Chapter 3:Why We Need Flexible Instructional Media

Janet, Peg, Jim, & Ashley

• re-presents spoken language• Reduces demands on memory

• Revisit notes• Helps us stay on course (note taking)

• Communicates information more exactly

TEXT: Advantages

Qualities of Speech•Varies with context•Chief Limitation• Demand it makes on the memory of the audience

•Advantages• Versatility• Expressive Power

Understanding Speech:Recognition Networks•Conveys sequence of shared-meaning elements we call words•Prior knowledge•Context•Hearing and differentiating individual sounds (phonemes)•Attaching meaning to words•Rapid sequence•Visual Ques•Semantic Recognition (attaching meaning to words)• Example: rock

•Barriers• Hearing impairment• Speed of processing spoken language

Understanding Speech:The Role of Strategic Networks

•Listening requires heavy participation of the brain’s strategic networks• Memory demands

•Active Listening•Verbal working memory•Concentration

Understanding Speech:The Role of Affective Networks

•Listeners must stay actively engaged• Emotional content• Tone of voice

• Lacks the expressiveness of speech• Bound by conventions

TEXT: Limitations

Reading Text….It’s Greek to Me!• Letter-Recognition Issues• Letter-Sound Issues• Word Meaning

• Reading for meaning

Good Readers….…can re-create emotion.

Although text reduces the demand on memory and gives visual cues, it presents “new

and different barriers” for students.

The Qualities of Images:Advantages

•Images give you everything at once while languages is linear and sequential•Images can convey emotion and feeling more directly than text•Images can convey mood and relationships, and don’t require decoding

The Qualities of Images:Disadvantages

•Although they can simplify complex information, sometimes they can require practice and training to interpret•Many times can be inferior to language•They can make unique demands on the nervous system

Understanding Images:The Role of Strategic Networks

•Require the ability to recognize size, depth, and movement•Some students have problems understanding the overall idea of the image

Understanding Images:The Role of Strategic Networks•Requires analysis of parts and wholes•Viewers create strategies according to their own purposes and the nature of the image themselves•Learners can be distracted while viewing the images’ unimportant elements

The Role of Affective Networks•Emotional preoccupation may prevent the intended message•However, positive affective engagement may feed an individual’s interest

IN GENERAL….Images offer overlapping

but unique advantages and disadvantages!

The Power of Digital Media

The Power of Digital Media

• Digital Media can save text, speech, and images

• In a classroom, they are versatile, transformable, able to be marked, and they can be networked.

Versatile

• Digital Media can be Different Formats– Text– Still Image– Sound– Moving Image– Or a combination of them all

Text I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have

a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

TextI say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a

dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.“

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

Image

Image

Sound

Speech

Transformable

• They can change appearances.

• They can change the size of the text

• Or the VOLUME of the sound

• Or the color of an image

Can be Marked

• Information can be stored as tagged.• Allows flexibility with accommodations• Similar to a highlighter, but can be hidden if

needed.

Can be Networked

• You can easily share digital media across the world.

• Wiki’s• Youtube• Facebook

Implications for Education

• Will be able to help all learners• Removes Barriers– Closed Captions– Text to Speech– Talking Books

– The Future is NOW!!!