Chapter 3: The First Chapter 3: The First PeoplePeople

Tens of thousands of years ago, Tens of thousands of years ago, people lived in South Carolina.people lived in South Carolina.

These people left no _______ records.These people left no _______ records.We know they existed and lived here We know they existed and lived here because of uncovered __________, ________, and because of uncovered __________, ________, and _____._____.

These uncovered items are called ______________.These uncovered items are called ______________.

Standard 8-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the settlement of South Standard 8-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the settlement of South Carolina and the United States by Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. Carolina and the United States by Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. 8-1.1 Summarize the culture, political systems, and daily life of the Native Americans of 8-1.1 Summarize the culture, political systems, and daily life of the Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands, including their methods of hunting and farming, their use of the Eastern Woodlands, including their methods of hunting and farming, their use of natural resources and geographic features, and their relationships with other nations. (H, natural resources and geographic features, and their relationships with other nations. (H, G, P)G, P)

Early Indian CulturesEarly Indian Cultures pages 70-79 pages 70-79

Woodland Indians Woodland Indians page 75page 75 The _________ Era began about 1000 B.C. and The _________ Era began about 1000 B.C. and

lasted about 2000 years.lasted about 2000 years. Some tribes from this period were the Some tribes from this period were the CreekCreek and and

ChoctawChoctaw..Over time, the Over time, the Woodland IndiansWoodland Indians began to began to

___________ plants and animals and live in ___________ plants and animals and live in ________. ________. They started _________ along with ________ and They started _________ along with ________ and

_________._________.Important crops were the “Three Sisters of Native Important crops were the “Three Sisters of Native

American agriculture: American agriculture: maizemaize, , beansbeans, and , and squashsquash..As a result of As a result of farmingfarming their populations their populations

_______._______.Because of Because of farmingfarming they also started they also started

building permanent _________ and living in building permanent _________ and living in one area.one area.

They also started producing ________ to store They also started producing ________ to store food. food.

Mississippian Indians Mississippian Indians page 76page 76

About 700 A.D. the Indians in South Carolina About 700 A.D. the Indians in South Carolina entered into the _________ Era, lasting about 1600 entered into the _________ Era, lasting about 1600 years.years. These Indians ______ more than earlier Indians.These Indians ______ more than earlier Indians.

Their diets depended on the ____, _____, squash, and Their diets depended on the ____, _____, squash, and pumpkins they grew. pumpkins they grew.

They also built permanent _________ and _______.They also built permanent _________ and _______. The _______ were often built in the center of the The _______ were often built in the center of the

villages and served two functions:villages and served two functions: Some were used as _______ places for their dead.Some were used as _______ places for their dead. They were also used to build ______ buildings, _______, They were also used to build ______ buildings, _______,

and the _______ house.and the _______ house. Their use of Their use of hieroglyphicshieroglyphics make them one of the most make them one of the most

highly developed civilizations north of _______.highly developed civilizations north of _______. WomenWomen also had important roles in Mississippian also had important roles in Mississippian

culture and often held the position of ____.culture and often held the position of ____. The Mississippian culture is the culture The Mississippian culture is the culture

___________ explorers found in the 16___________ explorers found in the 16thth and 17 and 17thth centuries. centuries.

American Indians in South CarolinaAmerican Indians in South Carolina Page 79Page 79

Most Europeans who came to South Carolina considered Most Europeans who came to South Carolina considered American IndiansAmerican Indians to be ___________. to be ___________.

However, they were very civilized but just not by ________ However, they were very civilized but just not by ________ standards.standards.

Europeans viewed Indians as Europeans viewed Indians as childish savageschildish savages, , mistreated and took the Indians mistreated and took the Indians landland and and liveslives..

_______ were the original slaves, taken from their homes _______ were the original slaves, taken from their homes in the Americas to work plantations in the Caribbean. in the Americas to work plantations in the Caribbean.

Native Americans came to form a bond with enslaved Native Americans came to form a bond with enslaved ________ who were also treated harshly.________ who were also treated harshly.________ and _______ often intermarried and _______ frequently ________ and _______ often intermarried and _______ frequently hid escaped slaves.hid escaped slaves.

Native AmericansNative Americans contributed greatly to the contributed greatly to the success of success of EuropeansEuropeans in the New World. in the New World.

Many of the Many of the foodsfoods still eaten today were originally still eaten today were originally cultivated by Indians and as well as many words and cultivated by Indians and as well as many words and names for things and places are Indian. names for things and places are Indian.

Standard 8-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the settlement of South Carolina and the United States by Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. 8-1.1 Summarize the culture, political systems, and daily life of the Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands, including their methods of hunting and farming, their use of natural resources and geographic features, and their relationships with other nations.

American Indians and the Europeans Page 79

South Carolina Indians South Carolina Indians Pages 80-81Pages 80-81 By the time By the time ________________ arrived in 1492, there arrived in 1492, there

were only about 2.5 million Indians in the were only about 2.5 million Indians in the US and Canada.US and Canada. At this same time, _____ _______ only had a At this same time, _____ _______ only had a

population of about 15,000.population of about 15,000.By 1775 only about ______ Indians remained. By 1775 only about ______ Indians remained.

Why?Why? Indians had little _________ to diseases Indians had little _________ to diseases

brought by Europeans.brought by Europeans. The ________ in South Carolina belonged to The ________ in South Carolina belonged to

four different language groups: four different language groups: IroquoianIroquoian, , SiouanSiouan, , AlgonquianAlgonquian, , andand MuskhogeanMuskhogean..

The __________ were the main Iroquoian The __________ were the main Iroquoian speaking tribe in South Carolina and were speaking tribe in South Carolina and were the most important tribe living in the the most important tribe living in the state.state. They lived in the northwestern part of South They lived in the northwestern part of South

Carolina, western North Carolina, and Carolina, western North Carolina, and northeastern Georgia.northeastern Georgia.

American Indian Culture American Indian Culture Pages 81-Pages 81-8484

Divide into three groupsDivide into three groupsEach group will find important details Each group will find important details

for:for:

Agriculture, Diet, and ShelterAgriculture, Diet, and ShelterYou have 15 minutesYou have 15 minutes

Cultural Institutions Cultural Institutions Page 84-86Page 84-86 ________ differed from tribe to tribe, but rituals ________ differed from tribe to tribe, but rituals

were often the primary focus.were often the primary focus. Though most tribes had ceremonies for many things, the Though most tribes had ceremonies for many things, the

___ played a big part in Indian religion and certain ___ played a big part in Indian religion and certain ________ were worshipped.________ were worshipped.

The believed in an The believed in an afterlifeafterlife and believed in and believed in proper burials, if not done so they believed the proper burials, if not done so they believed the spirit of the dead continued to ____ the earth. spirit of the dead continued to ____ the earth.

Not all tribes were ______ and did not engage in Not all tribes were ______ and did not engage in war.war. Other tribes believed ____ was glorious; they frequently Other tribes believed ____ was glorious; they frequently

raided neighboring tribes.raided neighboring tribes. Men were often looked down on boys until they could prove Men were often looked down on boys until they could prove

themselves in battle.themselves in battle. Their primary weapon was the ____ and _____; Their primary weapon was the ____ and _____;

clubs and hatchets were often used.clubs and hatchets were often used. The greatest prize was to take the _____.The greatest prize was to take the _____.

Wars had to be considered by much discussion Wars had to be considered by much discussion among _____ ______.among _____ ______. Most wars were fought for ________; killing a person Most wars were fought for ________; killing a person

meant the family was to kill the murderer of family meant the family was to kill the murderer of family member regardless of self-defense.member regardless of self-defense.

Government Government pages pages 86-8886-88

_________ structure varied from tribe _________ structure varied from tribe to tribe.to tribe.Most Indian governments were _____ Most Indian governments were _____

dominated; but _______ sometimes dominated; but _______ sometimes served as tribal leaders.served as tribal leaders.

The ____ made the final decisions; but The ____ made the final decisions; but was assisted by a group of advisers was assisted by a group of advisers known as the tribal _______.known as the tribal _______.

One member of the tribe the _______ One member of the tribe the _______ ___ played an important role in both ___ played an important role in both government and religion.government and religion.Medicine men usually had a great deal Medicine men usually had a great deal

of respect in the tribe and his word was of respect in the tribe and his word was often heeded as prophecy.often heeded as prophecy.

Daily Life Daily Life Page 88Page 88 Everyday life of Indians in South Carolina Everyday life of Indians in South Carolina

centered around preparing ____ and centered around preparing ____ and building ______.building ______. Craft activities such as ________, basket Craft activities such as ________, basket

weaving, and carved dugout ______.weaving, and carved dugout ______. Clothing was made from animal hides, Clothing was made from animal hides,

usually _____ and ____ skins.usually _____ and ____ skins. The Indians wasted very little using the _____, The Indians wasted very little using the _____,

ligaments and tendons; they will even use ligaments and tendons; they will even use guts; they even sometimes ate the guts.guts; they even sometimes ate the guts.

HidesHides could also be used to carry water. could also be used to carry water. Indians also used ____ and _____ for Indians also used ____ and _____ for

medicines.medicines. _________ and ______ adopted many of the Indian _________ and ______ adopted many of the Indian

remedies. remedies. BathingBathing was an very important ritual. was an very important ritual. Including using sweat lodges; today's Including using sweat lodges; today's

saunas. saunas.

Test on FridayTest on Friday