CHAPTER 3 SECTION 4THE FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

RIVALS FOR AN EMPIRE France’s North American Empire

1750’s: France & Great Britain were rivals Both wanted control of North America (fur trade, plantations,

trade, cash crops, natural resources) France controlled: St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes Area,

Quebec, western Pennsylvania, & Mississippi River to New Orleans.

French colonies much different than British colonies. French viewed Native Americans as trade partners, NOT

enemies English colonists supported G.B. because they wanted to

expand westward.

France’s North American Empire

Jacques Cartier explored St. Lawrence River

Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec 1st French Settlement in North America

1682- Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle Entire Mississippi Valley for France

70,000 French Colonists

NORTH AMERICA

BRITAIN DEFEATS AN OLD ENEMY

How did the French & Indian War begin?

France built Fort Duquesne in Ohio Virginia government sold land in Ohio Valley to

wealthy planters. July 1754: Virginia sent militiamen to Fort Necessity

(fort near Fort Duquesne) to order the French to leave. led by 22 year old colonel George Washington

Washington & his men were forced to surrender. Battle at Fort Necessity was the beginning of the

French & Indian War.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVEmOVnS9BE

Early French Victories

Washington goes back into battle as an aide for general Edward Braddock

1,500 soldiers neared Fort Duquesne, but were ambushed and retreated

1755-1756- French troops & Native American allies continually defeated British & colonial troops.

France wanted to keep their colonies in Canada, Ohio River Valley, Northern Mississippi River to Louisiana.

Pitt & the Iroquois Turn the Tide

William Pitt named General of British Army

Iroquois Native Americans decided to join the British instead of France.

1759: Britain took the French capital of Quebec

1763: French & Indian War ended. (Treaty of Paris)

Great Britain claimed Canada, all of North America east of Mississippi River.

Spain kept all their land west of the Mississippi River.

Victory Brings New Problems

Great Britain now controlled the Ohio River Valley (Western Pennsylvania/Ohio)

1763 - Ottawa leader Pontiac realizes that a French loss is a Native American Loss

would create problems for colonists & British

Captured 8 British forts in Ohio Valley

British officers gave smallpox-infested blankets to Natives

Proclamation of 1763: Britain banned settlement west of Appalachian Mountains to avoid contact with Native Americans

Established a Proclamation Line of where not to cross

Proclamation of 1763 angered colonists, and could not be enforced

THE COLONIES & BRITAIN GROW APART

Colonists believed that British didn’t care about their needs or rights.

Britain was suffering from a financial depression from fighting the war

Britain decided that the colonists needed to pay. Britain would use taxes to acquire colonial money.

Problems Resulting from War

Authorized use of writs of assistance general search warrant that allowed British custom officials to

search any colonial ship, building, & house. Merchants in Boston were outraged that their privacy was taken

from them

British government stationed 10,000 British soldiers in new territories to control Native Americans & French Colonists

saw a standing British army as a threat against their lives & their freedom.

Wanted to stop smuggling, put George Grenville in charge

SUGAR ACT

Parliament to enact a law known as the Sugar Act.

The Sugar Act did three things: halved the duty on foreign made molasses. Placed duties on certain imports that had never been taxed

before Strengthened enforcement of law allowing prosecutors to try

smuggling cases in a court decided by one judge & not a colonial jury.

COLONISTS COMPLAINED THAT PARLIAMENT COULD NOT TAX THEM & THAT PARLIAMENT WAS VIOLATING THEIR RIGHTS & FREEDOM.