EARTH’S HUMAN & CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

BIG QUESTION What factors bring about change in

cultures?Brainstorm and write in a one-paragraph response.

Main Idea: Geographers study how people and physical features are distributed on Earth’s surface.

WORLD POPULATION

POPULATION INCREASE IN INDIA https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=74ej9loZI-c

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cG3aZgZOlWM

Why is this a problem? How may it be solved?

POPULATION GROWTH The world’s

population has increased rapidly in the past two centuries, creating many new challenges.

More than 6 billion people live on the Earth today.

Has the population in our community increased or decreased in recent years? (Think about new schools opening)

REASONS FOR POPULATION GROWTH Death rate has

decreased Better health care Better living

conditions Food supplies

more available

Birth rate has increased High birth rates in

Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Death rate (mortality rate) is the number of deaths per year fro every 1,000 people.

Birth rate is the number of children born each year for every 1,000 people.

http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/world-life-expectancy-map

http://www.prb.org/publications/datasheets/2013/2013-world-population-data-sheet/world-map.aspx#map/world/population/2013

What conclusions can you draw from this map? List at least 3 on your paper

ISSUES WITH POPULATION GROWTH More food is needed for larger

populations. Warfare and crop failures can lead to

famine. Shortages of water & housing. More schools & hospitals required. Famine is a severe lack

of food.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK #1 (ANSWER ON A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER)

What has caused population growth in the last 200 years?

WHERE PEOPLE LIVE The Earth’s

population is not evenly distributed.

Land only covers 30% of the Earth’s surface.

Humans live on only half the available land.

Deserts, mountains, and ice-covered lands cannot support large numbers of people.

Do we live in an urban, suburban, or rural area? What are the advantages & disadvantages of living here?

TURN AND TALK Talk to your partner and convince them

of the right answer!

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Even on usable land, population is not

evenly distributed. People prefer areas that include:

Fertile soil Mild climates Natural resources Water resources Cities (access to jobs)

POPULATION DENSITY Some parts of the world are thickly settled

while some areas are not. The eastern seaboard of the United States

(the area from Boston, MA to Richmond, VA) has a high population density.

The area of the United States that includes the Rocky Mountains (Montana to New Mexico) has a low population density.

Population density is the average number of people living in a square mile. To arrive at this figure, divide total population by total land area.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK #2 Why does much of the world’s

population live on a relatively small area of the Earth?

KNOWLEDGE CHECK #3

Answer with your flashcards (A, B, C, D)A population will most likely grow if…A. Its fertility rate is greater than its birthrateB. Its infant mortality rate is greater than its

mortality rateC. Its mortality rate is greater than its birth rateD. Its birthrate is greater than its mortality rate

POPULATION MOVEMENT Large numbers of

people migrate from one place to another.

Throughout history, millions of people have moved from one place to another.

People continue to move today as individuals or as part of a larger group.

Have you or your family ever moved?

ESSAY ASSIGNMENT- HOMEWORK Use internet research to identify at

least two potential problems that may result from a continued growth in world population. 2-3 paragraphs, describe one

problem /paragraph

TYPES OF MIGRATION Internal migration: moving from place to

place within the same country. Urbanization: growth of cities caused by

people moving from farm areas to cities in search of work.

International migration: moving from one country to another.

Emigrate: to leave the country where you were born and move to another country.

Immigrant: a person moving into a country from another country.

REASONS PEOPLE MOVE “Push” Factors: convince people to leave

their current home. (for example, a shortage of jobs.)

“Pull” Factors: attract people to come to a new place. (for example, availability of jobs.)

Refugees: people who are forced to flee to another country to escape wars, persecution, or disasters.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK #4- WRITE THEN TURN AND TALK

What are some reasons a person may leave a country? (Push factors)

What are some reasons a person may enter a country? (Pull factors)

IMPACT OF MIGRATION Country experiences a decrease in

population (this can ease overcrowding) If the skilled workers leave a country, it

can hurt that country’s economy. Positive effects on immigrant’s country:

bring new forms of music, art, foods, and language

Negative effects on immigrant’s country: nativists don’t like immigrants leading to violence and unjust treatment

EXIT TICKET What is one effect of migration on

another country?

KNOWLEDGE CHECK #5 Why have so many rural citizens

moved to cities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America?

USING ALL THE TERMS ON P. 1 AND THE FOLLOWING

Push factorPull factorLandimmigrant

VOCABULARY SORT Now that we’ve learned some vocab.

Terms, organize/sort them according to categories.

You make up the categories, and one term can be used in more than one category!

Examples: Factors that decrease population Factors that increase population Migration

Main Idea: Culture influences people’s perceptions about places and regions.

GLOBAL CULTURES

COMPLETE THE CHART

Culture

WHAT IS CULTURE? Culture refers to

the many shared characteristics that define a group of people.

Think about the clothes you wear, the music you listen to, and the foods you eat. These are part of your culture.

CULTURE Culture is the way of life of a group of

people who share similar beliefs and customs.

Eight things make-up a person’s culture: Social Groups Language Religion History Daily Life Arts Government Economy

SOCIAL GROUPS We all belong to multiple social groups. We all have social status Most groups have rules of behavior that

group members learn. Ethnic Group: group that shares a

language, history, religion, and some physical traits.

Examples: Old vs. young Male vs. female Student vs. worker Wealthy vs. middle class vs. poor

LANGUAGE Sharing a language is one of the

strongest unifying forces for a culture.

There are more than 2,000 languages spoken in the world.

Dialect: a local form of a language that may have a distinct vocabulary and pronunciation.

RELIGION In many cultures, religious beliefs and

practices help people answer basic questions about life’s meaning.

More than 2/3’s of the world’s population follow one of the five major religions.

The major religions are Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, & Judaism.

HISTORY History shapes how a culture views

itself and the world. Stories about the challenges and

successes of a culture support certain values and help people develop cultural pride.

Cultural holidays enable people to celebrate their heritage.

DAILY LIFE Food, clothing, and shelter

are basic human needs. Do you use chopsticks or a

fork? Do you live in an apartment

or a house? Do you wear sandals or

sneakers?

ARTS Through music, painting,

sculpture, dance, and literature, people express what they think is beautiful and meaningful.

Arts can also tell stories about important figures and events in a culture.

GOVERNMENT Governments fulfill the need to

prevent conflict so people can live together.

Democracy: power is held by the people.

Dictatorship: The leader rules by force, individual freedoms are limited.

Monarchy: government is led by a king or queen who inherits power by being born into the ruling family.

ECONOMY People in every culture must

earn a living. An economy’s success can be

seen in people’s quality of life—how well they eat and live and what kind of health care they receive.

CULTURAL CHANGE Cultures are

constantly changing and influencing each other.

New inventions & technology can change a culture.

Change in one culture can influence other cultures.

What influences from other cultures can you see in your community?

ACCULTURATION The blending and cultural change

that results in the meeting of two or more cultures.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK #6 Describe three elements that help unify

a culture. How can different cultures better live

together in the same place? (assimilation)

What may be some challenges inAcculturation?

INVENTIONS & TECHNOLGY Humans were once hunter-gatherers. The Agricultural Revolution led to

civilizations. Civilizations led to cities, governments,

religions, and writing systems. 1700s: the Industrial Revolution

changes society. Computers, mass communication, &

medical technology have greatly influenced recent cultures.

Civilizations: highly developed cultures.

CULTURAL DIFFUSION Cultures influence each other. This can happen through trade,

migrations, conquest, and mass communication.

Trade is still the most common way to spread culture.

Television, movies, and the Internet are major influencers today.

Cultural Diffusion: The process of spreading ideas from one culture to another.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK Describe one way that cultural diffusion

takes place.

REGIONAL AND GLOBAL CULTURES As countries and

regions share cultural traits, a global culture is emerging.

A culture region is an area that includes different countries that share similar cultural traits.

What do you have in common with a student who lives across town or across the country?

CULTURE REGIONS The countries in each culture region

generally have similar social groups, governments, economic systems, religions, languages, ethnic groups, and histories.

There are nine major culture regions in the world: U.S & Canada; Latin America; Europe; Russia; North Africa, Southwest Asia & Central Asia; Africa south of the Sahara; South Asia; East Asia & Southeast Asia; Australia, Oceania & Antarctica.

GLOBAL CULTURE Recent advances in communications &

technology have helped break down barriers between culture regions.

Individual economies now rely greatly upon each other for resources & markets.

As global culture grows, local cultures become less important.

Globalization: the development of a worldwide culture with an interdependent economy.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK #7 What are culture regions? How and why do cultures change?

Main Idea: Patterns of economic activities result in global interdependence.

RESOURCES, TECHNOLOGY, AND WORLD TRADE

NATURAL RESOURCES Earth’s resources

are not evenly distributed, nor do they all exist in endless supply.

What natural resources can you name?

NATURAL RESOURCES Natural Resources: materials

from the Earth that people use to meet their needs.

Such resources provide food, shelter, goods, & energy.

Examples include soil, trees, wind, & oil.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES Renewable Resources: natural

resources that cannot be used up or that can be replaced.

Examples include the sun, wind, water, rivers, and forests.

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES Nonrenewable Resources: natural

resources that are finite, or limited in supply.

Examples include iron ore, gold, oil, and coal.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK Which energy resources are renewable?

Nonrenewable?

ECONOMIES & TRADE An economy is

the way people use and manage resources.

What kinds of goods and services do the people in your community produce?

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Economic System: the method used to

answer what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and who will receive them.

Traditional Economy = individuals decide what to produce and how to produce it. Technology usually limited.

Command Economy = government makes decisions about resources.

Market Economy = supply and demand; businesses & consumers force decisions.

Mixed Economy = the U.S. has a mixed economy.

DEVELOPED & DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Developed Country: has a mix of

agriculture, a great deal of manufacturing, and service industries; rely on technology; workers have high incomes.

Developing Country: A country with little industry that relies heavily on agriculture; workers have low incomes.

Newly Industrialized Countries: there were once developing countries that are now working towards being a developed country.

WORLD TRADE Trade is important because most

countries have more than what they need of one resource, but not enough of another.

Export: sell to other countries resources that are in abundance.

Import: buy from other countries resources a country does not have.

Both developed & developing countries rely on trade.

BARRIERS TO TRADE Tariffs: taxes to increase the price of

imported goods—encourage purchase of products made within your country.

Quota: a limit on how many items of a particular product can be imported from a certain nation.

FREE TRADE Recently, many countries have

eliminated trade barriers. Free Trade: the removal of trade

limits so that goods flow freely among countries.

INTERDEPENDENCE & TECHNOLOGY Free trade is leading to increased

globalization. More Interdependence: countries

rely on each other for ideas, goods, services, and markets.

Interdependence has occurred due to increased technologies—trains, airplanes, telephones, & the Internet.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK Explain why trade barriers exist, and

describe two types of trade barriers.