chapter 3 summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER III
Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Spiders are ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems and abundant in both natural and
agricultural habitats. It has therefore been assumed that spiders play a significant role in
suppressing insect pest population. It also plays an important role as stabilizing agent or
regulators of insect populations in agro ecosystems, forest ecosystems, and in terrestrial
ecosystem.
This research study was established through collection of species of spiders and
insects, preparation of cage set up (A,B & C) and improvised terrarium and gathering of data
by observation.
Findings
The goal of this research study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of spiders
as biological control agent for the suppression of insect pest in plants.
To meet this goal the study revealed the following:
1. Spiders are capable of suppressing or minimizing the number of insect pest in plant by
73% for Heteropoda sp. (Crab Spider), 60% mortality rate for Argiope sp. 47% mortality
rate for Neoscona sp. and 40% mortality rate for cage B.
2. Based on the p- value which is 0.005 using t-Test two sample assuming unequal variance,
there is a significant difference on the number of spider species used and the number of
insect pest being killed or eaten.
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3. The average insect feeding capacity of each selected spiders are: 1.8 insects per day for
Argiope sp., 1.2 insects per day for Gasteracantha sp., 1.4 insects per day for Neoscona
sp. and 2.2 insects per day for Heteropoda sp.
4. The spider that has the highest feeding capacity been spider D ( Heteropoda sp.)
consuming a total of eleven numbers of insects within five days. In contrast, the lowest
feeding capacity on the four genera of spiders was spider B (Gasteracantha sp.)
consuming only a total of six (6) numbers of insects.
Conclusions
From the above findings the following conclusion are made.
1. Feeding activity of selected species of spiders manifest that they are capable of
minimizing the number of insect pest that destroy plants.
2. There is a significant difference on the number of spider species used and the number of
insect pest being killed or eaten.
3. The average feeding capacity of each selected species of spiders was highest in
Heteropoda sp., moderately high in Argiope sp., moderately low in Neoscona sp. and
lowest in Gasteracantha sp.
4..The species with the highest feeding capacity among the four genera of spiders was
Heteropoda sp. which consumed an average of 2.2 insects per day and a total of eleven
(11) insects within five days observations.
Recommendations
Based from the findings and conclusion formulated in this research study, the
following recommendations are hereby proposed:
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1. Use of different species of spiders and insects representing each genus to identify their
feeding capacity.
2. Conduct a study through actual/direct observation in the fields. Compare the results
between experimental study and actual observation in the fields.
3. Use more appropriate materials and equipment in the study.
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Appendices
Appendix 1.1 Feeding Activity of Spiders for Day 1
Species of Spiders No. of
Spider/s percage
No. of Insects
per cage
No. of Insects
Survival percage
% Insects
Mortality percage
Argiope sp.
Gasteracantha sp. Neoscona sp.
Heteropoda sp.
2
22
2
15
1515
15
13
1314
13
13.33
13.336.67
13.33
Appendix 1.2Feeding Activity of Spiders for Day 2
Species of Spiders No. of Spider/s
per cage
No. of Insects
per cage
No. of Insects
Survival per
cage
% Insects
Mortality per
cage
Argiope sp.Gasteracantha sp.
Neoscona sp.
Heteropoda sp.
22
2
2
1313
14
13
1112
12
10
15.387.69
14.29
23.08
Appendix 1.3 Feeding Activity of Spiders for Day 3
Species of Spiders No. ofSpider/s per
cage
No. of Insects per cage
No. of InsectsSurvival per
cage
% InsectsMortality per
cage
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Argiope sp.
Gasteracantha sp. Neoscona sp.
Heteropoda sp.
2
22
2
11
1212
10
9
1110
8
18.18
8.3316.67
20
Appendix 1.4 Feeding Activity of Spiders for Day 4
Species of Spiders No. of Spider/s
per cage
No. of Insects
per cage
No. of Insects
Survival per
cage
% Insects
Mortality per
cage
Argiope sp.Gasteracantha sp.
Neoscona sp.
Heteropoda sp.
22
2
2
911
10
8
810
9
6
11.119.09
10
25
Appendix 1.5 Feeding Activity of Spiders for Day 5
Species of Spiders No. of Spider/s per cage
No. of Insects per cage
No. of InsectsSurvival per
cage
% InsectsMortality per
cage
Argiope sp.
Gasteracantha sp.
Neoscona sp.
Heteropoda sp.
2
2
2
2
8
10
9
6
6
9
8
3
25
10
11.11
50
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Appendix 2Summary of Feeding Activity of Spiders
Species of Spiders Average % Mortality
Argiope sp.
Gasteracantha sp.
Neoscona sp.
Heteropoda sp.
60%40%
47%
73%
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Name: Pablo A. Ragay Jr
Profession: Student
Address: Northern Junob,
Dumaguete City
Provincial Address: Negros Oriental
Age: 19 years old
Date of Birth: August 2, 1994
Civil Status: Single
Name of Parents:
Mother: Joventina A. Ragay
Father: Pablo G. Ragay Sr.
Educational Attainment:
Elementary: West City Elementary School
Secondary: Negros Oriental High School
Tertiary: Negros Oriental State University
Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education
major in Biological Science
Organization:
Name of Organization Position
Life Science Society Secretary
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Name: MavreenSiegred E.Rado
Profession: Student
Address: Barangay 4, Poblacion, Siaton,
Negros Oriental
Provincial Address: Negros Oriental
Age: 19 years old
Date of Birth: January 28, 1995
Civil Status: Single
Name of Parents:
Mother: Menchie E. Rado
Father: Jovenal P. Rado
Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Felipe Tayco Memorial School
Secondary: Siaton National High School
Tertiary: Negros Oriental State University
Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Biological Science
Organization:
Name of Organization Position
Life Science Society Member
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Name: Roygen T. Pesalbon
Profession: Student
Address: SitioSamoyao, Barangay
Yupisan, Pamplona
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Provincial Address: Negros Oriental
Age: 20 years old
Date of Birth: November 05, 1993
Civil Status: Single
Name of Parents:
Mother: Evelyn T. Pesalbon
Father: Dioscoro R. Pesalbon
Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Samoyao Elementary School/ Ilalan Elementary School
Secondary: Isidoro Salma Memorial High School
Tertiary: Negros Oriental State University
Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Biological Science
Organization:
Name of Organization Position
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Name: Keiryl A. Agustin
Profession: Student
Address: Poblacion, Mabinay
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Age: 18 years old
Date of Birth: November 14, 1995
Civil Status: Single
Name of Parents:
Mother: Angie A. Agustin
Father: Eulogio E. Agustin Jr.
Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Mabinay Central School
Secondary: Mabinay National High School
Tertiary: Negros Oriental State University
Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Biological Science
Organization:
Name of Organization Position
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