock’s Baby and Child
Care. (1946). The purpose of motherhood he
taught, was to help children learn
and grow and realize their
potential. Feminism Weakened.
The B
irth
of
the
Tele
visi
on
The growth of televisions
developed rapidly shortly
after World War II. In 1946 there were only
17,000 sets in the country; by 1956, there
were 40 million television sets in use. T.V. > Refrigerators.
T.V. > newspapers
Trave
l, O
utd
oor
Recr
eati
on, and
Envi
ronm
enta
lism
It was not until the post
years that vacation travel
became truly widespread
among middle-income
Americans. Nowhere was this surge in
travel and recreation more
visible than in the nation’s
national parks, which
experienced the beginnings of what became
a permanent surge in
attendance in the 1950s.
Org
aniz
ed
Soci
ety
and Its
D
etr
act
ors
White collar workers came to
outnumber blue-collar
laborers for the first time, and
an increasing proportion of
them worked in corporate
settings with rigid hierarchical structures. The American educational
system responded to the
demands of this increasingly
organized society by
experimenting with changes
in curriculum and philosophy.
The B
eats
and t
he
Rest
less
Cult
ure
of
Youth
The most caustic critics of
bureaucracy were a group of
young poets, writers, and
artists generally known as the
“beats.” Generally wrote harsh
critiques of American life.
The beats were the most
visible evidence of a
widespread restlessness
among young Americans in
the 1950s. Also what was disturbing was
the style to what the youth
culture were developing.
Slicke
d-B
ack
hair
Rock
‘n’ Roll
One of the most powerful
signs of the restiveness of
American youth was the
enormous popularity of rock
’n’ roll. One of the greatest early
rock star was Elvis Presley. The rise of such white rock
musicians as Presley was a
result in part of the limited
willingness of white audiences to accept black
musicians.
Pove
rty
in
Am
eri
ca
1960, 30 million americans
living below poverty line
80% of poverty were
temporarily or recently
20% were Blacks, Hispanics,
and most significantly,
Native Americans Farmer’s national income
decreases “The Other America” by
Michael Harrington highlighted the existence of
poverty in America
Pove
rty
cont.
Significant growth of
inner-city neighborhoods Why did they remain
continually impoverished? Urban Renewal Juvenile crime
Bro
wn v
. B
oard
of
Educa
tion o
f To
peka
Decision of the supreme court made May 17, 1954
“Separate but equal” no longer valid
Combined effort
Thurgood Marshall, William Hastie, and James Narbit
Brown decision helps spark a growing number of popular challenges to segregation
Cause
s of
the
Civ
il R
ights
M
ove
ment WWII Growth of an Urban
black Middle-class Television and other
forms of pop culture
Eis
enhow
er
First Republican administration in 20 years
“What was good for our country was good for General Motors, and vice versa.”-Charles Wilson
Appointed wealthy corporate lawyers and business executives
Limited Federal power and encouraged private enterprise
Eis
enhow
er
cont.
Sustained welfare policies of the New Deal Federal Highway Act
of 1956 $25 billion for a 25 year project 400,000 miles of
interstate highways.
John F
ost
er
Dulle
s Dominant figure in the nation’s foreign policy “Massive retalliation” was
most prominent of his innovations
France
, A
meri
ca, and
Vie
tnam
The war in Korea and
Eisenhower July 27, 1953 negotiators at
Panmunjom sign an agreement to end
hostilities France had been attempting to re-obtain
Vietnam Vietnam hopes to gain
help from U.S. France ends it’s commitment to Vietnam
at an international conference in Geneva
Cold
-War
Cri
sis
U.S. foreign policy:Containment Fidel Castro marches
into Havana, Cuba, January 1, 1959
U.S. isolates itself from Cuba and the Soviet Union steps in
The U
-2 C
risi
s Kruschev renews the
demands of his predecessors U.S. welcomes him
cool and polite
Eis
enhow
er’
s Fa
rew
ell
Adre
ss leaves caution with
both international and domestic affairs
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